Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied最新文献_第8页

Mitigating consequence insensitivity for genetically engineered crops. 减轻转基因作物的后果不敏感。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000451

Yoel Inbar, Gabi Waldhof

{"title":"Mitigating consequence insensitivity for genetically engineered crops.","authors":"Yoel Inbar, Gabi Waldhof","doi":"10.1037/xap0000451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000451","url":null,"abstract":"Many opponents of genetically engineered (GE) food say that it ought to be prohibited regardless of the risks and benefits (Scott et al., 2016). If many people are truly unwilling to consider risks and benefits in evaluating GE technology, this poses serious problems for scientists and policymakers. In a large demographically-representative German sample (N = 3,025), we investigate consequence-insensitive beliefs about GE crops among GE supporters and opponents, as well as whether these beliefs can be mitigated. We find that a large majority of opponents and a substantial minority of supporters are consequence-insensitive: They say that risks and benefits are irrelevant to their views. At the same time, the responses of consequence-insensitive participants to subsequent belief probes show substantial flexibility. Participants often gave responses inconsistent with the unconditional prohibition or permission of GE crops. These results suggest that professed consequence insensitivity should be taken as an expression of a strong moral belief rather than as literal endorsement of policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"584-598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9879550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cure effect: Individuals demand universal access for health treatments that claim to eliminate disease symptoms. 治疗效果:个人要求普遍获得声称可以消除疾病症状的健康治疗。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000479

Mathew S Isaac

引用次数: 0

Dynamic workload measurement and modeling: Driving and conversing. 动态工作量测量和建模:驱动和转换。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000431

Spencer C Castro, Andrew Heathcote, Joel M Cooper, David L Strayer

{"title":"Dynamic workload measurement and modeling: Driving and conversing.","authors":"Spencer C Castro, Andrew Heathcote, Joel M Cooper, David L Strayer","doi":"10.1037/xap0000431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000431","url":null,"abstract":"Tillman et al. (2017) used evidence-accumulation modeling to ascertain the effects of a conversation (either with a passenger or on a hands-free cell phone) on a drivers' mental workload. They found that a concurrent conversation increased the response threshold but did not alter the rate of evidence accumulation. However, this earlier research collapsed across speaking and listening components of a natural conversation, potentially masking any dynamic fluctuations associated with this dual-task combination. In the present study, a unique implementation of the detection response task was used to simultaneously measure the demands on the driver and the nondriver when they were speaking or when they were listening. We found that the natural ebb and flow of a conversation altered both the rate of evidence accumulation and the response threshold for drivers and nondrivers alike. The dynamic fluctuations in cognitive workload observed with this novel method illustrate how quickly the parameters of cognition are altered by real-time task demands. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"645-653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9869656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

AI composer bias: Listeners like music less when they think it was composed by an AI. 人工智能作曲家偏见:当听众认为音乐是由人工智能创作时，他们就不那么喜欢音乐了。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000447

Daniel B Shank, Courtney Stefanik, Cassidy Stuhlsatz, Kaelyn Kacirek, Amy M Belfi

{"title":"AI composer bias: Listeners like music less when they think it was composed by an AI.","authors":"Daniel B Shank, Courtney Stefanik, Cassidy Stuhlsatz, Kaelyn Kacirek, Amy M Belfi","doi":"10.1037/xap0000447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000447","url":null,"abstract":"The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to compose music is becoming mainstream. Yet, there is a concern that listeners may have biases against AIs. Here, we test the hypothesis that listeners will like music less if they think it was composed by an AI. In Study 1, participants listened to excerpts of electronic and classical music and rated how much they liked the excerpts and whether they thought they were composed by an AI or human. Participants were more likely to attribute an AI composer to electronic music and liked music less that they thought was composed by an AI. In Study 2, we directly manipulated composer identity by telling participants that the music they heard (electronic music) was composed by an AI or by a human, yet we found no effect of composer identity on liking. We hypothesized that this was due to the \"AI-sounding\" nature of electronic music. Therefore, in Study 3, we used a set of \"human-sounding\" classical music excerpts. Here, participants liked the music less when it was purportedly composed by an AI. We conclude with implications of the AI composer bias for understanding perception of AIs in arts and aesthetic processing theories more broadly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"676-692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Easily accessible but easily forgettable: How ease of access to information online affects cognitive miserliness. 容易获取但容易遗忘:网络信息获取的方便性如何影响认知吝啬。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000412

