Bradley T. Erford, Xi Zhang, Elizabeth L. Sweeting, Mia Russo, Anna Rashid, Martin F. Sherman, Emily L. Bradford, Xinran Wang, Allison Gao, Xinlei Huang, Ziyi Liu, Allie Haskew, Erin MacInerney, Ellery Moore, Daryn Thompson, Stephanie Barboza, Xinran Huang, Anqi Zhou, Yikai Xu, Yuxin Liu, Shagyuan Xu, Lingxiao Chen, Xianya Yang, Mengxuan Tong, Jieyi Ding, Xinya Yang
{"title":"A 25-Year Review and Psychometric Synthesis of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) – Form M","authors":"Bradley T. Erford, Xi Zhang, Elizabeth L. Sweeting, Mia Russo, Anna Rashid, Martin F. Sherman, Emily L. Bradford, Xinran Wang, Allison Gao, Xinlei Huang, Ziyi Liu, Allie Haskew, Erin MacInerney, Ellery Moore, Daryn Thompson, Stephanie Barboza, Xinran Huang, Anqi Zhou, Yikai Xu, Yuxin Liu, Shagyuan Xu, Lingxiao Chen, Xianya Yang, Mengxuan Tong, Jieyi Ding, Xinya Yang","doi":"10.1002/jcad.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator – Form M (MBTI-M) is the most popular personality assessment used by professional counselors and taught in counselor education programs. Still, little is known about MBTI-M score reliability and validity beyond what is published in the test manual. This psychometric synthesis aggregated the results across 193 studies from 1999 to 2024 using the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Form M. Internal consistency was 0.845–0.921 across subscales and total scores. Convergent evidence with similar constructs were robust across six personality instruments. Proportions of types and subtypes were aggregated from 178 articles with an aggregated <i>n</i> of 57,170 participants and compared to the normative proportions (<i>n</i> = 3009) published in the manual. Structural validity and test-retest studies were absent from the 25-year literature sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":48104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Counseling and Development","volume":"103 4","pages":"403-417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcad.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"English-as-an-Additional-Language Counselor Trainees’ Professional Identity: The Relationship With Their Language Proficiency, Foreign Language Anxiety, and Acculturation","authors":"Yiying Xiong, Hsin-Ya Tang, Yuan Sui, Qiyang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jcad.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the professional identity development of English-as-an-additional-language counselor trainees (EAL CTs) and its relationship with foreign language anxiety (FLA), acculturation, and language proficiency. Findings revealed that professional identity was positively associated with mainstream acculturation, heritage acculturation, and language proficiency but negatively associated with FLA. Language proficiency mediated the relationship between mainstream acculturation and professional identity, highlighting the foundational role of language proficiency. These results emphasize the importance of fostering bicultural competence, addressing FLA, and providing language support in counselor training programs to enhance EAL CTs’ professional development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Counseling and Development","volume":"103 4","pages":"496-507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robtrice Brawner, Norma L. Day-Vines, Sarah Gubara, Courtney Agorsor, Zainab Jackson, Tongyao Ran, Nyki Caldwell
{"title":"Perceptions of Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Ruptures in Counseling: A Qualitative Case Study of a Client From a Minoritized Background","authors":"Robtrice Brawner, Norma L. Day-Vines, Sarah Gubara, Courtney Agorsor, Zainab Jackson, Tongyao Ran, Nyki Caldwell","doi":"10.1002/jcad.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ruptures resulting from racial microaggressions occurring during treatment have a negative impact on clients from minoritized backgrounds. Although racial microaggressions are widely understood as offensive comments targeting one's race, scholars maintain that not broaching or avoiding discussions regarding the client's race, ethnicity, and culture also constitutes microaggressive acts. Few studies have unpacked clients’ experiences of therapeutic ruptures caused by racial microaggressions. The current study used consensual qualitative research—case study (CQR-C) to examine the cultural rupture experience of a young Somali-Dutch American immigrant with her counselor. Results suggest that ruptures stemming from racial microaggressions in which the counselor ignored the client's racial, ethnic, and cultural factors impeded the development of the therapeutic alliance and more favorable counseling outcomes. These relational fissures contributed to the client's emotional distress and subsequent premature termination. Limitations, clinical implications, and future research and training directions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Counseling and Development","volume":"103 4","pages":"484-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcad.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Educator–Counselor School Counseling Supervision Model","authors":"Derron Hilts, Ian Levy","doi":"10.1002/jcad.