VISUAL COGNITION最新文献_第8页

Relating visual and pictorial space: Binocular disparity for distance, motion parallax for direction 关联视觉和图像空间：双眼视差表示距离，运动视差表示方向

IF 2 4区心理学

VISUAL COGNITION Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2023.2203528

X. Wang, N. Troje

{"title":"Relating visual and pictorial space: Binocular disparity for distance, motion parallax for direction","authors":"X. Wang, N. Troje","doi":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2203528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2023.2203528","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Interacting with people and three-dimensional objects depicted on a screen is perceptually different from interacting with them in real life. This difference resides in their corresponding perceptual spaces: The former involves pictorial space, and the latter, visual space. Studies have examined the perceptual geometry of pictorial or visual space, but rarely their connection. The current study connected the two spaces using a pointing task and investigated how binocular disparity and motion parallax affect this connection. In a virtual environment, a pointing virtual character was displayed within a frame and the participants rotated him to point at targets in visual space. What binocular disparity and motion parallax specified was independently manipulated, either the two-dimensional surface or its depicted three-dimensional content. In Experiment 1, we changed the virtual character's distance to the screen and found that binocular disparity determines the distance relationship between visual and pictorial space, but also introduces a relief depth expansion of the perceived virtual character. In Experiment 2, we changed the participants' viewing angle relative to the screen and found that motion parallax determines the directional relationship between visual and pictorial space. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our results in the context of video-mediated telecommunication.","PeriodicalId":47961,"journal":{"name":"VISUAL COGNITION","volume":"31 1","pages":"107 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49191621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Global judgments of caloric information in younger and older adults 年轻人和老年人热量信息的整体判断

IF 2 4区心理学

VISUAL COGNITION Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2023.2211353

Kosuke Motoki, Toshiki Saito

{"title":"Global judgments of caloric information in younger and older adults","authors":"Kosuke Motoki, Toshiki Saito","doi":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2211353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2023.2211353","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Viewing sets of food products is common in consumer environments. Previous research on visual perception suggests the phenomena of global judgements (or summary statistical representation), which means that people often extract summary statistical information of multiple objects (e.g., average size, hue) at a glance. Consumers may form summary statistical representations of food products. Despite the growing number of studies on the cognitive processing of food products, global judgements of caloric information and how differences in age influence the global judgements remain unexplored. Here, we aimed to reveal global judgements of caloric perception in younger and older adults. Across two studies, participants (adults in Study 1 and younger and older adults in Study 2) viewed food image sets (single, two, four, or six images) and estimated the average caloric counts. The results revealed that the participants could accurately estimate the average caloric counts to some extent at two set sizes. Moreover, the participants were less able to extract global judgements of caloric information at four and six set sizes. Overall, our findings reveal limited cognitive processing for assessing average caloric content, and age differences modulate the estimation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":47961,"journal":{"name":"VISUAL COGNITION","volume":"31 1","pages":"149 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42691082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contrapposto posture captures visual attention: An online gaze tracking experiment 反对方姿势吸引视觉注意力：一项在线凝视跟踪实验

IF 2 4区心理学

VISUAL COGNITION Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2023.2213904

O. Jacobs, F. Pazhoohi, A. Kingstone

{"title":"Contrapposto posture captures visual attention: An online gaze tracking experiment","authors":"O. Jacobs, F. Pazhoohi, A. Kingstone","doi":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2213904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2023.2213904","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Goddesses of love and beauty are frequently depicted in artwork in a contrapposto posture with one leg relaxing while the other bears the weight. Previous research has indicated that compared to an upright standing pose, a contrapposto pose is considered more attractive with its curviness capturing greater visual attention. Yet, whether a body posed in contrapposto is generally more visually attention-grabbing than an upright body remains unknown. We sought to address this gap and also examined if individual differences in sociosexuality – individual differences in willingness to engage in uncommitted sexual relations – influence attentional allocation. Online gaze-tracking was employed to monitor subjects (n = 71) during image presentation in a preferential looking design (contrapposto verse standing). Participants had a greater proportion of their gaze directed towards female bodies depicted in contrapposto pose compared to a standing posture over an extended period of time but not in the first gaze shift. Moreover, sociosexuality correlated positively with the proportion of gazes towards contrapposto stimuli but fell short of statistical significance. The results of the current study indicate that top-down factors play a role in how people allocate more attention to contrapposto poses.","PeriodicalId":47961,"journal":{"name":"VISUAL COGNITION","volume":"31 1","pages":"160 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41424820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating meaning in the spatial layouts of comics: A cross-cultural corpus analysis 漫画空间布局中的语义导航:跨文化语料库分析