Esther Kang

{"title":"Easily accessible but easily forgettable: How ease of access to information online affects cognitive miserliness.","authors":"Esther Kang","doi":"10.1037/xap0000412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000412","url":null,"abstract":"Ubiquitous Internet access has provided easy access to information and has influenced users' attention and knowledge management. In an online information service context, this research examines how the perception of easy access to information affects strategies to learn two types of information: \"what it is\" and \"how to access it.\" This study also examines how the learning process is moderated by individual differences in working memory capacity, which can determine efficient management of attentional resources. The results show that individuals, especially those who rank high in working memory capacity, are less likely to remember the details but are more likely to remember how to access the information (e.g., a keyword for a search engine query). Those with higher working memory capacity are also more likely to ensure easy access to information by subscribing to information sources. The findings suggest that cognitive miserliness is not due to users' lack of cognitive capacity but to the accessibility of online information and efficient execution of attentional resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"620-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10236863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Political and nonpolitical belief change elicits behavioral change. 政治和非政治信仰的改变会引发行为的改变。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000455

Madalina Vlasceanu, Casey E McMahon, Jay J Van Bavel, Alin Coman

{"title":"Political and nonpolitical belief change elicits behavioral change.","authors":"Madalina Vlasceanu, Casey E McMahon, Jay J Van Bavel, Alin Coman","doi":"10.1037/xap0000455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000455","url":null,"abstract":"Beliefs have long been theorized to predict behaviors and thus have been the target of many interventions aimed at changing false beliefs in the population. But does changing beliefs translate into predictable changes in behaviors? Here, we investigated the impact of belief change on behavioral change across two experiments (N = 576). Participants rated the accuracy of a set of health-related statements and chose corresponding campaigns to which they could donate funds in an incentivized-choice task. They were then provided with relevant evidence in favor of the correct statements and against the incorrect statements. Finally, they rated the accuracy of the initial set of statements again and were given a chance to change their donation choices. We found that evidence changed beliefs and this, in turn, led to behavioral change. In a preregistered follow-up experiment, we replicated these findings with politically charged topics and found a partisan asymmetry in the effect, such that belief change triggered behavioral change only for Democrats on Democratic topics, but not for Democrats on Republican topics or for Republicans on either topic. We discuss the implications of this work in the context of interventions aimed at stimulating climate action or preventative health behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"467-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10238464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing vaccine hesitancy by explaining vaccine science. 通过解释疫苗科学来减少对疫苗的犹豫。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000464

Susan Joslyn, Chao Qin, Jee Hoon Han, Sonia Savelli, Nidhi Agrawal

{"title":"Reducing vaccine hesitancy by explaining vaccine science.","authors":"Susan Joslyn, Chao Qin, Jee Hoon Han, Sonia Savelli, Nidhi Agrawal","doi":"10.1037/xap0000464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000464","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccine hesitancy in the COVID-19 pandemic remained a problem long after mRNA vaccines became available. This may be due in part to misunderstandings about the vaccines, arising from complexities of the science involved. Two experiments, conducted on unvaccinated Americans at two periods postvaccine rollout in 2021, demonstrated that providing explanations, expressed in everyday language, and correcting known misunderstandings, reduced vaccine hesitancy compared to a no-information control group. Four explanations addressing misunderstandings about mRNA vaccine safety and effectiveness were tested in Experiment 1 (n = 3,787). Some included expository text while others included refutational text, explicitly stating and refuting the misunderstanding. Vaccine effectiveness statistics were expressed either as text or an icon array. Although all four explanations reduced vaccine hesitancy, the refutational format of those addressing vaccine safety (explaining the mRNA mechanism and mild side effects) was the most effective. These two explanations were retested individually and jointly in Experiment 2 (n = 1,476) later in the summer of 2021. Again, vaccine hesitancy was significantly reduced by all explanations despite differences in political ideology, trust, and prior attitudes. These results suggest that nontechnical explanations of critical issues in vaccine science can reduce vaccine hesitancy, especially when accompanied by refutational text. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"489-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 vaccine skeptics are persuaded by pro-vaccine expert consensus messaging. COVID-19疫苗怀疑论者被支持疫苗的专家共识信息说服。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000467

