Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Impact of medication therapy management on medication adherence and health-related quality of life among non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients","authors":"Shivaprasad Sirimalla ,&nbsp;Uday Venkat Mateti ,&nbsp;Pradeep Shenoy ,&nbsp;C.S. Shastry ,&nbsp;Shraddha Shetty","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disease, often associated with poor medication adherence and reduced health related quality of life (HRQoL). Medication therapy management (MTM) is a range of services provided to patients and has been shown to enhance medication adherence and HRQoL, yet its impact on non-dialysis CKD patients remains underexplored. So, the study was aimed to see the impact of MTM on medication adherence and HRQoL among non-dialysis CKD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The prospective, open-labelled randomization-controlled study was conducted among CKD non-dialysis patients. HRQoL was assessed using KDQoL-36 questionnaire. Medication adherence was assessed using the medication adherence scale. Both were assessed at baseline; 6^th and 12^th month follow up. MTM group received clinical pharmacist's MTM services along with usual care (UC). UC group received the hospital team's general care from the Doctors, Nurses, and other health care professionals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 220 CKD patients has been enrolled into the both groups in 1:1 ratio. At baseline, most of the patients were having medium adherence in both MTM 82 (74.54) and UC 77 (70) groups, followed by low adherence with p value 0.131. At 6^th and 12^th month follow-up. Medication adherence was increased in the MTM group compared to the UC group with p value &lt;0.001. In the baseline, the more HRQoL score was found in the domain \"symptoms and problems list\" in both MTM 70.4 and UC groups 71.5 with the p value &gt;0.05. The HRQoL scores of 5 domains were significantly increased at the 6th month and 12th month in the MTM group compared to the UC group with p value &lt;0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Study concluded, MTM services increased the medication adherence and HR-QoL of CKD non dialysis patients in MTM group compared to UC group. In future, MTM services can be implemented in healthcare settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 12","pages":"Pages 1090-1095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote patient monitoring outpatient telepharmacy services: a systematic review.","authors":"Meadow Gehrke, Keshia R De Guzman, Marissa Ryan, Centaine L Snoswell","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this review was to describe the existing evidence internationally regarding remote patient monitoring (RPM) outpatient telepharmacy service models, with a secondary focus on patient and service outcomes, enablers, and barriers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. Key search terms included pharmacy, telepharmacy, and outpatient; data extraction and narrative analysis were then performed, along with quality assessment and characterisation of the level of evidence provided by each paper. Original research articles were included if they described the service model for an RPM telepharmacy intervention for adult outpatients. Pharmacy staff delivering the service had to be a pharmacist or pharmacy technician; pharmacy student telepharmacy models were not included. Models that did not have a clinical consult component, such as health professional to health professional interactions or medication delivery were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 33 articles included in this review, and the service models included scheduled phone consultations for symptom monitoring, interactive voice response (IVR) systems, mobile applications, short message service (SMS) and web communications. The studies found positive patient outcomes, including improved blood pressure control, improved blood glucose and/or HbA1c levels, reduced number of individuals at high-risk of transplant rejection in the kidney transplant population and improved general patient outcomes, including compliance. Positive service outcomes were also reported, including service feasibility, satisfaction and acceptance, as well as a reduction in hospitalisations, healthcare costs, and utilisation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RPM is being used across a range of outpatient service models in a variety of clinical specialties to deliver telepharmacy services. While more investigation is required, available evidence supports positive patient and service outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence and persistence to heart failure guideline-directed medical therapy: A systematic review of studies based on electronic healthcare data","authors":"Nerea Báez-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Cristina Galindo-García ,&nbsp;Héctor Rodríguez-Ramallo ,&nbsp;Susana Sánchez-Fidalgo","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Heart failure (HF) significantly impacts global morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Effective treatment involves multiple guideline-directed medical therapies, such as beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. However, medication adherence and persistence in HF patients are often suboptimal, negatively influencing clinical outcomes. This systematic review assesses medication adherence and persistence among HF patients and their relationship to clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, evaluating observational studies utilizing electronic healthcare databases published between 1990 and 2024. Studies reporting adherence or persistence to HF pharmacological treatments, measured by pharmacy claims or electronic health records, were included. Primary adherence (initial dispensing), secondary adherence (continued refilling), and persistence (duration until medication discontinuation) were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-two studies involving 2,001,178 HF patients were reviewed. No studies adequately assessed primary adherence. Secondary adherence was predominantly evaluated using Proportion of Days Covered or Medication Possession Ratio, with adherence generally below optimal levels (&lt;80 %). Medication adherence declined significantly with increased regimen complexity and over extended periods. Persistence rates were notably lower in long-term follow-ups, especially