IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103753

Yangyu Wang , Xia Wang , Xinyu Yao

{"title":"A polynomial regression and surface response analysis of the (in)congruence of enjoyment and anxiety in online EFL learning","authors":"Yangyu Wang , Xia Wang , Xinyu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite a bulk of research focusing on how foreign language enjoyment and anxiety influence engagement, such endeavors have been predominantly conducted using linear statistical methods and in traditional offline learning. Given that learners often experience multiple emotions simultaneously and computer-mediated language learning is becoming increasingly prevalent, it is essential to investigate how levels of enjoyment and anxiety—two extensively studied emotions in foreign language learning—align with each other, and how their congruence and incongruence impact learners' online learning engagement and interactions. The current study aimed to contribute to the literature by exploring both linear and curvilinear relationships between the (in)congruence of foreign language enjoyment and anxiety and their effects on online English learning engagement and interactions. Questionnaire responses from a total of 348 Chinese English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) undergraduates from two universities were obtained. Polynomial regression with response surface analysis revealed that 1) the congruence between foreign language enjoyment and anxiety had a significantly positive linear relationship with emotional and cognitive engagement, as well as learner-learner, learner-instructor, and learner-content interactions; 2) the incongruence between enjoyment and anxiety had positive linear relationships with all the outcomes and positive curvilinear relationships with learner-learner and learner-instructor interactions; 3) along the line of congruence, the outcomes were higher when both enjoyment and anxiety were high; along the line of incongruence, the outcomes were higher when enjoyment was higher than anxiety. Theoretical and practical implications were also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103753"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing Chinese English language teachers’ research literacy: A multi-case study of an MA TESOL programme at a British university 培养中国英语教师的研究性素养：一所英国大学硕士TESOL课程的多案例研究

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103759

Yonghua (Yoka) Wang , Weihong Wang , Fan Fang

{"title":"Developing Chinese English language teachers’ research literacy: A multi-case study of an MA TESOL programme at a British university","authors":"Yonghua (Yoka) Wang , Weihong Wang , Fan Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Teacher research literacy is crucial for bridging gaps between academic research and classroom practices. However, while existing research on language teacher education programmes has primarily focused on teaching aspects, their impact on teacher research literacy remains under-researched. This study explores the influence of a UK-based MA TESOL programme on Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' research literacy development. Employing multiple data sources, including semi-structured interviews, reflective writing and research portfolios from three focal student-teacher participants, the study reveals that the MA TESOL programme enhanced Chinese EFL teachers' research literacy in five key areas: practice-based research awareness, theoretical literacy, research skills, research volition and ethical literacy. The findings suggest that MA TESOL programmes may serve as potential platforms for enhancing teacher research literacy, thereby promoting the nexus between research and practice and contributing to the development of reflective practitioners. The findings provide practical implications for global language teacher education, highlighting the importance of integrating research literacy into teacher development programmes, thereby empowering teachers’ research-informed teaching practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of EMI in higher education: A multi-level meta-analysis 高等教育中EMI的有效性：一个多层次的元分析

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103755

Hansol Lee , Heath Rose , Ernesto Macaro , Jang Ho Lee

{"title":"Effectiveness of EMI in higher education: A multi-level meta-analysis","authors":"Hansol Lee , Heath Rose , Ernesto Macaro , Jang Ho Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study is one of the first comprehensive multi-level meta-analyses investigating the effects of English Medium Instruction in higher education. It synthesizes a total of 41 samples, comprising a total of 8,747 participants, from 28 quantitative studies, including 23 samples on content learning (7,659 participants) and 18 on English performance (1,088 participants). A comparison of EMI students’ post-test and pre-test scores (within-group comparison) revealed that students significantly improved on measures of content knowledge (<em>d</em> = 1.57, <em>p</em> < .001) and English proficiency (<em>d</em> = 0.81, <em>p</em> < .001), although we acknowledge that this finding does not account for external factors or establish causality. A comparison of post-test performance between EMI and non-EMI groups (between-group comparison), which aimed to assess EMI’s effectiveness relative to non-EMI, showed that EMI students achieved comparable outcomes in content learning (<em>d</em> = 0.13, <em>p</em> = 0.14) and significantly outperformed non-EMI students in English development (<em>d</em> = 0.33, <em>p</em> = 0.009). Moderator analyses further revealed that studies with methodological limitations, such as selection biases for within-group comparisons or unaddressed group homogeneity for between-group comparisons, often overestimate the effectiveness of EMI for content learning. Based on our findings, we offer practical implications for the implementation of EMI in higher education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflective dialogues in negotiating the research-practice nexus: A case study of an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teacher-researcher collaboration 探讨研究-实践关系中的反思性对话：以外语英语教师-研究者合作为例

