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Swimming Against the Tide: Young Informal Traders’ Survival Strategies in a Competitive Business Environment in Zimbabwe 逆流而上：津巴布韦竞争性商业环境下年轻非正规贸易商的生存策略
IF 2 3区 社会学
Youth & Society Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211044524
Itai Kabonga, K. Zvokuomba, B. Nyagadza, Ernest Dube
{"title":"Swimming Against the Tide: Young Informal Traders’ Survival Strategies in a Competitive Business Environment in Zimbabwe","authors":"Itai Kabonga, K. Zvokuomba, B. Nyagadza, Ernest Dube","doi":"10.1177/0044118X211044524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211044524","url":null,"abstract":"Informal trading in the town of Bindura, Zimbabwe is a competitive venture just like in other parts of the world. The competitiveness is characterized by young traders aged 18 to 24 years being elbowed out by those established in the business, hence, the study sought to interrogate the experiences of young informal traders. Employing a qualitative research framework with an interpretive philosophical dimension, the study established that young informal traders deploy their agency to survive in such a harsh environment. Their survival is depended on developing multiple streams of income, professionalizing their trade, setting up some associations, and establishing close-knit social networks that enables them to remain in business and eke a living. The study recommends that there is a need for forging up cooperative mechanisms of working in harmony amongst all informal traders since the Bindura market is ever-growing and may accommodate them all.","PeriodicalId":47959,"journal":{"name":"Youth & Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"280 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46567733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Race Differences in Youths’ Attitudes Toward Arming Teachers: Investigating the Role of Procedural Justice 青少年武装教师态度的种族差异:调查程序正义的作用
IF 2 3区 社会学
Youth & Society Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211046637
Faraneh Shamserad
{"title":"Race Differences in Youths’ Attitudes Toward Arming Teachers: Investigating the Role of Procedural Justice","authors":"Faraneh Shamserad","doi":"10.1177/0044118X211046637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211046637","url":null,"abstract":"Although school violence statistics indicate that schools are safe places, anxiety over school shootings continues to influence school safety reform to the extent that security measures in American public schools include the arming of schoolteachers. Furthermore, not only have youths’ perceptions of school security been relatively unexplored, existing research points to racial inequalities in the use of and the effects of school security practices. This study uses data from high school students across multiple school districts in a Midwestern county to examine how race and perceptions of fairness intersect to influence attitudes on arming teachers. The results suggest that, relative to White students, Black students are less supportive of arming teachers and anticipate greater decreases in safety if teachers are armed. In addition, perceptions of fairness mediate the effect of race on support and feelings of safety. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47959,"journal":{"name":"Youth & Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"259 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41916571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Long Arm of Early Exclusionary School Discipline? A Multi-Model Analysis 早期排他性学校纪律的长臂?多模型分析
IF 2 3区 社会学
Youth & Society Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211042643
M. Andrew, M. Blake
{"title":"The Long Arm of Early Exclusionary School Discipline? A Multi-Model Analysis","authors":"M. Andrew, M. Blake","doi":"10.1177/0044118X211042643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211042643","url":null,"abstract":"In this analysis, we consider how a potentially important triggering event in the life course—exclusionary school discipline—may affect students’ high school outcomes. We extend the literature to focus on the long-term effects of exclusionary discipline that occurs in the early grades, when students are relatively young and when a significant share of exclusionary discipline first occurs. We further evaluate the potential, long-term effects of exclusionary discipline on different high school outcomes (non-completion, GED certification, high school diploma) in statistical models that account for observed and unobserved heterogeneity. Overall, we find robust and consistent evidence that very young children are not somehow more resilient or more protected from negative, long-term effects of suspension or expulsion in early elementary school. Moreover, previous research might underestimate the effects of (early) exclusionary discipline more generally by ignoring the independent effects on GED certification.","PeriodicalId":47959,"journal":{"name":"Youth & Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"238 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43369286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
School Alienation Among Adolescents in Switzerland and Luxembourg: The Role of Parent and Peer Supportive Attitudes Toward School and Teacher Autonomy Support 瑞士和卢森堡青少年的学校疏离感:家长和同伴支持态度对学校和教师自主支持的作用
IF 2 3区 社会学
Youth & Society Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211043902
J. Morinaj, Frederick de Moll, T. Hascher, Andreas Hadjar, Alyssa L. Grecu, Jan Scharf
