{"title":"Time to baccalaureate degree in the labor market: Evidence from a field experiment","authors":"Michael D. Bloem","doi":"10.1002/pam.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.70010","url":null,"abstract":"I study whether the amount of time students take to complete their bachelor's degree affects labor outcomes after graduation using a resume-based field experiment. I randomly assign a time to degree of either 4 or 6 years to over 7,000 fictitious resumes of recent graduates and submit them to entry-level business jobs. Resumes listing degree completion in 6 years received 1% to 2% fewer employer responses than resumes indicating graduation in 4 years, which is not a statistically significant difference. There is also no difference in the effect of longer time to degree between resumes listing a more or less selective college. However, among jobs with relatively large applicant pools, resumes listing 6 years to degree receive 16% fewer responses.","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH ARTICLES","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/pam.22671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22671","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"44 2","pages":"359-363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How effective are behavioral interventions to increase the take-up of social benefits? A systematic review of field experiments","authors":"Pierre-Marc Daigneault, Mathieu Ouimet, Alexandre Fortin-Chouinard, Eriole Zita Nonki Tadida, Antoine Baby-Bouchard","doi":"10.1002/pam.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.70005","url":null,"abstract":"Non-take-up of social benefits is a significant policy issue caused by factors such as lack of awareness, compliance costs, and stigma. While public information campaigns, default options, and in-person assistance are increasingly used, their effectiveness remains poorly understood. This study provides a systematic review of field experiments evaluating nudges and simple behavioral interventions on program take-up. We analyzed 93 interventions from 35 studies published over nearly 20 years, predominantly focusing on major U.S. programs. We compared study characteristics, including sample and intervention types, and assessed study quality. Due to high heterogeneity, we did not conduct a meta-analysis but used forest plots and thematic summaries instead. Most studies reported a positive impact on program take-up, but not on program application. Two types of interventions were notable for their impact on program application and take-up: 1) providing and framing information; and 2) providing assistance. We discuss the limitations of this review, including the cost and safety of nudges and the implications of focusing on field experiments. We conclude that further research is needed on simpler interventions outside the U.S., as well as on compliance and psychological costs. Additionally, improving the quality and transparency of field experiments is essential.","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jae Yeon Kim, Pamela Herd, Sebastian Jilke, Donald Moynihan, Kerry Rodden
{"title":"Administrative checkpoints, burdens, and human-centered design: Increasing interview access to raise SNAP participation","authors":"Jae Yeon Kim, Pamela Herd, Sebastian Jilke, Donald Moynihan, Kerry Rodden","doi":"10.1002/pam.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.70007","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we describe the potential of human-centered design principles to identify burdens, reducing the effects of administrative checkpoints. Administrative checkpoints—mandatory requirements that must be satisfied in order to progress in an administrative process—have disproportionate negative effects in excluding the public from receiving public services. Mandatory interviews are one such checkpoint. Based on consultation with safety net clients and caseworkers, we designed a field experiment (<i>N</i> = 1,554) to minimize the exclusionary effects of mandatory interviews for SNAP applicants. Compared to a control group that received a traditional mailer reminder, SNAP applicants who also received texts reminding them of the interview and communicating flexible “interview anytime” scheduling options had a higher interview completion rate by 10 percentage points, a higher benefit-approval rate by 6 to 7 percentage points, and also completed interviews 3 to 4 days sooner. Follow-up surveys show that the text reminders reduced learning costs about the interview requirement and increased applicant confidence about their ability to manage the process.","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucy C. Sorensen, Andrea M. Headley, Stephen B. Holt
{"title":"On the margin: Who receives a juvenile referral in school and what effect does it have?","authors":"Lucy C. Sorensen, Andrea M. Headley, Stephen B. Holt","doi":"10.1002/pam.