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103757

Larena Schäfer

{"title":"Reflective dialogues in negotiating the research-practice nexus: A case study of an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teacher-researcher collaboration","authors":"Larena Schäfer","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reflective dialogues between researchers and teachers in Design-Based Research (DBR) projects are often presented as promising opportunities for establishing the research-practice nexus. However, collaborative DBR partnerships in language teacher education remain underexplored. This case study aims to address this gap, exploring how the research-practice nexus is fostered or challenged through reflective dialogues between an EFL teacher and a researcher in a DBR project. Based on data from semi-structured project meetings, informal planning and reflection sessions, and a researcher's field diary, this study identified collaborative goal setting, the co-design of a lesson sequence, and a multifaceted understanding of the lesson design as central reflective practices for fostering the nexus. At the same time, the study reveals significant challenges for the research-practice nexus, including differing conceptual understandings, asymmetries in roles, and tensions between practice-oriented and research-driven priorities. Practical implications are discussed for future researcher-teacher collaborations within language teacher education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A word to the wise: Crafting impactful prompts for ChatGPT 给聪明的人一句话：为ChatGPT制作有影响力的提示

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103756

Myunghwan Hwang , Ki-Ho Lee , Hee-Kyung Lee

{"title":"A word to the wise: Crafting impactful prompts for ChatGPT","authors":"Myunghwan Hwang , Ki-Ho Lee , Hee-Kyung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of ChatGPT into higher education has grown rapidly, yet research on students’ prompting behaviors remains limited. This study examines learner-generated prompts, focusing on linguistic features, prompt engineering strategies, and content-related problems, as well as their impact on response quality, measured by learner satisfaction. A total of 238 prompts from ten Korean EFL graduate students in English education were collected through reflection logs and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, network analysis, and K-means clustering. Results indicate that learners predominantly used concise prompts with minimal strategy, with English prompts yielding higher satisfaction than those in their first language. High-satisfaction prompts incorporated clear, interconnected strategies, while low-satisfaction prompts featured fragmented ones. Key strategies associated with high satisfaction included contextualization and specifying text style, tone, and length, while repetition correlated with dissatisfaction. Furthermore, a thematic analysis identified six main problems that hindered response quality: lack of context, unclear feedback, dual requests, grammatical errors, abstract vocabulary, and excessive constraints. These findings highlight the significance of clear, contextually rich, and strategically crafted prompts in optimizing interactions with ChatGPT, along with the need to equip EFL learners with distinct prompting techniques tailored for AI-assisted language learning, separate from traditional human communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103756"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Student engagement with oral feedback on second language learning: A methodological review 第二语言学习中学生口头反馈的参与：方法论回顾

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103752

Jing Liu, Wei Su

{"title":"Student engagement with oral feedback on second language learning: A methodological review","authors":"Jing Liu, Wei Su","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of feedback and its impact on learning outcomes ultimately depend on whether and how students respond to feedback, that it, students' engagement with feedback. Research on this topic has received increasing scholarly attention. Compared to research on engagement with written feedback, less is known regarding how students engage with oral feedback. Given the real-time interactions between feedback givers and receivers enabled by oral feedback, coupled with multi-modality of visual and aural information exchanges, students' engagement with oral feedback is very likely to differ from that with written feedback. An investigation into this area can enhance the current understanding of engagement as a complex construct. Accordingly, this study systematically reviewed 40 empirical studies from a methodological perspective, since one possible reason for the limited attention to engagement with oral feedback is the difficulty of capturing and analyzing the highly transient oral delivery. The review found that most research did not provide clear or focused conceptualizations or theoretical frameworks of engagement. In addition, the most frequently adopted research design was the convergent design, the most frequent methods were surveys and observation, with the most common instruments being video/audio recordings and questionnaires. In response, it is suggested that, theoretically, more consensus should be reached concerning the terminology, theoretical frameworks, and conceptualizations. In terms of research foci, more efforts are needed to comprehensively explore the three dimensions of engagement (i.e., behavioral, cognitive, and affective), potential indicators, innovative methods, and engagement with alternative feedback types. Finally, the influencing factors in the engagement process (e.g., teaching contexts, feedback foci, learners’ motivation) merit special attention, since they are indispensable for a thorough comprehension of engagement with feedback.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103752"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When AI meets source use: Exploring ChatGPT's potential in L2 summary writing assessment 当人工智能满足源使用：探索ChatGPT在第二语言摘要写作评估中的潜力

