International Migration最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy among multinational refugees and migrants in Jordan","authors":"Manal Ali,&nbsp;Mahmoud Salam","doi":"10.1111/imig.13279","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imig.13279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy among multinational refugees and migrants residing in various regions of Jordan. Drawing on an analysis of data collected from 636 participants in December 2021, only 58.2 per cent of the refugee community in Jordan received COVID-19 vaccines, knowing that vaccine hesitancy compromises vaccination campaign efforts to control the spread of the disease. In fact, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and local Jordanian authorities are well aware that, unless sufficiently vaccinated, the clustered populations of refugees and migrants might witness future infectious outbreaks similar to COVID-19. This study reveals that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is evident among the refugee and migrant populations, who are mainly sceptical of its efficiency and safety. Migrants and refugees also have a preference for certain types of COVID-19 vaccines. In light of the findings, future interventions are needed to mitigate their concerns and boost vaccine confidence. A more holistic policy approach should prioritize migrants and refugees who are female, unemployed, less educated, and/or have poor knowledge about COVID-19 and its vaccines. Unfortunately, imposing the COVID-19 vaccination as a compulsory measure has been poorly received by some migrants and refugees, making them more hesitant.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"62 4","pages":"57-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational adverse childhood experiences and adolescent migration aspirations in Nicaragua","authors":"Melissa Alcaraz,&nbsp;Kammi K. Schmeer,&nbsp;Abigail Weitzman","doi":"10.1111/imig.13284","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imig.13284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescents' aspirations are strong predictors of their future outcomes, including later migration experiences. Adversity also shapes aspirations for and decisions about the future. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are measures of early exposure to adversity and may be associated with migration aspirations, though this relationship is understudied. Given high rates of gender-based violence, single-headed households and economic insecurity, Nicaragua is an important context to study this relationship. Drawing on Nicaragua Health and Stress Study data, we estimate multinomial logistic regressions to examine the association between adolescents' and mothers' ACEs and adolescent migration aspirations. We find that mothers' ACEs, but not adolescents' ACEs, are positively associated with adolescent migration aspirations. We also find that girls are more likely than boys to aspire to migrate. Results highlight how family and gender work together to shape young people's migration goals, with important implications for migration flows within and outside Central America.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"62 5","pages":"19-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive social and medical security for Ukrainian migrant workers: Degree of protection","authors":"Olena M. Hanechko,&nbsp;Helena V. Pavlichenko,&nbsp;Volodymyr D. Bielousov,&nbsp;Hanna V. Platonova,&nbsp;Ol'ha A. Dyachenko","doi":"10.1111/imig.13280","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imig.13280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Labour migration is one of the features of the modern labour market. The development of transport infrastructure, the spread of non-standard forms of employment, the globalization of all spheres of human activity and the growing unevenness of territorial development led to an increase in the mobility of the economically active population. In addition, various environmental disasters or military actions, such as the Russian Federation's war against Ukraine in February 2022, have an impact on the spread of migration. Labour migration undoubtedly contributes to the redistribution of labour and the efficiency of human capital. At the same time, like most other manifestations of a flexible labour market, labour migration poses a threat to weakening the social protection of workers, and therefore requires new, non-standard approaches to the organization of social security. Several scientific methods were used to conduct the study, including general scientific approaches such as dialectic, analysis, synthesis, abstraction and analogy. In addition, specific legal methods were used, in particular, formal legal, comparative legal and systemic-structural approaches. The purpose of this article is to study the current state of legislation and state policy on the social security of labour migrants. The aim is to identify existing problems and develop recommendations for their solution with the ultimate goal of improving the social protection of labour migrants.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"62 4","pages":"82-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between war and peace: Exploring the role of refugee law in the context of Sudan political conflict","authors":"Abhilash Arun Sapre,&nbsp;Shalini Singh","doi":"10.1111/imig.13278","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imig.13278","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ongoing political turmoil gripping Sudan is fraught with violence between two opposing factions within its military government. This unsettling state of affairs has led to devastating consequences, including large-scale displacement of people and severe human rights violations, causing dire humanitarian consequences. Against this tumultuous backdrop, we explore how existing refugee law, one facet of international law governing refugees, can help bring relief amidst a volatile conflict zone. Examining complex legal questions ranging from determining who qualifies for asylum status through various geographic considerations to what role states play in securing basic protections for refugees fleeing persecution or war at home will be analysed herein. Further difficulties involving how these complex provisions protect refugees face hurdles due to practical factors like lack of resources or security concerns will be considered thoroughly. While recognizing that instituting legal reforms alone is not enough to address these complex crises due