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The disability pay gap in the UK: What is the role of the public sector? 英国的残疾人薪酬差距：公共部门的作用是什么？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642
Melanie Jones
{"title":"The disability pay gap in the UK: What is the role of the public sector?","authors":"Melanie Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using data from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey we provide the first evidence on variation in the disability pay gap between the public and private sector. Decomposing the disability pay gap at the mean we find evidence of a sizable unexplained pay gap in both sectors, but this is narrower in the public relative to the private sector, consistent with greater pay equality in the public sector. The unexplained disability pay gap increases across the pay distribution particularly in the private sector, suggesting a ‘glass ceiling’. As such, our evidence suggests the public sector provides relative protection for disabled employees, especially at the top end of the wage distribution. This appears to be driven by the influence for females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany 电视与家庭人口：来自东德自然实验的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102640
Sven A. Hartmann
{"title":"Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany","authors":"Sven A. Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the causal effects of television exposure on individual decisions regarding marriage, divorce, and family planning by utilizing a natural experiment in the German Democratic Republic during the period of German division. I exploit the fact that individuals in some East German areas could not receive Western television due to their place of residence before reunification in 1990. By analyzing survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, my results reveal that exposure to Western TV significantly reduced the likelihood of marriage and childbirth while increasing the probability of divorce among East Germans. Analyzing administrative data at the county level supports these findings. In addition, survey data from the late 1980s indicates that the observed effects are primarily due to changes in attitudes towards relationships and family life, particularly among women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142551872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Short-term labor supply response to the timing of transfer payments: Evidence from the SNAP program 短期劳动力供给对转移支付时间的反应：来自 SNAP 计划的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102636
Mindy Marks , Silvia Prina , Redina Tahaj
{"title":"Short-term labor supply response to the timing of transfer payments: Evidence from the SNAP program","authors":"Mindy Marks ,&nbsp;Silvia Prina ,&nbsp;Redina Tahaj","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the effect of the timing of SNAP payments on weekly labor supply using data from the CPS. We rely on exogenous variation in the fielding of CPS interviews relative to benefit receipt to estimate labor supply of SNAP eligible individuals at the end of their SNAP benefit cycle (i.e. about to receive benefits) compared to individuals at the start of their cycle (i.e. just received benefits). We find that the timing of SNAP benefits impacts labor supply at the intensive margin, while the extensive margin is unaffected. Conditional on being employed, eligible individuals at the end of their SNAP cycle are more likely to be absent from work compared to individuals at the start of their SNAP cycle. They are also less likely to temporarily shift to full time work. Results are more pronounced for individuals with higher predicted benefit amounts. Our findings suggest that a worsening of individuals’ status (e.g. health problems, child care issues) at the end of their SNAP cycle adversely impacts short-term work presence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distribution of vacancies and new hires across employers: Implications for job offers, skill requirements, and employers’ search outcomes 空缺职位和新员工在雇主间的分布：对工作机会、技能要求和雇主搜索结果的影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102637
Vera Brenčič
{"title":"Distribution of vacancies and new hires across employers: Implications for job offers, skill requirements, and employers’ search outcomes","authors":"Vera Brenčič","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use data on the flow of new vacancies and hires in Slovenia to document three findings. First, labour markets are highly concentrated when we use the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) to measure the distribution of either vacancies or hires across employers in markets defined by required occupation, the statistical region of employers’ headquarters, and the year of either vacancy registration or hiring. Second, employers offer less attractive job offers (in terms of offered wages and offered length of employment) and change the set of required skills (by favoring leadership, manual dexterity, and fitness) in markets with a more concentrated labour demand. Third, employers are equally likely to fill their vacancies, require a similar amount of time to fill them, and are less likely to fill vacancies with workers whose education is below the required education in markets with a more concentrated labour demand. These patterns are consistent with a labour market in which a more concentrated labour demand restricts job searchers’ job options, strengthens employers’ bargaining leverage, and results in job vacancies with less attractive job amenities yet an expanded list of required skills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health information and the timing of social security benefit entitlements 健康信息与社会保障福利权利的时间安排
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102635
Perry Singleton
{"title":"Health information and the timing of social security benefit entitlements","authors":"Perry Singleton","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines whether new health information obtained through medical screening affects entitlements to Social Security benefits. Random assignment of information is derived from a unique feature of the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The survey data are matched to administrative data from the Social Security Administration. The results suggest that new health information led to delays in benefit entitlements, particularly among workers near the early entitlement age. The results are consistent with employment lock, whereby workers delay retirement and continue to work to obtain employer-provided health insurance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of board gender quotas: A meta-analysis 董事会性别配额的影响：元分析
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102634
Costanza De Acutis , Andrea Weber , Elisabeth Wurm
