International Journal of Trends in OncoScience最新文献

{"title":"Next-generation sequencing technology in cancer","authors":"P. Krubaa, Dr. Anand Mohan Jha, Prof Dr.Ammar A.Razzak Mahmood, Dr. Anil Kumar, D. Abraham","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.3.23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.3.23-31","url":null,"abstract":"Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized cancer research and treatment by enabling comprehensive analysis of genetic mutations, alterations, and expression profiles. It allows for the identification of cancer-driving mutations, helping in the development of targeted therapies. NGS provides detailed insights into tumor heterogeneity, resistance mechanisms, and clonal evolution. Its high-throughput capacity facilitates large-scale studies, improving our understanding of cancer genomics. By enabling personalized treatment plans based on individual genetic profiles, NGS holds promise for more effective and tailored cancer therapies. Early reviews on cancer genomics often lacked comprehensive coverage of emerging technologies. They missed in-depth analysis of NGS advancements, their impact on cancer research, and clinical applications. The review addresses this gap by reviving a thorough examination of NGS methods, their role in identifying genetic mutations, and their potential in personalized cancer treatment, thus providing essential insights into the evolving landscape of cancer genomics. The article covers the advancements in technology and bioinformatic approaches for NGS data analysis. It delves into NGS applications in research and diagnostics, particularly for solid cancer diagnosis. The review highlights specific cancer types, including hereditary breast cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. It explores NGS contribution in understanding the genetic basis of these cancers and its potential for enhancing personalized diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review rectifies early lacunas by providing a comprehensive and updated examination of NGS technology, addressing gaps in previous analyses and emphasizes bioinformatic approaches for NGS data analysis, crucial for interpreting vast genomic data accurately. The review meets the current need for a thorough understanding of NGS’s role in personalized cancer treatment and research.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":" 69","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Tumors in Pediatric Patients","authors":"Dr. Kumud Kumari, Dr. Anand Mohan Jha","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.3.14-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.3.14-22","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children, comprising a diverse group of neoplasms that vary in histology, location, and behavior. Common types include astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and brainstem gliomas. Symptoms often depend on the tumor's location and may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, balance issues, and cognitive or behavioral changes. Advances in imaging, surgical techniques, and therapies, including radiation and chemotherapy, have improved outcomes. However, treatment can have long-term effects on cognitive and physical development, making comprehensive care and follow-up essential for pediatric patients. Early published reviews on pediatric brain tumors may have several lacunae, such as limited data on long-term outcomes, emerging treatment modalities, and the genetic and molecular underpinnings of various tumor types. They might also inadequately address the psychosocial impacts on patients and families. Therefore, a comprehensive review is needed to synthesize the latest research on pediatric brain tumors, encompassing advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship care. This updated review will provide valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to improve managing and supporting children with brain tumors. The review covers various aspects of pediatric brain tumors, focusing on choroid plexus tumors and spinal cord tumors. It discusses treatment strategies, highlighting surgical, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy options. The review also details presenting signs and symptoms of brain tumors in children, such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, balance issues, and changes in behavior or cognition. These insights aim to enhance early diagnosis and effective management, improving outcomes for affected children. This review addresses gaps in earlier studies on pediatric brain tumors by providing comprehensive insights into choroid plexus and spinal cord tumors, updated treatment strategies, and detailed symptoms. It synthesizes recent research to enhance early diagnosis and management, meeting current needs for effective, tailored treatment and improving patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Burden of Lung Cancer: Prognosis, Symptom Management, And Challenges with Pulmonary Fibrosis","authors":"Dr. Anand Mohan Jha, Dr. Anil Kumar, Dr. John Abraham, Huma Firdaus","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.3.8-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.3.8-13","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer represents a significant global health burden, accounting for the highest number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advancements in treatment modalities, the prognosis remains poor, with a low 5-year survival rate post-diagnosis and substantial mortality within the first year. Patients often experience debilitating symptoms such as fatigue, pain, dyspnea, and coughing, which severely impact their physical and psychological well-being. Pain management is particularly challenging and critical due to its potential leading to depression and anxiety. Lung cancer encompasses histological classifications such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), each with distinctive subtypes. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) face exacerbated challenges when they also develop lung cancer, impacting their prognosis significantly compared to those with lung cancer alone. The management of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in lung cancer necessitates a multifaceted approach, incorporating supportive care, pharmacological interventions, and emerging therapies like molecular targeted therapies, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy. This comprehensive management requires collaboration among various healthcare professionals to optimize outcomes and enhance quality of life for affected patients. Despite considerable progress, managing fibrosis in lung cancer remains complex due to its heterogeneous nature and varied progression. Ongoing future research aims to identify biomarkers for early detection, refine treatment strategies, and explore novel therapies through clinical trials. This review highlights lung cancer's global burden, poor prognosis, and severe symptoms impacting patient well-being. It discusses histological types, compounded challenges with IPF, and the need for a multifaceted treatment approach. Emphasis is placed on ongoing research for early detection, refined treatments, and novel therapies to improve outcomes.