Sociological Methodology最新文献_第5页

A General Panel Model for Unobserved Time Heterogeneity with Application to the Politics of Mass Incarceration 非观测时间异质性的一般面板模型及其在大规模监禁政治中的应用

IF 3 2区社会学

Sociological Methodology Pub Date : 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/00811750211016033

Scott W. Duxbury

{"title":"A General Panel Model for Unobserved Time Heterogeneity with Application to the Politics of Mass Incarceration","authors":"Scott W. Duxbury","doi":"10.1177/00811750211016033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00811750211016033","url":null,"abstract":"Panel data analysis is common in the social sciences. Fixed effects models are a favorite among sociologists because they control for unobserved heterogeneity (unexplained variation) among cross-sectional units, but estimates are biased when there is unobserved heterogeneity in the underlying time trends. Two-way fixed effects models adjust for unobserved time heterogeneity but are inefficient, cannot include unit-invariant variables, and eliminate common trends: the portion of variance in a time-varying variable that is invariant across cross-sectional units. This article introduces a general panel model that can include unit-invariant variables, corrects for unobserved time heterogeneity, and provides the effect of common trends while also allowing for unobserved unit heterogeneity, time-varying coefficients, and time-invariant variables. One-way and two-way fixed effects models are shown to be restrictive forms of this general model. Other restrictive forms are also derived that offer all the usual advantages of one-way and two-way fixed effects models but account for unobserved time heterogeneity. The author uses the models to examine the increase in state incarceration rates between 1970 and 2015.","PeriodicalId":48140,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methodology","volume":"51 1","pages":"348 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00811750211016033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48076745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Can You Really Study an Army on the Internet? Comparing How Status Tasks Perform in the Laboratory and Online Settings 你真的能在网上研究一支军队吗？比较状态任务在实验室和联机设置中的执行方式

IF 3 2区社会学

Sociological Methodology Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.1177/00811750211014242

Bianca Manago, Trenton D. Mize, Long Doan

{"title":"Can You Really Study an Army on the Internet? Comparing How Status Tasks Perform in the Laboratory and Online Settings","authors":"Bianca Manago, Trenton D. Mize, Long Doan","doi":"10.1177/00811750211014242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00811750211014242","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory experiments have a long history within sociology, with their ability to test causality and their utility for directly observing behavior providing key advantages. One influential social psychological field, status characteristics and expectation states theory, has almost exclusively used laboratory experiments to test the theory. Unfortunately, laboratory experiments are resource intensive, requiring a research pool, laboratory space, and considerable amounts of time. For these and other reasons, social scientists are increasingly exploring the possibility of moving experiments from the lab to an online platform. Despite the advantages of the online setting, the transition from the lab is challenging, especially when studying behavior. In this project, we develop methods to translate the traditional status characteristics experimental setting from the laboratory to online. We conducted parallel laboratory and online behavioral experiments using three tasks from the status literature, comparing each task’s ability to differentiate on the basis of status distinctions. The tasks produce equivalent results in the online and laboratory environment; however, not all tasks are equally sensitive to status differences. Finally, we provide more general guidance on how to move vital aspects of laboratory studies, such as debriefing, suspicion checks, and scope condition checks, to the online setting.","PeriodicalId":48140,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methodology","volume":"51 1","pages":"319 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00811750211014242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49371565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Using Social Networks to Supplement RDD Telephone Surveys to Oversample Hard-to-Reach Populations: A New RDD+RDS Approach 利用社会网络补充RDD电话调查对难以接触到的人群进行抽样:一种新的RDD+RDS方法

IF 3 2区社会学

Sociological Methodology Pub Date : 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/00811750211003922

R. Agans, D. Zeng, B. Shook‐Sa, Marcella H. Boynton, N. Brewer, E. Sutfin, A. Goldstein, S. Noar, Q. Vallejos, Tara L Queen, J. Bowling, K. Ribisl

