{"title":"Population Ageing and Entrepreneurship: Theory and Evidence From OECD Countries","authors":"Rui Zhang, Mengyao Kang","doi":"10.1111/jors.12754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12754","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper studies how population ageing affects individuals' choice between entrepreneurship and employment with enterprises. We develop a theoretical model where individuals are different in their entrepreneurial ability. A representative worker integrates the professional status of all workers as: (1) a younger worker, (2) an older worker, and (3) a retiree. Entrepreneurs and workers are required to pay taxes to contribute to the pension fund. We find that a higher proportion of the elderly population leads to a lower proportion of individuals choosing to become entrepreneurs because of a higher tax burden. A higher pension replacement rate also discourages individuals from starting a business. Using data from <i>OECD. Stat</i>, <i>Eurostat</i>, and <i>the World Bank</i> database, our empirical results support the model's predictions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Regional Science","volume":"65 3","pages":"586-602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regional Dependencies and Local Spillovers: Insights From Commuter Flows","authors":"Melanie Krause, Sebastian Kripfganz","doi":"10.1111/jors.12752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12752","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A region's growth trajectory is influenced by the economic circumstances of other regions in its proximity. While proximity is often understood in a geographic sense, economic connectivity can take many different forms. In particular, shock transmission processes between regions are inherently asymmetric and heterogeneous, which is not captured by geographic proximity measures. As a potential channel for economic dependencies, we consider cross-regional commuter flows. Commuters, who spend a substantial portion of their income in a different place from where they earn it, connect peripheral regions to economic centers. In an econometric framework, we estimate time-space dynamic panel models with German county-level data. Given those estimates, we demonstrate a considerable variation in the spatial distribution of shock responses from using alternative proxies for spatial dependency, which is hidden by the traditional focus on average marginal effects. Local spatial multipliers differ depending on the nature and origin of the shock and the assumed network structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":48059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Regional Science","volume":"65 3","pages":"565-585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jors.12752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamara Fioroni, Andrea Mario Lavezzi, Giovanni Trovato
{"title":"Organized Crime, Corruption, and Economic Growth","authors":"Tamara Fioroni, Andrea Mario Lavezzi, Giovanni Trovato","doi":"10.1111/jors.12751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12751","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we study the relationship between organized crime, corruption, and economic growth on a data set from Italian regions for the period 1996–2013. Our working hypothesis is that organized crime can embezzle part of the public expenditure aimed at productive uses by threatening and bribing public officers. To assess the consequences for regional growth we estimate a finite mixture covariate measurement model and find that the relationship between public expenditure and per capita GDP is characterized by parameter heterogeneity. Specifically, regions are partitioned in clusters identified by the initial level of organized crime. The effect of public expenditure on per capita GDP differs across clusters of regions: in the regions with the higher levels of organized crime public expenditure has a negative effect on per capita GDP, and the estimated share of embezzled public expenditure is higher, amounting to approximately 10% of its book value. Differently, in the regions with lower levels of organized crime the effect of public expenditure on per capita GDP is positive and the estimated share of embezzled public expenditure is lower. The empirical analysis is shown to be consistent with a theoretical growth model à la Barro (1990) augmented by corruption orchestrated by organized crime.</p>","PeriodicalId":48059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Regional Science","volume":"65 2","pages":"535-560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jors.12751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Leicht, Massimo Giovanardi, William Darler, Mihalis Kavaratzis
{"title":"The Role of Resident-Place Identification in Mediating Consumption Localism and Mobility Intentions","authors":"Thomas Leicht, Massimo Giovanardi, William Darler, Mihalis Kavaratzis","doi":"10.1111/jors.12749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12749","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Residents' personal identification with places (regions, cities, towns, and so on) and with what places are supposed to stand for often determines their place-supportive attitudes and behaviors. However, little is known about how residents' identification with the characteristics of places and their adoption of place-related norms and values specifically affect residential mobility intentions and pro-local consumption tendencies, which are key topics in many spatial development plans and place marketing. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by using a structural equation modeling approach and a cross-place survey in Germany with 612 residents. The findings show that resident-place identification, on the basis of residential need satisfaction, increases residents' intentions to stay in a place and pro-local consumption preferences. These findings suggest that spatial planners and public managers can support the socioeconomic development of cities and regions and increase residents' willingness to stay in a place by strengthening their individual identification with places. We discuss the implications of our findings for the marketing and branding of places.</p>","PeriodicalId":48059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Regional Science","volume":"65 2","pages":"518-534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jors.12749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Heterogeneous Effects of EU Structural Funds: A Spatial VAR Approach","authors":"Sergio Destefanis, Valter Di Giacinto","doi":"10.1111/jors.12748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12748","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper focuses on the impact of EU structural funds (SFs) on the GDP per capita of 183 European NUTS-2 regions throughout the 1990–2018 period. To allow for the endogeneity of funds allocation to regions, we estimate a bivariate structural panel VAR model, including a rich menu of control variables. Our main identifying restriction is based on the widely documented long lags affecting the implementation of EU's cohesion policy. Through a spatial VAR specification, we also estimate spillovers from local SF expenditure on other areas. We find highly significant multipliers measuring the local response of GDP to an exogenous shock in local SF expenditure, with a long-run value settling at 2.7. Spillovers for GDP from an exogenous shock to SFs are also positive and significant, but much smaller (about one-fifth of the within-region responses). When partitioning our sample according to features suggested by the literature (stage of development, EU funding regimes, size), we find that within-region multipliers are higher in lagging regions, especially if located in countries supported by the Cohesion Fund, and in regions with a larger population. Spillovers are also heterogeneous across different groups of regions, turning out to be negative in regions belonging to countries not supported by the Cohesion Fund. This evidence is largely validated in qualitative terms by refinements of the analysis concerned with the choice of proximity matrices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Regional Science","volume":"65 2","pages":"497-517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José L. Zofío, Jorge Díaz-Lanchas, Damiaan Persyn, Javier Barbero
