Labour EconomicsPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102670
Anthony Lepinteur , Adrián Nieto
{"title":"All about the money? The gendered effect of education on industrial and occupational sorting","authors":"Anthony Lepinteur , Adrián Nieto","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using the 1972 UK compulsory education reform as a natural experiment, we investigate the impact of education on occupational and industrial sorting through Quarterly Labour Force Surveys. Higher education levels increase the likelihood of men working in public administration and non-manual occupations. For women, it leads to a higher probability of employment in health and education industries. The shift of men towards non-manual occupations significantly boosts earnings, while the impact on women’s earnings is more limited. These findings echo gender differences in job characteristic preferences we show using UK International Social Survey Programme data. Men prioritise pecuniary aspects, while women prioritise pro-social aspects of their jobs. Importantly, greater education does not reduce these disparities in job preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour EconomicsPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102672
Alicia De Quinto , Libertad González
{"title":"The short- and long-term effects of family-friendly policies on mothers’ employment","authors":"Alicia De Quinto , Libertad González","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Countries often encourage part-time work among new parents as part of their family policies, aiming to foster mothers' labor market attachment. However, this approach may unintentionally impede women's long-term career prospects. We examine the impact of a 1999 Spanish reform that allowed parents to reduce their working hours by up to a half while their youngest child was under age 6, along with job protection measures. Leveraging eligibility rules, we follow a regression kink design, comparing ineligible women to mothers who had varying lengths of eligibility, and tracking their subsequent work trajectories. Our findings show that longer eligibility led to a modest increase in maternal part-time work during her child's early years, with mothers working approximately one additional day part-time for each extra month of eligibility. This increase in part-time work substituted for days spent in unemployment rather than reducing full-time work, leading to a rise in earnings. In the long term, extended eligibility also led to improvements in both employment and earnings. Overall, we find that the policy had a positive impact on the labor supply and earnings of women with children, both in the short and long term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour EconomicsPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102663
Jiyoon Kim , Michael Levere , Ellen Magenheim
{"title":"Do minimum wage increases induce changes in work behavior for people with disabilities? Evidence from the AbilityOne program","authors":"Jiyoon Kim , Michael Levere , Ellen Magenheim","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We provide the first evidence on the effects of minimum wage increases on labor market outcomes for people with disabilities. We use a novel dataset consisting of quarterly data on employment, earnings, and hours for workers at nonprofit firms that participate in the federal AbilityOne program. The nonprofits in this program are offered advantages in government contracting, though must primarily employ workers with disabilities. Using recent local variation in minimum wage changes, we find that increasing the minimum wage does not affect employment outcomes for workers with disabilities in this specific context, with precisely estimated null effects. However, these nonprofits respond along non-employment related margins after relatively large minimum wage increases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour EconomicsPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102673
Pyoungsik Kim , Dongyoung Kim
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health management: Evidence from individual-level universal insurance claims data","authors":"Pyoungsik Kim , Dongyoung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a prolonged and widespread increase in mental health problems around the world. While receiving diagnosis and treatment plays a critical role in addressing mental health issues, it remains unclear how this process has been affected by the pandemic. Using an individual fixed effects model, this paper studies the effects of the pandemic on mental illness diagnosis and treatment through universal health insurance claims data. We observe a significant rise in mental illness diagnoses during the pandemic, with subjective mental health measures showing a similar negative impact. We find that individuals with pre-existing conditions experienced a decline in follow-up treatments but that there was a significant increase in new diagnoses among those without pre-existing conditions. We observe a particularly pronounced reduction in diagnoses for individuals over 60 but no significant heterogeneous effects by gender or individual income.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour EconomicsPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102666
Yong Suk Lee , Toshiaki Iizuka , Karen Eggleston
{"title":"Robots and labor in nursing homes","authors":"Yong Suk Lee , Toshiaki Iizuka , Karen Eggleston","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How do employment, tasks, and productivity change with robot adoption? Unlike manufacturing, little is known about these issues in the service sector, where robot adoption is expanding. As a first step towards filling this gap, we study Japanese nursing homes using original facility-level panel data that includes the different robots used and the tasks performed. We find that robot adoption is accompanied by an increase in employment and retention and the relationship is strongest for non-regular care workers and monitoring robots. The share of specific tasks performed by robots increases with the adoption of the respective type of robot, leading to reallocation of care worker effort to “human touch” tasks that support quality care. Robots are associated with improved quality (reduction in restraint use and pressure ulcers) and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour EconomicsPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102668