{"title":"Using Social Networks to Supplement RDD Telephone Surveys to Oversample Hard-to-Reach Populations: A New RDD+RDS Approach","authors":"R. Agans, D. Zeng, B. Shook‐Sa, Marcella H. Boynton, N. Brewer, E. Sutfin, A. Goldstein, S. Noar, Q. Vallejos, Tara L Queen, J. Bowling, K. Ribisl","doi":"10.1177/00811750211003922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00811750211003922","url":null,"abstract":"Random digit dialing (RDD) telephone sampling, although experiencing declining response rates, remains one of the most accurate and cost-effective data collection methods for generating national population-based estimates. Such methods, however, are inefficient when sampling hard-to-reach populations because the costs of recruiting sufficient sample sizes to produce reliable estimates tend to be cost prohibitive. The authors implemented a novel respondent-driven sampling (RDS) approach to oversample cigarette smokers and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. The new methodology selects RDS referrals or seeds from a probability-based RDD sampling frame and treats the social networks as clusters in the weighting and analysis, thus eliminating the intricate assumptions of RDS. The authors refer to this approach as RDD+RDS. In 2016 and 2017, a telephone survey was conducted on tobacco-related topics with a national sample of 4,208 U.S. adults, as well as 756 referral-based respondents. The RDD+RDS estimates were comparable with stand-alone RDD estimates, suggesting that the addition of RDS responses from social networks improved the precision of the estimates without introducing significant bias. The authors also conducted an experiment to determine whether the number of recruits would vary on the basis of how the RDS recruitment question specified the recruitment population (closeness of relationship, time since last contact, and LGBT vs. tobacco user), and significant differences were found in the number of referrals provided on the basis of question wording. The RDD+RDS sampling approach, as an adaptation of standard RDD methodology, is a practical tool for survey methodologists that provides an efficient strategy for oversampling rare or elusive populations.","PeriodicalId":48140,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methodology","volume":"51 1","pages":"270 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00811750211003922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43305520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Uncertain Choices: The Heterogeneous Multinomial Logit Model 不确定选择：异质多项式Logit模型

IF 3 2区社会学

Sociological Methodology Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/0081175020979689

G. Tutz

引用次数: 2

Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach. 多代社会流动:人口统计学方法。

IF 3 2区社会学

Sociological Methodology Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/0081175020973054

Xi Song

{"title":"Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach.","authors":"Xi Song","doi":"10.1177/0081175020973054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0081175020973054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most social mobility studies take a two-generation perspective, in which intergenerational relationships are represented by the association between parents' and offspring's socioeconomic status. This approach, albeit widely adopted in the literature, has serious limitations when more than two generations of families are considered. In particular, it ignores the role of families' demographic behaviors in moderating mobility outcomes and the joint role of mobility and demography in shaping long-run family and population processes. This paper provides a demographic approach to the study of multigenerational social mobility, incorporating demographic mechanisms of births, deaths, and mating into statistical models of social mobility. Compared to previous mobility models for estimating the probability of offspring's mobility conditional on parent's social class, the proposed joint demography-mobility model treats the number of offspring in various social classes as the outcome of interest. This new approach shows the extent to which demographic processes may amplify or dampen the effects of family socioeconomic positions due to the direction and strength of the interaction between mobility and differentials in demographic behaviors. I illustrate various demographic methods for studying multigenerational mobility with empirical examples using the IPUMS linked historical U.S. census representative samples (1850 to 1930), the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968 to 2015), and simulation data that show other possible scenarios resulting from demography-mobility interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48140,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methodology","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0081175020973054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39218980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Reconsidering the Reference Category 重新考虑参考类别

IF 3 2区社会学

Sociological Methodology Pub Date : 2021-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/0081175020982632