IF 2 4区心理学

VISUAL COGNITION Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2023.2198271

Irmak Hacımusaoğlu, Bien Klomberg, Neil Cohn

{"title":"Navigating meaning in the spatial layouts of comics: A cross-cultural corpus analysis","authors":"Irmak Hacımusaoğlu, Bien Klomberg, Neil Cohn","doi":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2198271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2023.2198271","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 In visual narratives like comics, not only do comprehenders need to track shifts in characters, space, and time, but they do so across a spatial layout. While many scholars and comic artists have speculated about connections between meaning and layout in comics, few empirical studies have examined this relationship. We investigated whether situational changes between time, characters, or space interacted with page layouts, by looking at across-page, across-constituent, and within-constituent transitions in a corpus of 134 annotated comics from North America, Europe, and Asia. Panels shifting within constituents (e.g., while moving within a row) changed the situation the least, while those across pages and across constituents (like in a row break) had more situational changes. The boundary of a page especially aligned with changes in spatial location of the scene. In addition, discontinuous changes primarily aligned with across-page transitions. Cross-cultural analyses indicated that Asian comics convey meaning across panels in ways that are relatively less constrained by layouts, while American and European comics use the page as a unit to group and segment spatial information. Such results indicate a partial correspondence between layout and meaning, but with different cultural constraints.","PeriodicalId":47961,"journal":{"name":"VISUAL COGNITION","volume":"31 1","pages":"126 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48365809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impaired visuo-spatial statistical learning with mathematical learning difficulties 视觉空间统计学习障碍伴数学学习困难

IF 2 4区心理学

VISUAL COGNITION Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2023.2208887

Sharon Levy, N. Turk-Browne, Liat Goldfarb

{"title":"Impaired visuo-spatial statistical learning with mathematical learning difficulties","authors":"Sharon Levy, N. Turk-Browne, Liat Goldfarb","doi":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2208887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2023.2208887","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rapid extraction of temporal and spatial patterns from repeated experience is known as statistical learning (SL). Studies on SL show that after few minutes of exposure, observers exhibit knowledge of regularities hidden in a sequence or array of objects. Previous findings suggest that visuo-spatial statistical learning might relate to numerical processing mechanisms. Hence, the current study examines for the first time visuo-spatial SL in a population with a deficiency in the numerical system: individuals with mathematical learning difficulties (MLD). Thirty-two female participants (16 with MLD and 16 matched controls) were tested on a visuo-spatial statistical learning task. The results revealed that visuo-spatial SL was significantly worse in the MLD group than in a control group, although MLD performed as well as controls in a visual discrimination task. In addition, whereas the control group showed reliable visuo-spatial SL above chance, the MLD group did not. Because learned regularities can broadly facilitate cognitive processing, individuals with MLD may thus suffer from additional behavioural challenges beyond their numerical difficulties.","PeriodicalId":47961,"journal":{"name":"VISUAL COGNITION","volume":"31 1","pages":"138 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42322848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attention to the fine-grained aspect of words in the environment emerges in preschool children with high reading ability 学龄前儿童在阅读能力较强的情况下，对环境中词汇的细粒度方面的关注逐渐显现

IF 2 4区心理学

VISUAL COGNITION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2023.2194697

Licheng Xue, Ying Xiao, Tianying Qing, U. Maurer, Wei Wang, Huidong Xue, X. Weng, Jing-Guo Zhao