{"title":"School Alienation Among Adolescents in Switzerland and Luxembourg: The Role of Parent and Peer Supportive Attitudes Toward School and Teacher Autonomy Support","authors":"J. Morinaj, Frederick de Moll, T. Hascher, Andreas Hadjar, Alyssa L. Grecu, Jan Scharf","doi":"10.1177/0044118X211043902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211043902","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research has shown that socialization agents such as parents, peers, and teachers can play a significant role in adolescents’ educational outcomes, both through direct support or indirectly via supportive attitudes that foster students’ bonding to school and academic motivation. However, less is known about the effects of parent and peer supportive attitudes and teacher autonomy support on unfavorable educational outcomes such as school alienation. This study investigated the role of socialization agents in the development of school alienation among 544 secondary school students in Switzerland and 535 secondary school students in Luxembourg in grades 7 to 9. Results of structural equation modeling showed that the role of socialization agents varies across the school alienation domains and educational contexts, with peers having the most substantial impact on all three domains of alienation in both countries.","PeriodicalId":47959,"journal":{"name":"Youth & Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"187 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48304197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Review of Psychosocial Protective and Risk Factors for the Mental Well-Being of Rural LGBTQ+ Adolescents 农村LGBTQ+青少年心理健康的社会心理保护及危险因素研究进展
IF 2 3区 社会学
Youth & Society Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211035944
Kayla J. Elliott, J. Stacciarini, I. Jimenez, Andrea P. Rangel, D. Fanfan
{"title":"A Review of Psychosocial Protective and Risk Factors for the Mental Well-Being of Rural LGBTQ+ Adolescents","authors":"Kayla J. Elliott, J. Stacciarini, I. Jimenez, Andrea P. Rangel, D. Fanfan","doi":"10.1177/0044118X211035944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211035944","url":null,"abstract":"Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning/queer, and other gender diverse (LGBTQ+) adolescents face daunting hardships within the rural contexts they navigate (e.g., community, school), and these onerous demands make it difficult for them to maintain optimal mental well-being. This scoping review described the psychosocial protective and risk factors that shape mental well-being for rural LGBTQ+ adolescents and identified the mental health issues commonly reported by them. About 30 articles published between 2005 and 2020 were examined. A myriad of factors indicated protection of or risks to LGBTQ+ rural adolescents’ mental well-being through the social-ecological levels: individual (e.g., pressure to conform to gender norms, sexual exploration, coming out), interpersonal (e.g., connectedness, fear of rejection, religious beliefs), institutional/school (e.g., bullying victimization, social exclusion, peer/teacher intervention), and rural community (e.g., community size, local ties, social isolation). More research is needed to better understand and address rural mental health disparities for this vulnerable group.","PeriodicalId":47959,"journal":{"name":"Youth & Society","volume":"54 1","pages":"312 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43705459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Critical Civic Motivation of Marginalized Youth: An Expectancy-Value Approach 边缘化青年的批判性公民动机：一种期望值方法
IF 2 3区 社会学
Youth & Society Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211044522
C. Wegemer
{"title":"Critical Civic Motivation of Marginalized Youth: An Expectancy-Value Approach","authors":"C. Wegemer","doi":"10.1177/0044118X211044522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211044522","url":null,"abstract":"The present study advances a model of critical civic motivation grounded in expectancy-value theory and highlights diverse manifestations of motivation among marginalized adolescents. The participants were 447 high school youth (85.0% Latinx; 62.9% low-income). Two complementary methodological approaches were employed to examine civic motivation, conceptualized as expectancies (individual and collective), and values (interest and attainment). First, regression analyses found that civic expectancies and values differentially predicted behavioral outcomes of service and activism. Expectancies and values interactively predicted activism, whereas only main effects of individual and collective efficacy and interest value positively predicted service. Second, person-centered analyses yielded a five-cluster solution, with one-third of the participants exhibiting discrepancies between expectancies and values. Distinct patterns in the manifestations of civic motivation components may inform practices that support civic engagement of marginalized youth. Overall, the findings illustrate the utility of a holistic, critical framework that integrates established literatures on political efficacy and interest.","PeriodicalId":47959,"journal":{"name":"Youth & Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"213 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42468675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Social Capital and the Higher Education Academic Achievement: Using Cross-Classified Multilevel Models to Understanding the Impact of Society on Educational Outcomes 社会资本与高等教育学术成就——利用跨分类多层次模型理解社会对教育成果的影响
IF 2 3区 社会学
Youth & Society Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211042912