S. Johfre, J. Freese

{"title":"Reconsidering the Reference Category","authors":"S. Johfre, J. Freese","doi":"10.1177/0081175020982632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0081175020982632","url":null,"abstract":"Social scientists often present modeling results from categorical explanatory variables, such as gender, race, and marital status, as coefficients representing contrasts to a “reference” group. Although choosing the reference category may seem arbitrary, the authors argue that it is an intrinsically meaningful act that affects the interpretability of results. Reference category selection foregrounds some contrasts over others. Also, selecting a culturally dominant group as the reference can subtly reify the notion that dominant groups are the most “normal.” The authors find that three of four recently published tables in Demography and American Sociological Review that include race or gender explanatory variables use dominant groups (i.e., male or white) as the reference group. Furthermore, the tables rarely state what the reference is: only half of tables with race variables and one-fifth of tables with gender variables explicitly specify the reference category; the rest leave it up to the reader to check the methods section or simply guess. As an alternative to this apparently standard practice, the authors suggest guidelines for intentionally and responsibly choosing a reference category. The authors then discuss alternative ways to convey results from categorical explanatory variables that avoid the problems of reference categories entirely.","PeriodicalId":48140,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methodology","volume":"51 1","pages":"253 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0081175020982632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47070015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Multigroup Segregation Analyses with Covariates 具有协变量的多群分离分析

IF 3 2区社会学

Sociological Methodology Pub Date : 2021-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/0081175020981120

K. Yamaguchi

{"title":"Multigroup Segregation Analyses with Covariates","authors":"K. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1177/0081175020981120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0081175020981120","url":null,"abstract":"The author introduces methods for the decomposition analysis of multigroup segregation measured by the index of dissimilarity, the squared coefficient of variation, and Theil’s entropy measure. Using a new causal framework, the author takes a unified approach to the decomposition analysis by specifying conditions that must be satisfied to decompose segregation into unexplained and explained components. Here, the unexplained component represents the direct effects of the group variable on the conditional probability of acquiring a social position—such as a residential district in an analysis of residential segregation or an occupation in an analysis of occupational segregation—and the explained component represents indirect effects of the group variable on the outcome through covariates. The major merit of this approach is its ability to control individual-level covariates for the decomposition analysis of segregation. Two methods, one for semiparametric outcome models with the identity link function and the other for semiparametric outcome models with the multinomial logit link function, are introduced in this unified framework. The application of these methods focuses on occupational segregation among racial/ethnic groups. Father’s occupation, subject’s educational attainment, and the region of interview are included as covariates, using data from the General Social Surveys.","PeriodicalId":48140,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methodology","volume":"51 1","pages":"224 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0081175020981120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparing Groups of Life-Course Sequences Using the Bayesian Information Criterion and the Likelihood-Ratio Test 使用贝叶斯信息准则和似然比检验比较生命历程序列组

IF 3 2区社会学

Sociological Methodology Pub Date : 2020-10-05 DOI: 10.1177/0081175020959401

T. Liao, A. Fasang

{"title":"Comparing Groups of Life-Course Sequences Using the Bayesian Information Criterion and the Likelihood-Ratio Test","authors":"T. Liao, A. Fasang","doi":"10.1177/0081175020959401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0081175020959401","url":null,"abstract":"How can we statistically assess differences in groups of life-course trajectories? The authors address a long-standing inadequacy of social sequence analysis by proposing an adaption of the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the likelihood-ratio test (LRT) for assessing differences in groups of sequence data. Unlike previous methods, this adaption provides a useful measure for degrees of difference, that is, the substantive significance, and the statistical significance of differences between predefined groups of life-course trajectories. The authors present a simulation study and an empirical application on whether employment life-courses converged after reunification in the former East Germany and West Germany, using data for six birth-cohort groups ages 15 to 40 years from the German National Education Panel Study. The new methods allow the authors to show that convergence of employment life-courses around reunification was stronger for men than for women and that it was most pronounced in terms of the duration of employment states but weaker for their order and timing in the life-course. Convergence of East German and West German women’s employment lives set in earlier and reflects a secular trend toward a more gender-egalitarian division of labor in West Germany that is unrelated to reunification. The simulation study and the substantive application demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed BIC and LRT methods for assessing group differences in sequence data.","PeriodicalId":48140,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methodology","volume":"51 1","pages":"44 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0081175020959401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45498005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Theory and the Replication Problem 理论与复制问题

IF 3 2区社会学

Sociological Methodology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/0081175020955216

David Willer, Pamela Emanuelson

引用次数: 5

Modeling Partitions of Individuals 个体分区建模

IF 3 2区社会学

Sociological Methodology Pub Date : 2020-09-29 DOI: 10.1177/00811750221145166

Marion Hoffman, Per Block, T. Snijders

引用次数: 3