with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Higher medication adherence and persistence consistently correlated with reduced hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and mortality rates. Methodological heterogeneity across studies precluded the feasibility of a meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Medication adherence and persistence among HF patients remain suboptimal, particularly with complex, multi-drug regimens and prolonged treatments. Improved adherence was correlated with better clinical outcomes, underscoring the need for standardized adherence measures and targeted interventions to enhance patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 12","pages":"Pages 1013-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists’ barriers and enablers to delivering health behaviour recommendations for patients with behavioural determinants of disease: Application of the COM-B model","authors":"Chloe Maxwell-Smith ,&nbsp;Hayley Breare ,&nbsp;Alejandro Dominguez Garcia ,&nbsp;Tin Fei Sim ,&nbsp;Krysten Blackford ,&nbsp;Barbara A. Mullan","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacists are among the most trusted and accessible health professionals in Australia. Community pharmacists are well positioned to deliver brief health recommendations to reduce risk factors of communicable and non-communicable disease during patient interactions. However, effective facilitation of these interactions in pharmacy practice should be considered. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model provides a framework to map understanding of the factors affecting pharmacists’ delivery of health behaviour recommendations to patients, with the aim of reducing disease risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Australian community pharmacists (<em>M</em>_<em>age</em> = 38.7 years, <em>SD</em> = 15.6). Participants described their barriers and enablers to delivering brief health behaviour change recommendations during patient counselling. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, with the COM-B model as a guiding framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three themes were identified: ‘<em>Perceptions of patient willingness’, ‘Professional Role and Identity’,</em> and <em>‘Structural constraints in pharmacy practice</em>.<em>’</em> Pharmacists reported being motivated to engage with patients about behaviour change but felt inhibited by retail-models of pharmacy, time constraints, and lack of experiential learning. A patient-centred pharmacy model, theoretical knowledge of behaviour change, proprietor support, and patient interest appeared to be instrumental in the effective facilitation of behaviour change advice.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Pharmacists are reportedly motivated to engage with patients about health risk factors and disease management. However, external barriers to recommendations and lack of time may only be reduced with management support. Findings necessitate pharmacy model-level initiatives to effectively overcome barriers, such as educating pharmacists about the benefits of behavioural medicine, and training in brief behaviour change techniques through professional development opportunities. Behavioural medicine can enhance pharmacists’ capacity to support individuals in managing chronic and communicable disease, but this may need to be incorporated and prioritised early in pharmacy training, including throughout tertiary pharmacy curricula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 12","pages":"Pages 1079-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New program theory in pharmacist-led patient-centered medication review in general practice: A qualitative pilot study","authors":"Susanne Kaae ,&nbsp;Sara Sommer Holst ,&nbsp;Johanne Mølby Hansen ,&nbsp;Charlotte Vermehren","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacists are increasingly engaged in general practice to contribute to rational prescribing and to reduce the workloads. To further improve patients' outcomes, a new <em>patient-centered</em> medication review (MR) model in primary care for polypharmacy patients was developed. This model involves patients in an initial ‘problem detection meeting’ with the pharmacist and in a meeting with the pharmacist and the General Practitioner (GP) to discuss MR findings.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To pilot test the new MR model to supplement existing program theory.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Qualitative descriptive nonparticipatory observations of the MR model were carried out in two general practices in Denmark to identify Context elements and determine how the Intervention was enacted. Semistructured interviews with GPs, patients and the pharmacist were conducted to establish Outcomes. Through principles of realist evaluation, Mechanisms, i.e., links connecting Context, Intervention and Outcomes, were inferred.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The new model led to satisfaction among patients and GPs. Three central mechanisms were: 1) alignment between the pharmacist and the GP in their understanding of MR work; 2) investment in relational work; and 3) flexibility, allowing the model to fulfill the needs of GPs despite differences in experiences with polypharmacy, working styles, and knowledge of enrolled patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The new model illustrates how pharmacists can support GPs. New program theory regards the importance of compatible perspectives between pharmacists and GPs on appropriate polypharmacy work, i.e., ‘shared mental models’, the ways GPs can develop their mental models when interacting with pharmacists, and the usefulness of relational work when the models clash.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 12","pages":"Pages 1070-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into community pharmacists’ behavioural intention towards providing safe medication disposal service using the theory of planned behaviour","authors":"Sheng Yuan Hiew ,&nbsp;Bee Yean Low ,&nbsp;Kian Wah Liew ,&nbsp;Wah Yun Low ,&nbsp;Kang Nee Ting ,&nbsp;Matthew Boyd","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.06.111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.06.111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Household pharmaceutical waste disposal in Malaysia is inadequate, largely due to limited awareness and a lack of safe disposal facilities. Community pharmacies are not legally required to collect unused or expired medications and face various challenges in offering disposal services. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the factors influencing community pharmacists’ intention to provide safe medication disposal.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to identify the attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control affecting Malaysian community pharmacists’ intention to provide medication take-back service and to identify the predictors of this intention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a stratified random sample of 424 community pharmacists in the Klang Valley. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) served as the theoretical framework, with constructs measured using a 4-point Likert scale. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse how TPB constructs and external factors influence pharmacists' intention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 424 surveys, 310 responses were received (response rate: 73.1 %). The PLS-SEM model explained 66 % of the variance in pharmacists' intention (R² = 0.662, adjusted R² = 0.656). While attitude was not a significant predictor, subjective norm e.g. patient demand and external factors e.g. business competitiveness were significant positive predictors. Conversely, perceived behavioural control factors, including workload, costs, space and authority negatively impacted intention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study identifies key constructs influencing community pharmacists' intention to offer medication take-back service. A multifaceted approach involving clear regulatory frameworks, government support and pharmaceutical industry participation, and public education is necessary to enhance this intention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 12","pages":"Pages 1059-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pharmacist-led interventions on COVID-19, herpes zoster, influenza, pneumococcal, and respiratory syncytial virus vaccines uptake in people aged 60 years and older: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Shambel Nigussie Amare ,&nbsp;Kwang Choon Yee ,&nbsp;Myra Leung ,&nbsp;Mark Naunton ,&nbsp;Mary Bushell","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.06.110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.06.110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While some review studies have assessed the role of pharmacists in vaccination services, none have comprehensively assessed their impact specifically on improving vaccination uptake among older adults across all major recommended vaccines. These include COVID-19, herpes zoster, influenza, pneumococcal disease, and respiratory syncytial virus. This systematic review aimed to generate evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacist-led interventions in promoting the uptake of these vaccines among individuals aged 60 years and older.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Relevant publications up to June 2024 were comprehensively searched across six databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The pooled effect size was estimated using a random-effects model with a 95 % confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were used to evaluated differences in effect sizes according to pharmacist roles.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>A total of 10,998 studies were initially identified, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. In eight pre-post studies, pharmacist involvement in immunisation services significantly increased vaccine uptake among older adults, yielding a pooled relative risk (RR) of 3.29 (95 % CI: 2.01–5.39). Similarly, in five randomised studies, pharmacist-led interventions were significantly associated with increased vaccine uptake, with a pooled RR of 3.04 (95 % CI: 1.46–6.34).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review demonstrates the substantial impact of pharmacist-led interventions on vaccination uptake among older people. The findings suggest that the greatest improvements occur when pharmacists serve as educators, facilitators, immunisers, and advocators. Healthcare policymakers and organisations should prioritise and implement comprehensive pharmacist-led strategies to enhance vaccine uptake in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 11","pages":"Pages 857-871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of pharmacist-led interventions in improving gout outcomes: A systematic review","authors":"Maria Tanveer ,&nbsp;Azhar Hussain Tahir ,&nbsp;Sunil Shrestha ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zawwad Raza ,&nbsp;Ali Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.06.108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.06.108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacists are core members of the healthcare team, offering essential support beyond dispensing of medications. They play a crucial role in managing and educating patients, particularly those with chronic diseases. Although numerous studies have reported the involvement of pharmacists in the care of people living with gout, the overall evidence remains limited and is not well defined.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led interventions in improving gout outcomes in people living with gout, specifically focusing on serum uric acid levels, medication adherence, and patient education.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted on multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Ovid Embase and Cochrane (library) central to identify relevant studies published up to April 2025. The studies eligible for this review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and non-randomized studies (non-RCTs), including pre-post studies and cohort designs that assessed pharmacist-led interventions in the management of gout. Outcomes of interest were reductions in serum uric acid levels, prevention of gout flares, absolute serum uric acid reductions, required dosage to achieve target serum uric acid level, improvements in patient education and frequency of clinic visits. The risk of bias for RCTs was assessed by utilizing the ROB-2 tool, while non-randomized studies were assessed with the ROBINS-I tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five studies involving a total of 1805 people living with gout were included in this review. In these