{"title":"Attention to the fine-grained aspect of words in the environment emerges in preschool children with high reading ability","authors":"Licheng Xue, Ying Xiao, Tianying Qing, U. Maurer, Wei Wang, Huidong Xue, X. Weng, Jing-Guo Zhao","doi":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2194697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2023.2194697","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Attention to words is closely related to the process of learning to read. However, it remains unclear how attention to words in environmental print (such as words on product labels) is changed with the growth of preschool children’s reading ability. We thus used eye tracking technique to compare attention to words in environmental print in children at low (32, 15 males, 5.12 years) and high (32, 17 males, 5.16 years) reading levels during a free viewing task. To characterize which aspects of visual word form children attend to, we constructed three types of stimuli embedded in the same context: words in environment print, symbol strings (similar shape to words but without strokes), and character strings (comparable with words in the number of strokes and the structures). We observed that children at both reading levels showed lower percentages of fixations and fixation time in words relative to symbol strings, suggesting they start to attend to the coarse aspect of visual word form. Interestingly, only children at higher reading level showed lower percentages of fixations and fixation time for words relative to character strings, suggesting that attention to the fine-grained aspect of visual word form emerged, and was closely to reading ability.","PeriodicalId":47961,"journal":{"name":"VISUAL COGNITION","volume":"31 1","pages":"85 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45955011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moving to maintain perceptual and social constancy 移动以保持感知和社会的恒定性

IF 2 4区心理学

VISUAL COGNITION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2023.2192992

J. Enns, Rachel C. Lin-Yang, Veronica Dudarev

{"title":"Moving to maintain perceptual and social constancy","authors":"J. Enns, Rachel C. Lin-Yang, Veronica Dudarev","doi":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2192992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2023.2192992","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Past research on object constancy has tended to treat the viewer as a passive observer. Here we examine viewers’ body and eye movements when they are asked to view photos of people in a gallery setting. Participants considered one individual in each photo, before indicating how socially connected they felt toward them and then moving to a spot in the gallery where they would be most comfortable when talking to them. Photographed individuals varied in their projected distance from the camera (near, far) and in their image resolution (sharp, slightly blurred). Results showed that participants looked more directly at near versus far individuals and at sharp versus blurred individuals. They also rated their social connection as stronger when the images were near versus far and sharp versus blurred. Where participants stood when making these ratings was strongly correlated with the projected distance of the images and with their ratings of social connection. These findings are discussed with regard to brain mechanisms for maintaining stability in our perceptions of geometric and social aspects of our world. They also highlight our inherent tendency to attribute qualities of our perceptual experiences to objects in that world.","PeriodicalId":47961,"journal":{"name":"VISUAL COGNITION","volume":"31 1","pages":"43 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49250071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How scene encoding affects memory discrimination: Analysing eye movements data using data driven methods 场景编码如何影响记忆辨别：使用数据驱动方法分析眼动数据

IF 2 4区心理学

VISUAL COGNITION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2023.2188335

F. Doidy, P. Desaunay, C. Rebillard, P. Clochon, A. Lambrechts, P. Wantzen, F. Guénolé, J. Baleyte, F. Eustache, D. Bowler, K. Lebreton, B. Guillery-Girard

{"title":"How scene encoding affects memory discrimination: Analysing eye movements data using data driven methods","authors":"F. Doidy, P. Desaunay, C. Rebillard, P. Clochon, A. Lambrechts, P. Wantzen, F. Guénolé, J. Baleyte, F. Eustache, D. Bowler, K. Lebreton, B. Guillery-Girard","doi":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2188335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2023.2188335","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Encoding of visual scenes remains under-explored due to methodological limitations. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between memory accuracy for visual scenes and eye movements at encoding. First, we used data-driven methods, a fixation density map (using iMap4) and a saliency map (using GBVS), to analyse the visual attention for items. Second, and in a more novel way, we conducted scanpath analyses without a priori (using ScanMatch). Scene memory accuracy was assessed by asking participants to discriminate identical scenes (targets) among rearranged scenes sharing some items with targets (distractors) and new scenes. Shorter fixation duration in regions of interest (ROIs) at encoding was associated with a better rejection of distractors; there was no significant difference in the relative fixation time in ROIs at encoding, between subsequent hits and misses at test. Hence, density of eye fixations in data-driven ROIs seems to be a marker of subsequent memory discrimination and pattern separation. Interestingly, we also identified a negative correlation between average MultiDimensional Scaling (MDS) distance scanpaths and the correct rejection of distractors, indicating that scanpath consistency significantly affects the ability to discriminate distractors from targets. These data suggest that visual exploration at encoding participates in discrimination processes at test.","PeriodicalId":47961,"journal":{"name":"VISUAL COGNITION","volume":"31 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42225709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gestalt formation promotes awareness of suppressed visual stimuli during binocular rivalry. 格式塔形成促进意识抑制视觉刺激在双目竞争