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103737

Haeyun Jin

{"title":"When AI meets source use: Exploring ChatGPT's potential in L2 summary writing assessment","authors":"Haeyun Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated writing assessments, which require students to incorporate source material into their writing, pose unique challenges for human raters. Understanding how AI tools like ChatGPT perform in assessing such tasks has become critical. This study investigates ChatGPT's ability to score L2 summary writing compared to human raters, focusing on the differences in rating results across various writing criteria, and their decision-making process in assessing source use. Using Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM) analysis, ratings of 90 student essays by GPT_original, GPT_calibrated, and two human raters were analyzed. Results indicated that GPT_original was the strictest rater overall, particularly in language-focused criteria. While GPT_calibrated aligned more closely with human raters, it still exhibited significant gaps in assessing a source-use-related criterion. Qualitative analyses of raters' think-aloud protocols revealed ChatGPT's detailed, rule-based approach to identifying source use strategies but also its lack of contextual flexibility, often misjudging legitimate paraphrasing attempts and over-relying on surface-level cues. These findings highlight ChatGPT's potential as a supplementary rating tool for L2 integrated writing while underscoring its limitations in addressing the developmental and contextual aspects of assessing source use. Implications point to the need for further refinement through L2-specific training to better align ChatGPT's judgments with human standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of dyadic patterns on the distribution and resolution of cognitive conflict episodes in collaborative writing 二元模式对合作写作中认知冲突事件分布和解决的影响

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103747

Ningning Li, Ying Wang

{"title":"Effects of dyadic patterns on the distribution and resolution of cognitive conflict episodes in collaborative writing","authors":"Ningning Li, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how dyadic patterns influence the distribution (frequency and type) and resolution of cognitive conflict episodes (CCEs) in collaborative writing among Chinese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. Sixty-two (31 pairs) EFL learners were invited to co-construct an argumentative essay within 45 min and complete a reflective journal individually after class. In addition, semi-structured interviews with nine pairs were conducted to elicit their perceptions of cognitive conflicts. All pair talks during writing were audio-recorded and analyzed for dyadic patterns and CCEs. As a result, three dyadic patterns were identified, including high mutuality, moderate mutuality, and low mutuality. Regardless of the dyadic patterns, all pairs devoted the greatest attention to language-related CCEs, followed by content-related and organization-related CCEs. Additionally, the findings indicate that pairs with a high-mutuality pattern significantly produced and correctly resolved more CCEs than those with a low-mutuality pattern. Findings of this study reveal the importance of dyadic patterns in enhancing students’ ability to deal with the cognitive conflicts in peer interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracking an African International Student’s Development of Intercultural Entrepreneurship During Study Abroad in China: A Longitudinal Social Network Design 追踪一名非洲留学生在中国留学期间跨文化创业的发展：纵向社会网络设计

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103735

Citing Li, Xiaoying Fang

{"title":"Tracking an African International Student’s Development of Intercultural Entrepreneurship During Study Abroad in China: A Longitudinal Social Network Design","authors":"Citing Li, Xiaoying Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study traces how a Zimbabwean student, Eric, embarked on an entrepreneurial journey during his time studying in China. A longitudinal social network design was adopted to examine the process through which his multilingual use, intercultural networks, and engagement in intercultural activities shaped each other. Data collection took place over two years, including an open-ended Intercultural Network Questionnaire, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and observational field notes. The findings documented an increase in Eric’s entrepreneurial potential due to his network structure becoming denser over time. He gained access to more entrepreneurial opportunities through his multilingual practices, which further advanced his intercultural entrepreneurial development as he participated in varied intercultural activities. The study suggests that Eric enacted agency to mobilize his multilingual skills and resources, which became a valued commodity to enhance his worth in the context of China-Africa relations. We thus argue that international students’ neoliberal project of self-development may be premised on China’s economic engagement in Africa and their ambitions to leverage on the geo-economic dimensions of Sino-African relations. We conclude with implications for study-abroad program designers to support international students in expanding their intercultural networks and facilitating their pursuit of entrepreneurial careers in the Chinese context and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103735"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Language teacher investment as resistance: Why do teachers engage in practitioner research in an uneven world 语言教师投资作为阻力：在一个不平衡的世界里，教师为什么要从事实践者研究

IF 4.9 1区文学

System Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2025.103750

Özgehan Uştuk , Bircan Nur Kavrazlı , Tuğba Çalışır

{"title":"Language teacher investment as resistance: Why do teachers engage in practitioner research in an uneven world","authors":"Özgehan Uştuk , Bircan Nur Kavrazlı , Tuğba Çalışır","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the investments of two language teacher candidates from Türkiye who engaged in exploratory practice (EP) during an English language course they organized and taught. We drew on the constructs of ideology, capital, and identity, as proposed by Darvin and Norton's (2015) Model of Investment to critically examine the teachers' motivations to engage in practitioner research. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data collected through teacher journals, mentoring sessions, and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that the teachers' motivations transcended self-deterministic desires and included service-oriented goals aimed at disrupting asymmetrical power relations. The EP project allowed the teachers to negotiate their language ideologies, enhance their symbolic capital, and engage in identity work. This study underscores the need for a multilayered approach to understanding language teacher investment, one that is responsive to the sociopolitical and moral complexities of the teaching profession in an uneven world. The implications suggest that policy makers and teacher educators should consider these complexities and support teachers in engaging in critically oriented practices that foster their professional investments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48185,"journal":{"name":"System","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

System最新文献