{"title":"Estimating National and Foreign Trade Elasticities Using Generalized Transport Costs","authors":"José L. Zofío, Jorge Díaz-Lanchas, Damiaan Persyn, Javier Barbero","doi":"10.1111/jors.12746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12746","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We introduce the definition of two distinct trade elasticities corresponding to imports from regions located in the same country (national elasticities) and foreign regions located in other countries (foreign elasticities). We resort to a three-tier nested CES utility structure to derive the corresponding demand gravity equations. In absence of tariffs within single markets, we identify and recover the elasticities through a precise measure of generalized transport cost that combines economic, engineering, and logistic criteria. Results using PPML estimation methods on EU trade data show that national elasticities double in value their foreign counterparts. Our estimates allow revisiting previous results on border effects, gains from trade, and CGEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Regional Science","volume":"65 2","pages":"471-496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jors.12746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridging Innovation Distances: High-Speed Rail and Patent Agency Utilization in China","authors":"Xiaokang Wu, Jinping Yu","doi":"10.1111/jors.12750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12750","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Innovation intermediaries are instrumental in enhancing the efficacy of the innovation process, yet their accessibility tends to be geographically restricted, particularly in underdeveloped regions. This study examines whether the development of transportation infrastructure can alleviate these spatial frictions, promoting cross-regional utilization of intermediary services and subsequently improving innovation outcomes. Leveraging a unique database on patent agency utilization for all invention patents in China from 2003 to 2019, and employing high-speed rail (HSR) as a natural experiment, we estimate a staggered difference-in-difference model at the city-pair level. Our findings suggest that reductions in transportation costs lead to a substantial increase in cross-city PAU after HSR connection, especially in sectors with higher technology sophistication requiring more face-to-face interactions between inventors and agents. This research uncovers a novel mechanism through which HSR influences innovation and provides policy implications for optimizing innovation intermediaries through infrastructure development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Regional Science","volume":"65 2","pages":"446-470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacopo Canello, Francesco Vidoli, Elisa Fusco, Nicoletta Giudice
{"title":"Identifying and Mapping Industrial Districts Through a Spatially Constrained Cluster-Wise Regression Approach","authors":"Jacopo Canello, Francesco Vidoli, Elisa Fusco, Nicoletta Giudice","doi":"10.1111/jors.12743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12743","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this article is to exploit an innovative spatial econometric approach to map and study the evolving patterns of industrial districts (IDs). The procedure can be classified as a <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math>-means cluster-wise regression procedure and is designed to detect homogeneous areas of subcontracting activity. These spatially contiguous aggregations of subcontractors are identified in terms of production function homogeneity and are defined as spatial regimes. Using this procedure, it is possible to detect two important sources of agglomeration economies that are commonly associated with the presence of an industrial district. The methodology is tested on a sample of Italian micro and small-sized subcontracting firms operating in the footwear industry, showing its effectiveness in identifying the most commonly known IDs in this sector. Most ID regimes are persistent over time, despite the high turnover rates in the local subcontracting population after the 2008 financial crisis. These results can be explained by the presence of locally rooted competencies and context-specific knowledge bases that persist despite the changing actors operating in the locality. Our evidence also shows that location in an ID does not necessarily entail benefits in terms of performance for subcontracting firms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Regional Science","volume":"65 2","pages":"403-428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jors.12743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federica Antonaglia, Elina De Simone, Lorenzo Dorato, Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta, Mauro Pinto
{"title":"The Effect of Natural Disasters on Inbound Tourism: Synthetic Control Evidence From Italy","authors":"Federica Antonaglia, Elina De Simone, Lorenzo Dorato, Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta, Mauro Pinto","doi":"10.1111/jors.12745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12745","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study enhances the expanding but still limited body of evidence concerning the influence of natural hazards on tourism. We augment prior scholarly investigations by scrutinizing the repercussions of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake on incoming tourism, thereby addressing an existing void in the literature regarding the ramifications of extreme events on high-income nations such as Italy. Moreover, our contribution is novel in its application of the quasi-experimental Synthetic Control Method within the realm of tourism research. Our findings underscore the enduringly deleterious consequences of the L'Aquila hazard on tourism, persisting over a protracted temporal horizon. In particular, the analysis shows a drop in overnight stays with a pronounced effect on hotel accommodations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Regional Science","volume":"65 2","pages":"429-445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Uneven Effect of Airbnb on the Housing Market: Evidence Across and Within Italian Cities","authors":"Raffaele Congiu, Flavio Pino, Laura Rondi","doi":"10.1111/jors.12737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12737","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate if Airbnb diffusion affects residential property values differently across and within cities leveraging the heterogeneity of five Italian cities in terms of tourist attractiveness, local housing markets, and socioeconomic conditions. We find that Airbnb density growth leads to increases in house prices in all cities. Within-city, the impact is positive both in centers and in the suburbs in more touristic towns, but only in the center in the others. Moreover, Airbnb may increase or decrease the center–periphery price gap. Our results suggest that the different impact of Airbnb on housing submarkets is driven by local disparity conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Regional Science","volume":"65 2","pages":"339-377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jors.12737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}