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"105 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing The Safety of Laparoscopic Surgery in Treating of Adenocarcinoma Endometrial Cancer","authors":"Dr. Kumud Kumari, Dr. Nidhi Jha, D. S, Dr. John Abraham, Dr. Ramesh Vasudevan, Srilakshmi C","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.3.1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.3.1-7","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing preference for laparoscopic surgery. Insufficient data exists on the safety of laparoscopy in endometrial cancer. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the perioperative and oncologic results of laparoscopic and laparotomic. staging surgery in patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma endometrial cancer. The study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery in this specific patient group. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 250 patients who had surgical staging for adenocarcinoma endometrial cancer at the gynecologic oncology department of a government hospital from 2018 to 2023. A comparison was made between the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups in terms of demographic, histopathologic, perioperative, and oncologic parameters. An additional assessment was conducted on a subset of individuals who had a body mass index greater than 30. The demographic and histopathologic parameters of the two groups were comparable, however laparoscopic surgery demonstrated a much higher level of effectiveness in terms of perioperative outcomes. The laparotomy group had a much greater number of excised and metastatic lymph nodes. However, this difference did not have an impact on the oncologic outcomes, such as recurrence and survival rates. Both groups had similar results in this regard. The results of the subgroup with a BMI more than 30 were consistent with those of the entire population. The intraoperative problems encountered during the laparoscopic procedure were effectively resolved. Laparoscopic surgery is considered superior to laparotomy and, depending on the surgeon's expertise, it can be safely used for surgical staging of adenocarcinoma endometrial cancer.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling The Complexities of Cervical Cancer: A Comprehensive Exploration","authors":"Dr. Shilpa Bhargava, Dr. John Abraham, Dr. Martha Srinivas, Dr. Somenath Ghosh","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.23-31","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer (CC) ranks as the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women aged 20-39, resulting in ten premature deaths weekly. CC affects women worldwide as the most common form of genital cancer, with approximately 500,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Besides the risk of death, CC can lead to increased morbidity, causing symptoms like pain, haemorrhage, and kidney failure. These complications pose significant challenges to treatment, particularly in areas with limited healthcare access. Immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation further contribute to CC pathogenesis, creating a pro-carcinogenic microenvironment through immune cell recruitment, cytokine release, and inflammatory responses triggered by persistent HPV infection. Moreover, understanding the socio-economic determinants influencing the prevalence of CC and promoting awareness can contribute to effective public health interventions. Research endeavours in these domains are vital to reduce the burden of CC, enhance early detection, and ultimately save lives. This review covers recent research on CC global epidemiology, intricate pathogenesis insights, protein-based HPV vaccines, and diverse treatment modalities, including recurrent cases. Molecular markers indicating prognosis and the role of artificial intelligence. The review will briefly highlight preventive strategies, offering a comprehensive overview of crucial research areas in CC.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"27 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140736825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetics in Cancer Therapy","authors":"Dr. Abikesh Prasada Kumar Mahapatra, Vinod S. Mule, Dr Avula Naveen, Dr. Somenath Ghosh","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.32-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.32-40","url":null,"abstract":"Epigenetics regulates parts of the genetic information accessible to cellular machinery, thus contributing to cellular diversity. Disruption of epigenetic harmonisation can lead to dysregulation of signaling pathways and contribute to diseases like cancer. Epigenetic processes are crucial in coordinating the normal growth and preservation of gene activity unique to mammal tissues. Epigenetic studies in current cancer research are vital for early detection through biomarker identification, understanding tumor heterogeneity, predicting treatment responses, and uncovering resistance mechanisms. This knowledge informs targeted therapies, enhances personalized medicine, and improves overall outcomes in cancer patients. This review comprehensively explores epigenetic processes in healthy cells, emphasizing histone modification-lysine acetylation and DNA methylation. The intricate mechanisms governing genetic expression and their dysregulation in cancer progression are also reviewed. Examining prevalent cancer types, this review stresses the pivotal role of epigenetics in understanding and potentially targeting these processes for therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of Personalized Diet, Nutrition, And Exercise Programs for Cancer Survivors","authors":"H. Natto, Dr Debananda Sahoo, N. Muneera","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.12-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.12-22","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrition, diets, and exercise are critical pillars in fortifying the well-being of cancer survivors. A balanced and nutrientrich diet serves as a linchpin in the recovery process for cancer, providing essential vitamins and minerals crucial for rejuvenating weakened immune systems and promoting overall health. The comprehensive influence of nutritional variables, including weight, food, physical activity, and alcohol use, goes beyond cancer development and affects outlook; the standard of living, concurrent health conditions, reappearances, and the incidence of recurrent malignancies are important factors to consider. However, despite their undeniable importance, a comprehensive understanding of their correlating effects on cancer survivors is hindered by the relatively recent and limited literature. This review aims to address existing gaps in current research, emphasizing recent studies and reviews related to nutrition, diets, alcoholic beverages, obesity, and exercise in cancer patients. This review focuses on specific areas necessitating further investigation by synthesizing and scrutinizing the latest findings. By exploring recent advancements, the goal is to contribute to a profound understanding of tailored nutrition plans, specific diets, lifestyle modifications, and exercise regimens, which can strategically enhance cancer survivors' well-being and long-term outcomes.