to various challenges of reasons ranging from political to practical, this paper concludes by putting forth strategic recommendations for improvement aimed towards bolstering resources and support mechanisms required for refugees across the region to ensure they can seize-hold of eventual solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"62 4","pages":"41-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural crisis, refugee crisis, or health crisis? Migrant seasonal workers in Italian agriculture during the COVID pandemic","authors":"Pietro Cingolani","doi":"10.1111/imig.13273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13273","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of crisis has been widely used to describe European social phenomena which have become acute and unmanageable in recent years. Exceptionality and emergency have become attributes of the political strategies developed to address the economic, social, and environmental unsustainability of industrial farming; the flow of forced migrants; and the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article is based on ethnographic data collected over more than 2 years among immigrant workers and their employers in northern Italy, before and during the spread of the pandemic. By relating the experience of the people involved and analysis of the structural dimensions, I show how the “refugeeization of the agricultural workforce” and the “normalization of precarity” are two interconnected and interdependent processes. My study contributes to the recent scientific debate on the “polycrisis” by highlighting how the agricultural crisis generated a demand for vulnerable migrant labour and this situation was exacerbated by the health crisis.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The buying of freedom: Migrant workers and the “Azad” Visa in the Persian Gulf1","authors":"Zahra Babar","doi":"10.1111/imig.13240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13240","url":null,"abstract":"The six monarchies of the Persian Gulf are considered to be the world's third largest hub of international migration, having over the decades drawn millions of labour migrants to occupy a range of jobs across all tiers of the labour market. Despite decades of an unabated inward flow of foreign workers, none of the regional governments consider themselves to be destinations for permanent settlement or immigration. To meet their domestic labour needs and simultaneously avoid becoming immigrant‐based societies, the Gulf States have developed elaborate mechanisms of migration control. The overarching goal of the much vilified “kafala” system has above all else been to ensure the temporariness of migrants' duration of stay. By tying migrants' visa status directly to their employer‐sponsors and to short duration work contracts, the Gulf states have managed to cycle workers in and out of the country without making an efforts towards integration or adding to their citizen population. However, the precarities, dependencies and immobilities this visa regime imposes on labour migrants has generated a phenomenon of migrants actively seeking means by which to evade it. This paper explores Pakistani migrants' efforts to gain “legal” entry into the Gulf labour markets through pursuing the “Azad” or “free” visa. These visas are in essence sold (at a fairly high cost) to potential migrants via the profit‐oriented transnational labour recruitment system that brings migrants from Asia to the Gulf.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141177587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holding the door slightly open: Germany's migrants' return intentions and realizations","authors":"Hend H. Sallam","doi":"10.1111/imig.13264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Return migration intentions are complex and are not necessarily followed by future return migration. This study compares successful return or repeated migration with self-declared return intentions. It takes advantage of the latest and unique German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) survey dropout studies and fieldwork to observe a wider return migration window than reported in the literature to answer the question of whether return migration intentions eventually coincided with actual emigration behaviours. Moreover, return migration estimates are examined over this long-observed return window. This empirical analysis explores (1) whether return intentions eventually materialize, (2) whether they can eventually predict actual return behaviours and (3) whether the determinants of actual and predicted return based on intentions are similar. Overall, my results support that migration intentions can predict actual return behaviour. While the underlying results show discrepancies in the predictors of return intentions and those of actual returns, they show emigration intentions as significant predictors of actual future emigration. Moreover, the findings suggest that life satisfaction significantly correlates with the individual intention to remigrate. Both effects are highly significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"62 3","pages":"73-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imig.13264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postmigrant thinking: Definition, critiques and a new offer","authors":"Gökçe Yurdakul","doi":"10.1111/imig.13269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13269","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Peggy Pietsche, one of the most prominent voices of Black women in Germany, is sitting next to me during the conference &lt;i&gt;Navigating the Changing Times of Gender, Sexuality, and Migration in Europe&lt;/i&gt; (2022). The conference poster, with beautiful figures and vibrant colours, is being projected on the auditorium screen as the plenary panel's backdrop. Pietsche leans towards me and remarks that the most problematic term in the conference title is ‘migration’. I look at her perplexed. I am a migration scholar and have done research on Turkish immigration to Germany for 20 years. Pietsche does not say more; the conference is about to start. As the speakers take their seats on the stage, her words are echoing in my mind: ‘the most problematic word in the conference title is &lt;i&gt;migration&lt;/i&gt;’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a migration scholar, I am aware of the problems that come with the term migration, and in the past, many scholars have criticized this term on methodological and theoretical