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Organizing regulatory structure and local air quality: Evidence from the environmental vertical management reform in China 组织监管结构与地方空气质量：来自中国环境垂直管理改革的证据
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.001
Pei Li , Kaihao Liu , Yi Lu , Lu Peng
{"title":"Organizing regulatory structure and local air quality: Evidence from the environmental vertical management reform in China","authors":"Pei Li ,&nbsp;Kaihao Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Lu Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of environmental policies is often compromised by weak enforcement due to conflicts between local and national interests. We examine a novel institutional reform in China that centralizes the management authority of grassroots environmental bureaus to address the issue of local capture. By analyzing the staggered roll-out of this reform, we find that the Air Quality Index significantly decreased by 25.1%. We attribute this improvement to a reduction in the capture of front-line environmental regulators by local interest groups, alignment of interests between local regulators and their upper-level administrators, and increased efforts for environmental protection by local governments in a more independent and impartial regulatory environment. These results highlight the effectiveness of distributing management authority to different administrative levels, as it reshapes the incentives for local environmental regulators, strengthens enforcement efficiency, and facilitates the achievement of policy objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 139-164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foreign-assisted infrastructure and local employment: Evidence from China's aid to Africa 外国援助的基础设施与当地就业：来自中国对非洲援助的证据
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.11.003
Jiafu An , Shiqi Guo , Haicheng Jiang
{"title":"Foreign-assisted infrastructure and local employment: Evidence from China's aid to Africa","authors":"Jiafu An ,&nbsp;Shiqi Guo ,&nbsp;Haicheng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of Chinese infrastructure aid on local employment across ten African countries, surveying over 500,000 individuals from 2000 to 2014. Utilizing variations in proximity to aid projects and the timing of project construction relative to local surveys reveals that Chinese aid increases local employment by two percentage points in areas near project sites compared to those awaiting project commencement, contrasting with regions without such aid. Employment rises with the onset of construction, primarily benefiting individuals with lower educational attainment, and persists post-completion, sustained by the migration and employment of skilled workers. Various infrastructure projects temporarily boost local employment, with long-term benefits particularly pronounced for projects in education, healthcare, and water and power utilities. Cross-sectoral and spatial spillover effects are also identified, with results remaining robust after accounting for additional local development factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 118-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gendered language and gendered violence 性别语言和性别暴力
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.008
Lewis Davis , Astghik Mavisakalyan , Clas Weber
{"title":"Gendered language and gendered violence","authors":"Lewis Davis ,&nbsp;Astghik Mavisakalyan ,&nbsp;Clas Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study establishes the influence of sex-based grammatical gender on gendered violence. We demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between speaking a gendered language and the incidence of intimate partner violence in a cross-section of countries. Motivated by this evidence, we conduct an individual-level analysis of the effect of speaking a gendered language on beliefs about the justifiability of intimate partner violence, controlling for a wide variety of individual level socioeconomic characteristics as well as country, religion, language family and ethnicity fixed effects. Speaking a gendered language is associated with the belief that intimate partner violence is justifiable. Our results are consistent with complementarity between the cultural and cognitive effects of language on the attitudes to intimate partner violence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 4","pages":"Pages 755-772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring the attitude towards a European public budget: A cross-country experiment 衡量对欧洲公共预算的态度：一项跨国实验
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.003
Marco Catola , Pietro Guarnieri , Veronica Pizziol , Chiara Rapallini
{"title":"Measuring the attitude towards a European public budget: A cross-country experiment","authors":"Marco Catola ,&nbsp;Pietro Guarnieri ,&nbsp;Veronica Pizziol ,&nbsp;Chiara Rapallini","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use a multilevel public goods game to investigate attitudes towards national public budgets and a European public budget in six Member States of the European Union: Italy, Germany, France, The Netherlands, Poland, and Portugal. We test to what extent propensities to contribute to public goods differ across countries. Using two efficiency treatments, we also test whether each country group adjusts its contribution when the relative efficiency of the public goods changes. We find no differences across countries in the propensity to contribute to either public budget. Moreover, all country groups level up their contribution to the European public good following an increase in its relative efficiency. We also devise a questionnaire to assess the impact of a sense of identity on contribution decisions and to control for the impact of COVID-19 and the current war in Ukraine on country and EU perceptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 4","pages":"Pages 963-979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Canal and trade: Transportation infrastructure and market integration in China, 1780–1911 运河与贸易：中国的运输基础设施与市场整合，1780-1911
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.006
Shuo Chen , Jianan Li , Qin Yao
{"title":"Canal and trade: Transportation infrastructure and market integration in China, 1780–1911","authors":"Shuo Chen ,&nbsp;Jianan Li ,&nbsp;Qin Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the role of transportation infrastructure in pre-modern economic development by investigating the historical canal's closure. We quantify the effects of closing China's Grand Canal in 1826 by disastrous flooding, the world's largest and oldest manmade waterway, on market integration. We use archived grain prices from 1780 to 1911 and find that the canal's closure led to a 30% decline in market integration; this impact lasted for more than 70 years. Our results are robust while addressing the alternative measures of market integration, potential spillovers from treated groups to control groups, influences of forced openness, and potential measurement errors and standard error adjustments. We find evidence consistent with increasing transportation costs and information friction as the main potential mechanisms. Our findings highlight the importance of transportation infrastructure in reducing arbitrage costs and provide new evidence which is important to explain the process of the Great Divergence between China and Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 4","pages":"Pages 793-812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of anti-corruption on mental health: Evidence from China 反腐对心理健康的影响：来自中国的证据