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given their distinct educator–counselor (EC) identity and the persistent issues of role ambiguity, conflict, and confusion among school counselors, there is a need for supervisory strategies employed during preparatory training that emphasize the integration of this nondual, nonhierarchical identity. Since their graduate coursework and university supervision are often provided by those from clinical mental health backgrounds, field placement supervision becomes even more critical in cultivating emerging school counselors’ EC identity. This paper introduces the educator–counselor school counseling supervision model (ECSCSM), which outlines the roles, focus areas, and corresponding school counseling contexts that supervisors can target to foster a unified EC identity. We include an illustrative table demonstrating the application of the ECSCSM.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Counseling and Development","volume":"103 4","pages":"389-402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danielle Pester Boyd, Danica G. Hays, Laura K. Jones
{"title":"Assessing and Addressing Social Determinants of Mental Health in Counseling: A Grounded Theory Investigation","authors":"Danielle Pester Boyd, Danica G. Hays, Laura K. Jones","doi":"10.1002/jcad.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This grounded theory study investigated effective factors for assessing and addressing social determinants of mental health (SDMH) within counseling. Professional counselors (<i>N</i> = 20) self-identifying with expertise in assessing and addressing SDMH shared their practices through individual semistructured interviews. The social determinants-based counseling model (SDCM) emphasized five key action strategies: broaching SDMH with clients, maximizing cultural competence, contextualizing interventions, fostering client self-advocacy, and sustaining community-embedded resources. In addition, the SDCM shows the contextual and intervening conditions that influence these strategies, leading to short-term, intermediate, and long-term outcomes of SDMH best practices. This study offers an empirically grounded counseling model that equips professional counselors to assess and address SDMH, promoting equity and improved mental health outcomes through culturally responsive, community-embedded practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Counseling and Development","volume":"103 4","pages":"469-483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine E. McVay, Devon E. Romero, Priscilla Rose Prasath, Christopher Leeth
{"title":"Rural Counseling Competencies: A Delphi Study","authors":"Katherine E. McVay, Devon E. Romero, Priscilla Rose Prasath, Christopher Leeth","doi":"10.1002/jcad.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study utilized expert consensus to develop counseling competencies for rural practicing counselors, acknowledging the unique challenges of rural counseling. Employing the Delphi method, the study engaged 15 expert panelists across three rounds to identify and refine essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes and beliefs necessary for effective practice in rural settings. The initial round gathered qualitative input on necessary competencies, which informed the development of 96 competency statements evaluated for their essentialness in subsequent rounds. The consensus reached on these statements highlights key competencies crucial for rural counseling practice. The findings offer valuable insights for counselor educators, clinicians, and supervisors, providing a foundation for improving counselor preparation and practice in rural areas. The article concludes with discussions on limitations and recommendations for future research to further enhance rural counseling practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":48104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Counseling and Development","volume":"103 4","pages":"418-427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcad.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura G. Dunson Caputo, Cassandra A. Storlie, Jenny L. Cureton, Sharazazi Dyson
{"title":"Power, Interpersonal Trauma, and the Counseling Relationship: A Grounded Theory Analysis","authors":"Laura G. Dunson Caputo, Cassandra A. Storlie, Jenny L. Cureton, Sharazazi Dyson","doi":"10.1002/jcad.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this constructivist grounded theory analysis was to explore how adult women with histories of interpersonal trauma experience power within the counseling relationship. Using semi-structured interviews with 29 clients in counseling, concurrent data analysis and collection resulted in a process theory composed of seven categories and one core category. Categories included <i>Sociocultural Mental Health Factors, Past Experiences of Power, Choosing Counseling, Assessing for Safety and Fit, Advocating for Needs, Reliving Disempowerment</i>, and <i>Reclaiming Power</i>. Participants’ experience of power was summarized by the core category, <i>Practicing Personal Power in Connection with Others</i>, which represented the model's central concepts. The constructed process theory informs counseling practice with clients who have experienced interpersonal trauma by presenting a model for how clients enact their power. Implications include strategies for addressing power within the counseling relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":48104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Counseling and Development","volume":"103 4","pages":"457-468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcad.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Exploration of the Impact of the School Counseling Equity Fellowship on School Counselors","authors":"Clare Merlin-Knoblich, Brooke Graham, Skylar Clark, Sharon Song, Sherée Harper","doi":"10.1002/jcad.12566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diversity of all kinds has increased in the United States, yet systems of oppression and discrimination continue to persist in K–12 schools, negatively impacting student mental health and academic outcomes. School counselors are well-positioned to address oppression and discrimination, but all school counselors do not actively work to reduce bias or implement social justice initiatives. To cultivate anti-oppressive, social justice efforts among school counselors, we implemented the School Counseling Equity Fellowship (SCEF), a yearlong, cohort-based professional development program. Employing a qualitative case study approach, we used participant interviews and journal entries to explore how participation in the SCEF influenced participants’ work as school counselors. Findings indicated that participants were different after the SCEF because they cultivated a community of like-minded people, gained awareness and learning, implemented new social justice behaviors, and made plans for future initiatives. Based on these findings, we provide implications for school counselor educators and leaders.</p>","PeriodicalId":48104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Counseling and Development","volume":"103 4","pages":"442-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcad.12566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-Athletic Career Profiles in Adulthood: Identity Formation and Well-Being of Former NCAA Division I and II Intercollegiate Athletes","authors":"Elodie Wendling, Michael Sagas","doi":"10.1002/jcad.12565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12565","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most intercollegiate athletes face a dual transition upon college graduation: transitioning from high-level competitive sport and entering adulthood. Athletes’ distinct developmental concerns caused by years of devotion to sport combined with the impact of positive identity development on subsequent career transitions led us to assess career identity formation profiles of former athletes during adulthood. We also investigated how resulting profiles differ according to well-being to distinguish well-adjusted profiles from maladaptive ones. Through cluster analyses, nine profiles emerged from a sample of 451 former intercollegiate athletes, with variants in moratorium illustrating a more incremental process of career exploration. New variants distinguished between intrinsically and extrinsically motivated commitments. While expressive achievement (9.6% of the sample) emerged as the most optimal profile, troubled diffusion (12.9%) and preliminary moratorium (11.3%) were the most maladaptive statuses, indicating severe identity confusion. Implications for research on former athletes’ career identity development and sport counseling practice are discussed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Counseling and Development","volume":"103 4","pages":"428-441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Reece McLain, G. Michael Russo, Cian L. Brown, Sarah McKenzie, H. Michael Crowson
{"title":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of Adventure Therapy in Anxiety-Related Disorders: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"J. Reece McLain, G. Michael Russo, Cian L. Brown, Sarah McKenzie, H. Michael Crowson","doi":"10.1002/jcad.12563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12563","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of adventure therapy (AT) in the treatment of individuals with symptoms of anxiety-related disorders. This study reports findings from a comprehensive literature search, including 15 databases/repositories and seven key journal-specific searches. Studies were evaluated using standardized mean difference (SMD) and were assessed for risk of bias using funnel plot, fail-safe <i>N</i>, and trim and fill analysis. Twelve studies, containing a total of 21 effect sizes, were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of AT in decreasing symptoms of anxiety-related disorders (<i>N</i> = 2083), yielding a mean effect size of <i>SMD</i> = −0.56 (<i>CI95</i> = −0.72, −0.39; <i>PI95</i> = −1.25, 0.14). This meta-analysis provides evidence suggesting the effectiveness of AT in reducing symptoms associated with anxiety-related disorders. Support for AT as an evidence-based practice informs legislative and insurance policies, funding mechanisms for programming, and counselor training and credentialing. Our findings suggest that AT programs are effective in reducing anxiety-related disorder symptoms and underscore the need for increased support from legislative and insurance policies to increase client accessibility, an increase in funding mechanisms for AT programs across client settings, and the provision of more formal counselor training and credentialing.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48104,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Counseling and Development","volume":"103 3","pages":"373-386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}