Qingxiao Li , Di Xiao
{"title":"Fertility discrimination in the Chinese labor market: Evidence from a correspondence study and an employer survey","authors":"Qingxiao Li , Di Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines fertility discrimination in the Chinese labor market following the implementation of the three-child policy and extended parental leave provisions. We conducted a correspondence study and submitted 18,728 resumes to 4,682 entry-level job postings on a prominent online job board, with randomized applicant gender, marital, and parental status. Our results show that single female applicants are more likely to receive callbacks than married females, who have a higher probability of childbearing. Conversely, male applicants do not experience a similar gap based on their marital or parental status. A complementary survey of 745 hiring managers aligns with these results, with a pronounced disfavor towards married women without children, largely due to their preference for parental status and concerns about maternity leave. The survey further suggests that hiring preferences may be influenced by the managers’ own demographic and personal traits, such as gender, parental status, and time and risk preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour EconomicsPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102648
Marco Caliendo , Rebecca Olthaus , Nico Pestel
{"title":"Long-term employment effects of the minimum wage in Germany: New data and estimators","authors":"Marco Caliendo , Rebecca Olthaus , Nico Pestel","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the long-term effects of the introduction of the German minimum wage in 2015 and its subsequent increases on regional employment. Using comprehensive survey data, we are able to measure the regional bite of the minimum wage in 2014, just before its introduction, as well as in 2018, before it was raised substantially in several steps. The introduction mainly affected the labour market in East Germany, while the minimum wage increases increasingly affected low-wage regions in West Germany, with about one third of regions changing their (binary) treatment status between 2014 and 2018. We use different specifications and extensions of the canonical difference-in-differences approach, as well as a set of new estimators that allow unbiased effect estimation with a staggered treatment adoption and heterogeneous treatment effects. Our results show a small negative effect on total dependent employment of 0.5%, driven by a significant reduction in marginal employment of 2.4%. The extended specifications suggest additional effects of the minimum wage increases, as well as stronger negative effects for those regions that were strongly affected by the minimum wage in both periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour EconomicsPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102669
Eduard Brüll , Davud Rostam-Afschar , Oliver Schlenker
{"title":"Cut off from new competition: Threat of entry and quality of primary care","authors":"Eduard Brüll , Davud Rostam-Afschar , Oliver Schlenker","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study how the threat of entry affects service quantity and quality of general practitioners (GPs). We leverage Germany’s needs-based primary care planning system, in which the likelihood of new GPs reduces by 20 percentage points when primary care coverage exceeds a cut-off. We compile novel data covering all German primary care regions and up to 30,000 GP-level observations from 2014 to 2019. Reduced threat of entry lowers patient satisfaction for incumbent GPs without nearby competitors but not in areas with competitors. We find no effects on working hours or quality measures at the regional level including hospitalizations and mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour EconomicsPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102671
Xuezheng Qin , Jinjie Tan , Haochen Zhang
{"title":"Teaching for happiness: The impact of teachers’ education on student mental health","authors":"Xuezheng Qin , Jinjie Tan , Haochen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the effect of teachers’ schooling on student mental health in junior high schools in China. Based on the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data, we exploit the random nature of class assignment for causal identification. The results show that students taught by head teachers with more years of schooling tend to have better mental health outcomes. This effect is shown to operate through several channels: more educated teachers tend to handle students’ mental health problems in a more scientific manner; they also have more effective communication with parents regarding their children's mental health, which potentially cultivates more responsive parenting styles and a closer parent-child relationship; better-educated head teachers also induce higher peer quality for their students. Among them, teachers’ specific know-how on student mental health problems and the role of parents are identified as primary mechanisms. Subsample analyses show the impact of teachers’ schooling on student mental health is larger for students with less maternal schooling, rural students, and male students. Our findings enrich the literature on the education-health gradient, and contribute to the understanding of the social welfare gains of enhancing schoolteachers’ human capital.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Skill demand versus skill use: Comparing job posts with individual skill use on the job","authors":"Moira Daly , Fane Groes , Mathias Fjællegaard Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skill requirements in a job post reflect an employer’s “wish list,” but do they also reflect skills used on the job by the hired worker? We compare skill measures derived from the text of online job posts with individual-level data from the Danish Labour Force Survey (LFS) in which participants report their main skills used on the job as free text. By identifying individual workers from the LFS who can be matched to a job post, we validate that the extensive margin skills measures derived from job postings data reflect main skills used on the job. Thus, using job postings data to analyze skill use on the job is generally a valid empirical strategy. However, we also show that heterogeneity in returns to skills is missed if only the extensive margin of skill demand is considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}