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On the origins of national identity. German nation-building after Napoleon 关于国家认同的起源。拿破仑之后的德意志民族建设
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.02.004
Felix Kersting , Nikolaus Wolf
{"title":"On the origins of national identity. German nation-building after Napoleon","authors":"Felix Kersting ,&nbsp;Nikolaus Wolf","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What are the origins of national identity? We investigate the success of propaganda as one the first nation-building policies conducted in the German lands around 1815. To elicit identity changes at the level of individuals we use data on first names across German cities and villages. To validate the approach of using first names, we show that soldiers with national names had a higher likelihood to be honored for bravery during the German-French War. Exploiting unanticipated border changes together with variation within the same families over time, i.e., family fixed effects, we find that parents in treated cities responded by choosing national (rather than ruler) first names for their children. We do not find a corresponding increase in villages suggesting that national identity was more prevalent among the urban population, in particular the elite, during this period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596724000234/pdfft?md5=956a0f9c85354ccd5401389f67dcd2ae&pid=1-s2.0-S0147596724000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transparency and grand corruption: Lessons from the Colombia school meals program 透明度与大腐败：哥伦比亚学校供餐计划的经验教训
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.02.003
Philip Keefer , Benjamin Roseth
{"title":"Transparency and grand corruption: Lessons from the Colombia school meals program","authors":"Philip Keefer ,&nbsp;Benjamin Roseth","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Can transparency interventions reduce corrupt behavior when corrupt actors are politically influential and the victims of corrupt acts confront large obstacles to collective action? These conditions describe the pervasive phenomenon of grand corruption and potentially render corrupt actors less vulnerable to transparency interventions. We present the first evidence that, despite these theoretical obstacles, a transparency intervention in the Colombian School Meals Program significantly changed the behavior of powerful operators. The intervention consisted of informal audits and text messages to parents. It affected behavior through two channels. A survey of parents reveals greater bottom-up mobilization to oversee operators in treated schools; the pattern of operator responses to the informal audits over time and across departments indicates that operators were concerned that systematic evidence of corrupt behavior would trigger top-down enforcement actions by high-level enforcement agencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A theory of symbiotic corruption 共生腐败理论
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.005
Xuezheng CHEN , Lin GUI , Tao WU , Jun ZHANG
{"title":"A theory of symbiotic corruption","authors":"Xuezheng CHEN ,&nbsp;Lin GUI ,&nbsp;Tao WU ,&nbsp;Jun ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Symbiotic corruption occurs when senior officials employ the symbiotic relationship with junior officials in corrupt activities, to induce them to participate in the political contest for power and political rents. This paper develops a formal theoretical model to analyze the mechanics and consequences of symbiotic corruption prevailing in weakly institutionalized societies. We find that in the presence of symbiotic corruption, political contests tend to arise when the initial distribution of political rents between rival factions is disproportional to their de facto political power. Anti-corruption by increasing the effective penalty or enhancing monitoring of corruption works differently, but both are surprisingly ineffective in a society plagued by symbiotic corruption. In an unbalanced political system, where the initial distribution of political rents is relatively disproportional, an increase in the effective penalty induces rival factions to reach a tacit collusion to maintain peace and leads to universal symbiotic corruption; a rise in monitoring efficiency decreases total corruption but inevitably increases symbiotic corruption. In a balanced political system, universal corruption always emerges, and anti-corruption only affects the transformation between symbiotic and individual corruptions. This study not only sheds light on the (in)effectiveness of conventional anticorruption measures in the presence of symbiotic corruption, but also provides a new perspective on the link between bureaucratic hierarchies, national-level power dynamics, and corruption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139884628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hedging desperation: How kinship networks reduced cannibalism in historical China 对冲绝望：亲属网络如何减少中国历史上的人吃人现象
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.01.003
Zhiwu Chen , Zhan Lin , Xiaoming Zhang
{"title":"Hedging desperation: How kinship networks reduced cannibalism in historical China","authors":"Zhiwu Chen ,&nbsp;Zhan Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Survival cannibalism persisted across human societies until recently. What drove the decline in cannibalism and other forms of violence? Using data from the 1470–1910 period, this paper documents that in historical China, the Confucian clan—an institutionalized kinship network—acted as an informal internal market to facilitate intra-clan resource pooling and risk-sharing, thus reducing the need for cannibalism during times of drought-related famine. The risk mitigation role of the clan remains robust after controlling for economic development and other factors and ruling out alternative channels. Thus, kinship networks and their associated culture contributed to human civilizational development before the advent of formal markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596724000040/pdfft?md5=8f5e77129bcdff37974cc6a880151d89&pid=1-s2.0-S0147596724000040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Misinformation technology: Internet use and political misperceptions in Africa 错误信息技术：非洲的互联网使用和政治误解
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.01.002
Joël Cariolle , Yasmine Elkhateeb , Mathilde Maurel
{"title":"Misinformation technology: Internet use and political misperceptions in Africa","authors":"Joël Cariolle ,&nbsp;Yasmine Elkhateeb ,&nbsp;Mathilde Maurel","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of the Internet to access news has an impact on African citizens’ perceptions of democracy. Using repeated cross-sectional data from the Afrobarometer survey across 35 African countries over the period 2011–2018, along with an instrumental variable approach, allows addressing potential endogeneity bias between Internet use and citizens’ perceptions. The results indicate that using the Internet to obtain information has a significant negative effect on both the preference for and the perception of the extent of democracy. This negative effect is due to several factors. First, Internet use erodes trust in government institutions, mainly in the parliament and the ruling party. It increases the perception that parliament members are involved in corruption. In addition, the erosion of trust is correlated with more political mobilization, in the form of greater participation in demonstrations and voting. These results echo the existing literature and, in particular, hint at the risks of reversal of nascent democratization processes. Finally, the Internet seems to act as a misinformation channel. On the one hand, Internet users’ perception of the extent of democracy and perception of the corruption of legislators diverge from experts’ assessments. On the other hand, Internet use increases the likelihood of inconsistency in respondents’ stances on their preference for democracy. The Internet is not a neutral information channel: it tends to undermine citizens’ preference for democracy while also altering perceptions about political institutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596724000039/pdfft?md5=6afd505d5adf6430ed4d1d727c21c038&pid=1-s2.0-S0147596724000039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139586007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Group composition of income types and the absolute-relative framing of public good contributions 收入类型的群体构成与公益捐助的绝对相对框架