studies, pharmacists delivered interventions such as provided interventions; enhancing patient education or providing pharmaceutical care either alone or in collaboration with other healthcare team members were included. Two studies were RCTs, while three were non-RCTs. Pharmacist-led interventions contributed to achieving target serum uric acid levels, determining appropriate the dose of urate lowering therapy needed to attain target levels, improving adherence, and reducing gout flares. The randomized trials were found to have lower risk compared to non-randomized studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggested that pharmacist involvement in gout management can considerably enhance disease control and improve the overall quality of life for patients. Further research is warranted to identify the most effective components of pharmacist-led interventions and to evaluate their effect on gout outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 12","pages":"Pages 975-990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating role of occupational identification in the effect of occupational self-efficacy on burnout","authors":"Burcu Özgül,&nbsp;Varujan Yücecan","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.06.109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.06.109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent research has demonstrated that burnout is considerably high among community pharmacists worldwide. Researchers call for conducting research to prevent burnout among community pharmacists and take action. The current work considers this call.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study tries to understand how burnout can be reduced among community pharmacists. To this end, it aims to fill the gap in the literature by investigating the mediating role of occupational identification in the relationship between occupational self-efficacy and burnout among community pharmacists.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The unit of analysis in this study is the individual level. To test the research model, data were collected from community pharmacists registered with the 1st Region Istanbul Chamber of Pharmacists via Google Form between July and November 2023 using the survey method. The survey was answered by 432 participants, and 383 useable data were analyzed using the Smart PLS 4 analysis program.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis found that both occupational self-efficacy (β = −0.187, p = 0.000) and occupational identification (β = −0.805, p = 0.000) negatively affect burnout. Furthermore, the analysis results demonstrated that occupational self-efficacy positively affects occupational identification (β = 0.165, p = 0.001). Finally, the partial mediating role of occupational identification in the relationship between occupational self-efficacy and burnout was confirmed (β = −0.133, p = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study showed that community pharmacists with strong occupational self-efficacy fully participate in their work and, thus, occupational commitment observed through occupational identification plays an essential role in protecting against burnout. Hence it is recommended that Faculties of Pharmacy, Pharmacists' Associations, and Provincial Chambers of Pharmacists develop training that will increase self-motivation on this issue in order to improve community pharmacists’ occupational self-efficacy and occupational identification levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 11","pages":"Pages 931-942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of generative artificial intelligence in responding to clinical queries on tapering antidepressants","authors":"Maeve Mac Oscar,&nbsp;Miriam Boland,&nbsp;Cathal Cadogan","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.06.107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.06.107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A substantial cohort of individuals rely on online resources, such as discussion forums, for support on tapering antidepressants. This study aimed to assess the performance of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in responding to clinical queries on tapering antidepressants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten queries on tapering antidepressants were developed based on previous research, prescribing guidelines, and online peer support forums. Queries covered areas including reasons for discontinuing antidepressants, tapering methods, withdrawal symptoms, and relapse. Each query was submitted to ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA) using the GPT-4 model as an independent standalone query using standardised prompts. Responses were evaluated in terms of relevance, accuracy, completeness, and clarity by two researchers working independently.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GPT-4 responses to all tapering queries were considered relevant and within scope. Most responses (8/10) incorporated safety netting by emphasising the importance of consulting healthcare professionals before making any medication changes. The overall accuracy, completeness, and clarity of responses compared less favourably. The response to a query on hyperbolic tapering had the least favourable assessment. This was due to inaccuracies as the response incorrectly referred to logarithmic reductions and provided inaccurate examples of fixed dosage reductions. Several instances of AI hallucinations were identified, including fabricated references.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Generative AI is having a transformative impact on healthcare, including how healthcare professionals and patients access information about clinical queries, such as antidepressant tapering. The study findings show that GPT-4 was able to provide relevant and safety-conscious responses on antidepressant tapering. However, performance issues such as inconsistencies and inaccuracies in tapering recommendations highlight the important role that healthcare professionals continue to play in providing patients with clinically trained, professional support in safely managing health-related issues. Further research on developing AI evaluation tools is needed to ensure consistency in the approaches used in evaluating the performance of AI in addressing clinical queries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 11","pages":"Pages 924-930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}