IF 2 4区心理学

VISUAL COGNITION Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2023.2192991

Mar S Nikiforova, Rosemary A Cowell, David E Huber

{"title":"Gestalt formation promotes awareness of suppressed visual stimuli during binocular rivalry.","authors":"Mar S Nikiforova, Rosemary A Cowell, David E Huber","doi":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2192991","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2192991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous flash suppression leverages binocular rivalry to render observers unaware of a static image for several seconds. To achieve this effect, rapidly flashing noise masks are presented to the dominant eye while a static stimulus is presented to the non-dominant eye. Eventually \"breakthrough\" occurs, wherein awareness shifts to the static image shown to the non-dominant eye. We tested the hypothesis that Gestalt formation can promote breakthrough. In two experiments, we presented pacman-shaped objects that might or might not align to form illusory Kanizsa objects. To measure the inception of breakthrough, observers were instructed to press a key at the moment of partial breakthrough. After pressing the key, which stopped the trial, observers reported how many pacmen were seen and where they were located. Supporting the Gestalt hypothesis, breakthrough was faster when the pacmen were aligned and observers more often reported pairs of pacmen if they were aligned. To address whether these effects reflected illusory shape perception, a computational model was applied to the pacman report distributions and breakthrough times for an experiment with four pacmen. A full account of the data required an increased joint probability of reporting all four pacmen, suggesting an influence of a perceived illusory cross.</p>","PeriodicalId":47961,"journal":{"name":"VISUAL COGNITION","volume":"31 1","pages":"18-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48256052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibition of return (IOR) meets stimulus-response (S-R) binding: Manually responding to central arrow targets is driven by S-R binding, not IOR 抑制返回(IOR)满足刺激-反应(S-R)结合:手动响应中央箭头目标是由S-R结合驱动的，而不是IOR

IF 2 4区心理学

VISUAL COGNITION Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2023.2169802

Lars-Michael Schöpper, C. Frings

{"title":"Inhibition of return (IOR) meets stimulus-response (S-R) binding: Manually responding to central arrow targets is driven by S-R binding, not IOR","authors":"Lars-Michael Schöpper, C. Frings","doi":"10.1080/13506285.2023.2169802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2023.2169802","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Localizing targets repeating or changing their position typically leads to a benefit for location changes, that is, inhibition of return (IOR). Yet, IOR is mostly absent when sequentially responding to arrows pointing to the left or right. Previous research suggested that responding to central arrow targets resembles a discrimination response. For the latter, action control theories expect the modulation of response repetitions and changes by task-irrelevant feature repetitions and changes (e.g., colour), caused by stimulus-response (S-R) binding – a modulation typically absent in localization performance. In the current study, participants gave left and right responses to peripheral targets repeating or changing their position, and to central arrow targets repeating or changing their pointing direction. Targets could repeat or change their colour. For central targets, responses were heavily modulated by colour repetitions and changes, suggesting S-R binding. No S-R binding, but only IOR was found for peripheral targets. Analysis of reaction time percentiles suggested that this pattern was not caused by fast response execution. These results show that S-R binding approaches allow to explain effects typically discussed in the context of attentional orienting, highlighting the similarities of two research strands working in parallel for years without much of exchange.","PeriodicalId":47961,"journal":{"name":"VISUAL COGNITION","volume":"30 1","pages":"641 - 658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42778500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6