Michał Białek, Ethan A Meyers, Patrícia Arriaga, Damian Harateh, Arkadiusz Urbanek

引用次数: 0

Number lines can be more effective at facilitating adults' performance on health-related ratio problems than risk ladders and icon arrays. 在帮助成年人解决与健康相关的比率问题方面，数轴比风险阶梯和图标数组更有效。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000456

Marta K Mielicki, Charles J Fitzsimmons, Lauren K Schiller, Dan Scheibe, Jennifer M Taber, Pooja G Sidney, Percival G Matthews, Erika A Waters, Karin G Coifman, Clarissa A Thompson

{"title":"Number lines can be more effective at facilitating adults' performance on health-related ratio problems than risk ladders and icon arrays.","authors":"Marta K Mielicki, Charles J Fitzsimmons, Lauren K Schiller, Dan Scheibe, Jennifer M Taber, Pooja G Sidney, Percival G Matthews, Erika A Waters, Karin G Coifman, Clarissa A Thompson","doi":"10.1037/xap0000456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000456","url":null,"abstract":"Visual displays, such as icon arrays and risk ladders, are often used to communicate numerical health information. Number lines improve reasoning with rational numbers but are seldom used in health contexts. College students solved ratio problems related to COVID-19 (e.g., number of deaths and number of cases) in one of four randomly assigned conditions: icon arrays, risk ladders, number lines, or no accompanying visual display. As predicted, number lines facilitated performance on these problems-the number line condition outperformed the other visual display conditions, which did not perform any better than the no visual display condition. In addition, higher performance on the health-related ratio problems was associated with higher COVID-19 worry for oneself and others, higher perceptions of COVID-19 severity, and higher endorsement of intentions to engage in preventive health behaviors, even when controlling for baseline math skills. These findings have important implications for effectively presenting health statistics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"529-543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9876403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Does nuclear energy produce neodymium? Negative perception of nuclear energy drives the assumption that it is polluting. 核能会产生钕吗?对核能的负面看法促使人们认为它会造成污染。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000477

Alicia Herrera-Masurel, Sacha Altay, Hugo Mercier

{"title":"Does nuclear energy produce neodymium? Negative perception of nuclear energy drives the assumption that it is polluting.","authors":"Alicia Herrera-Masurel, Sacha Altay, Hugo Mercier","doi":"10.1037/xap0000477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000477","url":null,"abstract":"The public tends to exaggerate the dangers of nuclear energy, mistakenly associating it with various environmental problems such as ozone depletion and the production of CO₂. First, we investigate the acquisition of misconceptions about nuclear energy. In Experiments 1 (N = 198, United Kingdom) and 2 (N = 204, France), participants were more likely to develop new negative misconceptions about nuclear energy, compared to renewables or even some fossil fuels. Participants were also more likely to attribute the emission of hazardous substances produced by renewables to nuclear energy than to the energy sources actually emitting it. This suggests that specific misconceptions about nuclear energy are likely the by-products of negative perceptions of nuclear energy. Second, we ask whether correcting specific misconceptions leads to less negative attitudes about nuclear energy. In Experiments 3 (N = 296, United Kingdom.) and 4 (N = 305, France), participants were exposed to pronuclear energy arguments, one of which informed them of its low CO₂ emissions. This argument led to a decrease in the perception that nuclear energy contributes to climate change. Thus, even if specific misconceptions about nuclear energy derive from overall negative perceptions, addressing these misconceptions can still help align public opinion with expert opinion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"572-583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9877521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0