{"title":"The effects of board gender quotas: A meta-analysis","authors":"Costanza De Acutis ,&nbsp;Andrea Weber ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Wurm","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use a meta-analysis to summarize the recent literature evaluating effects of the introduction of gender quotas on company boards. We collect data from 51 studies on policies implemented in 11 countries from which we extract 496 estimates. The literature considers the effects of quota policies on a wide range of outcome variables which we group in four categories. The findings of the meta-analysis contribute to the discussion of boardroom quota policies by mitigating some concerns of negative impacts and pointing out areas where more policy action is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The labor market effects of facilitating social security contributions under part-time employment contracts: Evidence from Colombia 非全日制就业合同下社保缴费便利化的劳动力市场效应：来自哥伦比亚的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102630
Brenda Samaniego de la Parra , Andrea Otero-Cortés , Leonardo Fabio Morales
{"title":"The labor market effects of facilitating social security contributions under part-time employment contracts: Evidence from Colombia","authors":"Brenda Samaniego de la Parra ,&nbsp;Andrea Otero-Cortés ,&nbsp;Leonardo Fabio Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the impact of homogenizing the tax base between part-time and full-time labor contracts in a context with high informality. Using employer–employee matched administrative records and household survey data, we estimate the effects of a reform that eliminated a wedge in regulatory costs across different work schedules in Colombia, reducing the relative costs of formal part-time employment. We find that the reform increased the probability of entering the formal sector for previously informal part-time workers (the target population). Using pre-reform variation in firms’ demand for workers eligible for the policy, we find a 5.5 % increase in formal employment at firms more exposed to the policy. Mean wages at these firms rose by 0.88 % after the reform relative to those at firms that tend to hire fewer workers with no formal sector experience. Firms with more exposure to the reform also experienced higher churn, consistent with the policy creating incentives for firms to rotate across workers at a faster pace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decomposing the exporter wage gap: Selection or differential returns? 分解出口商工资差距：选择还是收益差异？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102633
Jonas Ehn Bødker , Jonas Maibom , Rune Vejlin
{"title":"Decomposing the exporter wage gap: Selection or differential returns?","authors":"Jonas Ehn Bødker ,&nbsp;Jonas Maibom ,&nbsp;Rune Vejlin","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We show that the exporter wage gap is driven by workers sorting on comparative advantage rather than firm selection. We start out with an AKM-style wage equation with worker, firm, and residual “match” fixed effects. We show that allowing worker and firm effects to depend on the export status of the firm changes how the exporter wage gap is decomposed. Our results suggest that workers in exporting firms have unobserved traits that are particularly valuable in exporting, resulting in higher wages for workers in those firms. Further, we show that workers make job transitions based on their differential returns. Thus, the exporter wage gap results from workers self-selecting into exporting and non-exporting firms based on their comparative advantage. Finally, we show that the conclusion is robust to relaxing the linearity assumptions of the AKM-style framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001295/pdfft?md5=6c2624215ceaeb5e2b4f888ccc7dab6e&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001295-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How do firms attain internal and external flexibility of employment? 企业如何实现内部和外部就业灵活性？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102628
Taiyo Fukai , Daiji Kawaguchi , Ayako Kondo , Izumi Yokoyama
{"title":"How do firms attain internal and external flexibility of employment?","authors":"Taiyo Fukai ,&nbsp;Daiji Kawaguchi ,&nbsp;Ayako Kondo ,&nbsp;Izumi Yokoyama","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While firms in many developed countries increasingly rely on workers with nonstandard contracts, the underlying economic factor distinguishing workers on standard contracts from those on nonstandard contracts is poorly understood. Thus, we explore the asymmetric employment and wage adjustments of these two groups to examine whether differences in the importance of firm–worker relation specificity between the two types of workers is a fundamental source of the heterogeneity. We use unique firm-level panel data that records the number of dispatched workers from temporary help agencies, matched with payroll records. Leveraging the exogenous shock that stems from exchange rate fluctuation and heterogeneous trade exposure among firms, we find that firms absorb temporary shocks by adjusting the number of dispatched workers while refraining from changing the employment of in-house workers. Instead, firms opt to change the wages of in-house workers by adjusting their yearly bonuses, rather than their monthly wages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heterogeneous effects of monetary and non-monetary job characteristics on job attractiveness in nursing 金钱和非金钱工作特征对护理工作吸引力的异质性影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102632
Martin Kroczek , Philipp Kugler
{"title":"Heterogeneous effects of monetary and non-monetary job characteristics on job attractiveness in nursing","authors":"Martin Kroczek ,&nbsp;Philipp Kugler","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We apply a novel methodological approach described by Chernozhukov et al. (2018), to analyze preference heterogeneity regarding non-monetary job characteristics and trade-offs between wage and non-monetary job characteristics. Using this approach, we can describe preference heterogeneity more concise than with subgroup analysis. Analyzing data from a self-conducted factorial survey experiment on nurses, we find significant effect heterogeneity regarding non-monetary job characteristics and their trade-off with wages. We also find positive interaction effects between wage and other job characteristics. We further analyze which factors are associated with effect heterogeneity. Working hours and gender appear to be the main drivers of these effects. We also find differences regarding the sources of a nurse’s motivation to initially choose the nursing occupation. Differentiation of job characteristics (job offers) to fit different preferences can therefore be a more effective and efficient way to attract workers than a “one size fits all” solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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