Katarzyna Kochaniak, Michał Bernard Pietrzak, Oksana Khymovych
{"title":"Return Intentions Under Temporary Protection: Theoretical Perspectives on Migrant Households","authors":"Katarzyna Kochaniak, Michał Bernard Pietrzak, Oksana Khymovych","doi":"10.1111/imig.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines return intentions among surveyed Ukrainian households under temporary protection in Poland through neoclassical, NELM, structural and social network lenses. Using cross-sectional data (purposive sample; <i>N</i> = 1113) and econometric modelling, we identify three overlapping foundations of return intentions: economic factors (labour market difficulties and financial concerns), structural conditions (institutional and resource contexts, including humanitarian and integration-oriented assistance) and relational drivers (strong family ties in Ukraine). As prior research links return intentions to subsequent return behaviour, our findings provide a tentative reference point for policy discussions addressing the economic, institutional and relational dimensions of migration: for Ukraine, on tailoring reintegration support to households' economic preparedness, facilitating sector-specific reintegration among those willing and able to return where security allows, and supporting family and community reconnection; and for Poland, on linking short-term humanitarian aid to targeted integration support and examining reasons for non-participation in integration-oriented programmes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148065716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Protracted Liminality to Fractured Homecoming: Intrafamilial Bargaining and the Limits of Voluntary Repatriation for Syrians in Turkey","authors":"Şakir Dinçşahin, Ahmet İçduygu","doi":"10.1111/imig.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This essay examines how intrafamilial bargaining and patriarchal hierarchies shape decisions about return among Syrians under Turkey's Temporary Protection Regime, particularly after the December 2024 collapse of the Assad regime and the expansion of return programming. Drawing on fieldwork in Turkey and Syria, it argues that macro-level depictions of “voluntary” repatriation obscure household-level dynamics in which men, women and youth hold divergent priorities and unequal power. Three empirical patterns recur: male-led collective returns that generate intra-household conflict and covert resistance; fragmented returns in which some family members relocate while others remain to diversify risks; and nominal household consent that masks women's constrained agency and heightens their post-return vulnerability. The essay shows that voluntariness, safety, and sustainability—core criteria of normative return frameworks—are compromised when return choices are shaped by gendered authority and intergenerational expectations. The essay critiques macro-level measures of “successful” repatriation for overlooking these micro-dynamics and recommends new policy perspectives that recognise intra-household bargaining, ensure women's and youths' independent access to information and services, and integrate gendered security and education concerns into return planning.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148065715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designed for Control, Reproducing Informality: Lessons From Turkey's Labor Market Governance of Syrians","authors":"Omar Kadkoy","doi":"10.1111/imig.70175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The war in Syria and the forced displacement of millions of Syrians to Turkey triggered several policy challenges in the last 15 years, and one of them pertains to the Turkish labor market. The employment of Syrians under temporary protection (TP) reached a norm: widespread informality. While access to formal jobs became official in 2016, the policy design largely determined whether rights on paper translate into sustainable livelihoods, highlighting the importance of policy structure for long-term outcomes. A new amendment introduced in late 2024 aims to address informality through a work permit exemption, which, for Syrians under TP, would be selective.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148065399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}