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.70009","url":null,"abstract":"Involvement with the juvenile justice system carries immense consequences both to detained youth and to society more broadly. Extant research on the “school-to-prison pipeline” has often focused on school disciplinary practices such as suspension with less attention on understanding the impact of school referrals to the juvenile justice system on students. Using novel administrative data from North Carolina, we link 3 years of individual educational and disciplinary infraction records to juvenile justice system records to identify the effect of juvenile justice referrals for school-based offenses on academic and behavioral outcomes. We find that, even for the same offense type and circumstance, relative to students only punished internally in the school, students referred to juvenile justice experience lower academic achievement and increased absenteeism, and are more likely to be involved in future disciplinary infractions and juvenile system contact. We show that these juvenile referrals are not inevitable and instead reflect a series of discretionary choices made by school administrators and law enforcement. Moreover, we find that female students, Black students, and economically disadvantaged students are more likely to receive referrals even for the same offense type and circumstances.","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breastfeeding and the return to work after childbirth of new mothers: Evidence from a baby formula scare","authors":"Limor Hatsor, Ity Shurtz","doi":"10.1002/pam.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.70003","url":null,"abstract":"We use a baby formula “food scare” in Israel in 2003 as a plausible natural experiment to study the causal relationship between breastfeeding and mothers’ return to work after childbirth. Analysis of administrative data covering the universe of births in the country shows that first-time mothers who gave birth shortly after the scare delayed their return to work. Their average months worked in the first 6 months after childbirth fell by about 11% relative to their counterparts in the previous year. Data from a major medical equipment lender in Israel indicates an increased likelihood of borrowing milk pumps, suggesting that the delay in returning to work was driven by an increase in breastfeeding. The results indicate that despite developments in technology and policy changes in recent decades, mothers still trade off work for the breastfeeding of their children.","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Citizenship question effects on household survey response","authors":"J. David Brown, Misty L. Heggeness","doi":"10.1002/pam.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.70004","url":null,"abstract":"Differential coverage across demographic groups in a census or survey can reduce the accuracy and representativeness of the resulting statistics. Researchers traditionally have used community-level measures to study response behavior and coverage, which can obscure patterns for small population groups. We illustrate this using household-level citizenship and immigration status. We construct household-level characteristics using administrative records for each address in a randomized control trial (RCT) survey that measured the effects of including a citizenship question on a decennial census questionnaire. Our results show that the self-response rate to the questionnaire without the citizenship question ranges from 70.4% in households with only U.S.-born non-Hispanic Whites to 27.5% in those with at least one likely undocumented person (a 42.9 percentage point gap). Including the citizenship question widens the gap by a statistically significant 2.4 percentage points. Compared to households with all U.S.-born non-Hispanic Whites, the household roster omission rate in households with at least one likely undocumented member is 6.0 times higher without the citizenship question and 10.4 times higher with the question. These patterns help explain why administrative record-based population data include more non-citizens than survey-based official statistics.","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green Gentrification and Environmental Injustice: A Complexity Approach to Policy by Heather E.Campbell, AdamEckerd, and YushimKim. Springer Cham, 2024, 202 pp., $179.99 (hardcover).","authors":"Shanti Gamper‐Rabindran","doi":"10.1002/pam.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.70006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erasing History: How Fascists Rewrite the Past to Control the Future by Jason Stanley. Simon & Schuster, 2024, 256 pp.","authors":"Valeria Umanets","doi":"10.1002/pam.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.70008","url":null,"abstract":"Click on the article title to read more.","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical issues in conducting distributional weighting in benefit-cost analysis","authors":"Daniel Acland, David Greenberg","doi":"10.1002/pam.22669","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pam.22669","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A commonly expressed concern about distributional weighting in benefit-cost analysis is that the informational burden is too high and the practical challenges insurmountable. In this paper, we address this concern by conducting distributional weighting on a number of real-world examples, covering a range of different types of policy impacts. We uncover and explore a number of methodological issues that arise in the process of distributional weighting and provide a simplified set of steps that we believe can be implemented by practitioners with a wide range of expertise. We conduct sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation to test the robustness of our estimates of weighted net benefits to the various assumptions we make, and find that, in general, distributional weighting is no more vulnerable to modeling assumptions and parameter selection than unweighted benefit-cost analysis itself. We conclude that the concern about the practicability of distributional weighting is, at least in a range of important cases, unfounded.</p>","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"44 2","pages":"632-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}