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.03.001
Li Yutong , Wang Xianghong , Dai Zhixin
{"title":"Group composition of income types and the absolute-relative framing of public good contributions","authors":"Li Yutong ,&nbsp;Wang Xianghong ,&nbsp;Dai Zhixin","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the effect of absolute-relative framing on contributions to a public good. Group members have high and low endowments and the number of high-income members in each group varies between treatments. They make contributions without and with a minimum contribution level. We express the contribution metric either in absolute amount or as a relative proportion of a member's initial endowment. We propose that these institutional designs affect contribution behavior through shifting reference points in decisions. First, as the number of high-type members increases, the average contribution increases, especially among the low-type members in absolute framing. Second, relative framing makes the contribution proportions between high and low types move closer than in absolute framing. Third, the difference in contributions between absolute and relative conditions mostly disappears when the minimum contribution level is introduced. We show that the effects of group members’ endowments, relative framing, and the MCL policy represent the internal, external and the institutional reference point respectively with increasing strength.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Religious symbols in the public sphere and development of the third sector: Some evidence from rural Poland 公共领域的宗教象征与第三部门的发展：波兰农村地区的一些证据
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.003
Jan Fałkowski, Przemysław J. Kurek
{"title":"Religious symbols in the public sphere and development of the third sector: Some evidence from rural Poland","authors":"Jan Fałkowski,&nbsp;Przemysław J. Kurek","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we examine to what extent civic engagement might emerge from a deep and organic link, which exists between religion and culture. We rely on a novel approach which approximates the deep embodiment of religious institutions in culture by the presence of religious symbols in the public sphere. Drawing on data for rural Poland, we show that municipalities in which we observe a growing number of street names associated with the Catholic Church display a higher level of civic engagement (measured by the number of NGOs) than municipalities in which, over the last years, such streets were not created.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139061648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Status Inequality and Populism 社会地位不平等与民粹主义
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.02.001
Mark Gradstein
{"title":"Social Status Inequality and Populism","authors":"Mark Gradstein","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elites’ resentment and populist sentiments have been growing in recent years. This research argues that one reason for this is growing income inequality and limited intergenerational mobility, particularly associated with persistent inequality in social status. The presented model uses mechanisms of accordance of social status to generate inequality persistence which, in turn, generates divergence in preferred policies between poor masses and rich elites. This induces the poor majority to mistrust the informed policy making by the elites and to make own, less well informed policy choices. The model generates insights that are consistent with documented empirical regularities. Additionally, our framework enables exploring mechanisms that can potentially empower the poor thereby alleviating resentment against the elites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Growing up amid armed conflict: Women's attitudes toward domestic violence 在武装冲突中成长：妇女对家庭暴力的态度
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.04.002
{"title":"Growing up amid armed conflict: Women's attitudes toward domestic violence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the relationship between growing up amid armed conflict and acceptance of violent behavior later in life. With this aim, we match data from 48 Demographic and Health Surveys in 23 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with records of all conflict events in the region post-WWII. Our empirical strategy exploits within-country variation in conflict exposure across survey clusters and over birth years. We find that attitudes toward domestic violence vary with past exposure to a high-intensity conflict (war) during childhood, but the estimated association is small in magnitude. Estimates from a model with survey cluster fixed effects show that acceptance of domestic violence by women exposed to war before age 20 is about three percent of a standard deviation higher than acceptance by women who live in the same community and experience a war later in life or were born after the war ended. The association is the largest for women first exposed to war early in childhood but remains small (five percent of a standard deviation).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Voting from abroad: Assessing the impact of local turnout on migrants’ voting behavior 从国外投票：评估当地投票率对移民投票行为的影响
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.05.001
{"title":"Voting from abroad: Assessing the impact of local turnout on migrants’ voting behavior","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over 150 countries have laws allowing expatriate citizens to vote in their country of origin. Yet, little is known about their voting behavior and how this is affected by their host countries. Using unique micro-data on Chilean expatriates living in Europe and exploiting increases in the cost of voting caused by rainfall during the 2014 European Parliament election day in districts where Chileans reside, we show that 1 percentage point increase in the host-country local turnout decreases expatriates’ electoral participation in their home-country elections by nearly 1 percentage point. The result is driven by expatriates who were better integrated in the host-country societies. Evidence from surveys shows that higher host turnout promotes expatriates’ participation in host-country organizations and less in home-country organizations. Overall, our results suggest that in communities with high-political participation, migrants engage more with the local politics at the expense of their home-country politics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596724000283/pdfft?md5=018c01d15288bdf8930f09ad2427d0f6&pid=1-s2.0-S0147596724000283-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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