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.07.003
Jiawei Fu , Congyi Zhou
{"title":"The impact of anti-corruption on mental health: Evidence from China","authors":"Jiawei Fu ,&nbsp;Congyi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental health directly influences individuals’ behaviors and decision-making processes, particularly for government officials grappling with mental health issues. This paper utilizes field data from China’s anti-corruption campaign to evaluate the campaign’s impact on mental health. Our findings indicate that depressive symptoms, as measured by CES-D8 scores, have risen significantly among government employees by 0.4 units per 100 increase in corruption investigation cases. This result suggests that the anti-corruption campaign within a year could potentially result in an average increase of 29% in depressive symptoms among government employees. Interestingly, no comparable effect was found among the general Chinese population. This discrepancy could be attributed to the transformative impact of the anti-corruption campaign on the internal governmental work environment, engendering stress among its employees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 4","pages":"Pages 925-950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stock liquidity and the signaling value of patents: Evidence from china's national equities exchange and quotations market 股票流动性与专利的信号价值：来自中国全国股票交易所和报价市场的证据
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.07.002
Ruigang Bi , Zonglai Kou , Pingyi Lou , Hong Song
{"title":"Stock liquidity and the signaling value of patents: Evidence from china's national equities exchange and quotations market","authors":"Ruigang Bi ,&nbsp;Zonglai Kou ,&nbsp;Pingyi Lou ,&nbsp;Hong Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Young and technology-oriented firms suffer from asymmetric information in seeking access to finance. An increase in stock liquidity can improve a firm's stock price informativeness and mitigate such information problems. We expect that firms will patent less when they face an increase in liquidity if patenting is used as a costly signal mechanism to demonstrate firm quality. By examining an exogenous policy shock that dramatically improves the stock liquidity of treated firms in China's National Equities Exchange and Quotations (NEEQ) market, we document evidence that treated firms patent less after the shock. Our findings reveal the importance of liquidity in reducing the deadweight costs caused by asymmetric information and the signaling value of patenting, and urge caution regarding the sole use of patent applications to measure innovation performance in entrepreneurial firms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 4","pages":"Pages 871-896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changing the pace of the melting pot: The effects of immigration restrictions on immigrant assimilation 改变大熔炉的步伐：移民限制对移民同化的影响
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.007
Jeff Chan
{"title":"Changing the pace of the melting pot: The effects of immigration restrictions on immigrant assimilation","authors":"Jeff Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the effects of restrictive immigration policies enacted in the US in 1921 and 1924 to explore the effects of immigration restrictions on recent immigrants using full-count US Census data and variation across national origins in the exclusionary policies. Immigrants more affected by the quotas were more likely to become naturalized citizens. Immigrants from countries that subsequently had migration reduced by the Acts were also more likely to marry someone born in the United States. The evidence in this paper, taken together, shows that the Immigrant Exclusion Act hastened the assimilation of already-landed immigrant men and impacted their short and long-run family outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 4","pages":"Pages 733-754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The colonial legacy of education: Evidence from Tunisia 教育的殖民遗产：来自突尼斯的证据
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.09.002
Mhamed Ben Salah , Cédric Chambru , Maleke Fourati
{"title":"The colonial legacy of education: Evidence from Tunisia","authors":"Mhamed Ben Salah ,&nbsp;Cédric Chambru ,&nbsp;Maleke Fourati","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper uses spatial variations in the enrolment rate of Tunisian pupils in 1931 to estimate the weight of colonial history on medium- and long-run educational attainment. We assemble a new dataset on the location of public primary schools and the number of pupils and teachers, together with population data for 1931. We match these data with information on education at the district level, derived from two population censuses conducted in 1984 and 2014. We find that a one per cent increase in the enrolment rate in 1931 is associated with a 2.37 percentage points increase in the literacy rate in 1984, and a 1.89 percentage points increase in 2014. We further investigate the exposure to colonial public primary education across different age cohorts. We find that our results are mainly driven by older generations, and tend to fade for younger cohorts. While we provide qualitative evidence that a cultural transmission of education may have contributed to this persistence, we also argue that the continuous effort and investment made by Tunisian governments to achieve universal primary enrolment best explain the decline in spatial disparities in educational attainment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 4","pages":"Pages 773-792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minor monarchs: The ‘Bad-Emperor’ problem in Chinese history 小君主：中国历史上的“坏皇帝”问题
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.002
Heyu Xiong
{"title":"Minor monarchs: The ‘Bad-Emperor’ problem in Chinese history","authors":"Heyu Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How important is the age and experience of political leaders for the quality of governance? I explore this question in the context of imperial China, where autocratic rule centered on the institution of the emperor persisted for nearly 2,000 years. While the issue of child emperors is frequently discussed in the historiography of China, the impact of minor rulers has not been explored empirically. Using rich biographical information on the lives of rulers, I show evidence consistent with the notion that the age of emperors mattered for the effective administration of the Chinese state. In particular, the incidences of minor monarchs appear to accelerate the decline of a dynasty and occur more frequently toward the end of an imperial dynasty. The rule of minor monarchs coincides with the timing of dynastic crises, nomadic attacks, peasant revolts, and declines in fiscal capacity. To assess causality, I conduct two tests. First, I validate my baseline findings using an instrumental variable strategy that exploits the early but natural deaths of preceding emperors. Second, I show that estimated relationships become stronger after the Tang-Song transition, during which the administrative power of the emperor increased dramatically relative to that of the civilian bureaucracy. Overall, the results in this paper suggest that in the absence of institutional constraints, weak executive leadership can lead to poor national outcomes even in a highly bureaucratized state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 4","pages":"Pages 813-824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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