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"56 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer and Food-Related Risks: A Review","authors":"Dr. Nisar Ahmed, Dr. Biswajit Dash, Dr. Somenath Ghosh, Dr. Asit Kumar","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.1-11","url":null,"abstract":"This review presents the most current scientific evidence related with the interaction between diet and cancer risk. For the purpose of ensuring the food's microbiological and chemical safety, as well as improving its palatability, numerous food processing techniques have been utilized. Innovations and advancements in food processing are being driven by the growing demand for food that are not only nutritious but also convenient and healthy. When new processes and compounds are discovered as a result of improvements in analytical capabilities, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of the potential effects on human health. In this review, the most recent scientific findings concerning the influence of the foods we eat and the risk of developing cancer are presented. Therefore, there is a pressing need for ongoing research as well as the development of comprehensive strategies to address these preventable causes of cancer and to encourage healthier lifestyle choices. This review presents an analysis of the most recent scientific data concerning the correlation between dietary habits and the likelihood of developing cancer. In addition to an increase in the consumption of refined sugars and foods that are high in carbohydrates, these patterns also demonstrates a decrease in the consumption of macronutrients and micronutrients. In addition to this, this review investigates the impact of certain dietary regimens, such as the Mediterranean diets, as well as the intake of meat and dairy items, on the likelihood of developing cancer. Epidemiological studies, molecular mechanisms, and emerging perspectives in the field of personalized nutrition were also been reviewed. It is the objective of this review to present a comprehensive analysis of relevant studies, offering the latest scientific insights regarding the correlation between diet and the likelihood of cancer development. ","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"26 S3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study On Pulmonary and Right Atrial Cardiac Metastases Among Children with Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"D. Kr, Dr. John Abraham, Dr. Pachai Pandy","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.41-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.41-44","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HpC) hepato-blastoma (HB) in children with metastases in both the right atrium and lungs is a rare occurrence. Overcoming these challenges in treatment is an intricate and demanding process. We present a rare clinical case involving a pediatric patient diagnosed with hepatoblastoma (HpC) that exhibited metastasis to both the lungs and the right atrium. In response to this complex condition, surgical intervention was undertaken, complemented by a carefully administered combination of chemotherapy. This dual-phase chemotherapy, administered both pre- and post-operation, served as an adjuvant treatment strategy. The primary objective of this comprehensive therapeutic approach was to attain full remission, eliminating any traces of the malignancy. The intricacies of managing metastatic HpC in pediatric cases underscore the importance of multidisciplinary interventions, emphasizing the critical role of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in the pursuit of a positive treatment outcome. Thus, individuals with HB that has spread to the lungs and right atrium may have a favorable outcome by undergoing proactive and multimodal therapy. ","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140736679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Microbial Intake for Gums and Periodontal Health in Children Receiving Chemotherapy","authors":"Dr. Anieta Merin Jacob, D. A. A. Razzak Mahmood, Dr. Narendranath S, Dr D Abisheik Johnson Babu","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.45-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.2.45-50","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics comprised of living microorganisms and are devoid of any detrimental impacts on health. When consumed in sufficient amounts, they provide nutritional advantages. The prevalent oral infections primarily target the periodontal and dental tissues inside the mouth cavity. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of oral probiotics in combating bacteria associated with periodontal and dental diseases. Moreover, it aims to evaluate the gum and periodontal well-being of children receiving chemotherapy following the intake of oral probiotics. Seventy children, aged 4 to 16 years and undergoing chemotherapy, were randomly assigned to either the control or test group, which received probiotics, over a period of ninety days. Various evaluations, including the examination of gum and teeth-supporting structures, oral cleanliness, and testing for caries activity, were conducted at different intervals. SPSS 19.0 was utilized for statistical analysis. Among participants in the treatment group, the administration of oral probiotics resulted in a noteworthy reduction in biofilm accumulation over the observation period (P < 0.05). The test group exhibited an improvement in the condition of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth (P < 0.05). A caries activity assessment was conducted using the Snyder test. Among the children in the research group, 10 were found to have a score of 1, while eight exhibited a score of 2. None of the children in the research group displayed a score of 3. The findings indicated that consistent intake of oral probiotics leads to a significant decrease in the build-up of biofilm, the production of tartar, and the occurrence of tooth decay within the experimental group. ","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"212 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}