grounds (Türkmen, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). When I use the term ‘migration’, I mean a movement of people from one country to another with the intention of settling or moving again. This binary thinking, however, does not capture the complexities of migration that begin after immigrants arrive. One of the more recent terms that has come into use as a better alternative to migration is ‘postmigration’, a term coined by a group of artists led by the Gorki Theatre's (and previously Ballhaus Naunynstrasse's) director Shermin Langhoff (&lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). Postmigration is both a theoretical framework and empirical fact: the term seeks to capture the complex socio-political dynamics that shape and are shaped by migration experiences, which in turn lead to the collective transformation of society through the act of migration (Foroutan, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I join a group of scholars who incorporate multidimensional ways of exploring migration processes while taking colonial history and postcolonial presence into account (Altay et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Römhild, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). A critical difference distinguishes the concepts of migration and postmigration: &lt;i&gt;Migration&lt;/i&gt;, as an analytical concept used to study people's movements, is limited to structural and contemporary conditions as well as normative categories. Postmigration focuses instead on how societies transform through migration. While analysing this transformation, a postmigrant framework is enhanced by engaging with migrants' experiences, historical legacies, cultural repertoires and colonial and postcolonial conditions. In this comparison, the postmigrant framework appears to take a more encompassing approach to analyse transformations through migration. The framework of postmigration has already been used widely in the German context, although it has received less recognition in other European or North American scholarship (see the research website for the German Center for Migration and Integration Research, www.dezi","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"62 3","pages":"120-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imig.13269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levitt, Peggy, Dobbs, Erica, Chich-Yan Sun, Ken, Paul, Ruxandra. 2023. Transnational Social Protection: Social Welfare Across National Borders. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 240.","authors":"Başak Bilecen","doi":"10.1111/imig.13272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13272","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Transnational Social Protection&lt;/i&gt; makes a significant contribution to the literature on international migration, welfare state, safety nets and social policy. It explores the dynamic interplay between international migrants and their families, highlighting their mutual support and protection amidst changing welfare state landscapes worldwide. It navigates the intricate conjunction where welfare states are scaling back, placing increasing responsibility on families for caregiving and protecting one another, all the while individuals embark on international journeys for education, employment, retirement or seeking health care, aiming to secure their own well-being and that of their loved ones. These macro-level shifts in state policies, societal structures and global economies, particularly amid rising inequalities, profoundly affect individuals and families worldwide. In line with existing literature, this book challenges the traditional, nationally bounded models of social protection in the context of increasing international migration, highlighting the need for a broader perspective in understanding social protection systems beyond national borders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Based on their previous work (Dobbs &amp; Levitt, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Levitt et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Paul, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;) and existing literature (Bilecen &amp; Barglowski, &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Faist, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Faist et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Ho et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), the authors introduce a novel concept in this book: ‘Hybrid transnational social protection’. The term ‘transnational’ encompasses not only the bi-directional interactions between countries of origin and destination but also extends to scenarios where individuals may undergo multiple migrations over their lifetimes, gaining access to multiple social protection systems. The authors argue to employ the term ‘hybrid’ to capture the diverse, flexible, and contingent nature of these arrangements. ‘Hybrid transnational social protection’ refers to a wide spectrum of policies, initiatives, individuals, organizations and institutions that cater to and safeguard individual migrants and their families across borders, irrespective of whether these movements are voluntary, forced, permanent, short-term or cyclical in nature. However, the author's'' decision to introduce the term ‘hybrid’ into the terminology raises some questions because earlier research on transnational social protection exactly advocated for similar ideas (e.g. Boccagni, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Serra Mingot &amp; Mazzucato, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). The distinct contribution that hybridity brings to this body of literature remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book features seven chapters, including introduction and conclusion. Five chapters explore crucial aspects of social protection across an individual's life, such as family caregiving, education, labour, health and ageing, all significant in shaping one's journey through social protection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first chapter ","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"62 3","pages":"140-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imig.13272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing migration studies and identity studies: The need for an alternative scientific lens","authors":"Ayhan Kaya","doi":"10.1111/imig.13271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"62 3","pages":"124-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}