Emiola Oyefuga, C. Shakeshaft
{"title":"Social Capital and the Higher Education Academic Achievement: Using Cross-Classified Multilevel Models to Understanding the Impact of Society on Educational Outcomes","authors":"Emiola Oyefuga, C. Shakeshaft","doi":"10.1177/0044118X211042912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211042912","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to show the influence of social capital on the academic achievement of American students. Using data from Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this study explored how one of the domains of social capital, the family, makes a difference to educational outcomes in higher education. Cross-classified multilevel models were used to analyze the data to understand the effects of family social capital variables and contexts on academic achievement. In addition, the models examined if gender, race, and parental socioeconomic status influenced the relationship. The findings from this study showed that the effects of family social capital differed for different groups of students and was impacted by the context. This study also found that parental income, education, and employment all affected how family social capital influenced academic achievement.","PeriodicalId":47959,"journal":{"name":"Youth & Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"163 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42198484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Liminal Participation: Young People’s Practices in the Public Sphere Between Exclusion, Claims of Belonging, and Democratic Innovation 边缘性参与:年轻人在公共领域的实践——介于排斥、归属主张和民主创新之间
IF 2 3区 社会学
Youth & Society Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211040848
Ilaria Pitti, Yağmur Mengilli, A. Walther
{"title":"Liminal Participation: Young People’s Practices in the Public Sphere Between Exclusion, Claims of Belonging, and Democratic Innovation","authors":"Ilaria Pitti, Yağmur Mengilli, A. Walther","doi":"10.1177/0044118X211040848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211040848","url":null,"abstract":"Existing understandings of youth participation often imply clear distinctions from non-participation and thus boundaries between “recognized” and “non-recognized” practices of engagement. This article aims at questioning these boundaries. It analyzes young people’s practices in the public sphere that are characterized by both recognition as participation and misrecognition or stigmatization as deviant and it is suggested to conceptualize such practices as “liminal participation.” The concept of liminality has been developed to describe transitory situations “in-between”—between defined and recognized status positions—and seems helpful for better understanding the blurring boundaries of youth participation. Drawing on qualitative case studies conducted within a European research project, the analysis focuses on how young people whose practices evolve at the margins of the respective societies position themselves with regard to the challenges of liminality and on the potential of this for democratic innovation and change.","PeriodicalId":47959,"journal":{"name":"Youth & Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"143 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49099618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Bullying Victimization and Weapon Carrying: A Partial Test of General Strain Theory 欺凌受害者与武器携带——对一般应变理论的部分检验
IF 2 3区 社会学
Youth & Society Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211036919
Stephen N. Oliphant
{"title":"Bullying Victimization and Weapon Carrying: A Partial Test of General Strain Theory","authors":"Stephen N. Oliphant","doi":"10.1177/0044118X211036919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211036919","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the existing research on adolescent firearm and weapon carrying lacks a theoretical framework. Relatedly, few studies have examined the relationship between weapon carrying and bullying victimization experienced at school, which has been established as a key strain in adolescence. The present study seeks to provide a partial test of general strain theory as a theoretical framework to explain adolescent weapon carrying. Using a large U.S. sample of 7th through 10th grade students (n = 8,867), I find qualified support for general strain theory. While an index measure of bullying victimization was positively associated with weapon carrying as expected, two measures assessing specific forms of bullying victimization had nonlinear effects that are inconsistent with the theory. The proportion of one’s friends who carry weapons was consistently one of the strongest predictors of a respondent’s own weapon carrying. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47959,"journal":{"name":"Youth & Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"122 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43380184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence and Correlates of Depression and Anxiety Among Jordanian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study 约旦青少年抑郁和焦虑的患病率及其相关因素:一项横断面研究
IF 2 3区 社会学
Youth & Society Pub Date : 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211041383
Entisar Dwekat, Rasmieh M. Al-amer, Hanan Al-Daraawi, M. Saleh
{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Depression and Anxiety Among Jordanian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Entisar Dwekat, Rasmieh M. Al-amer, Hanan Al-Daraawi, M. Saleh","doi":"10.1177/0044118X211041383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211041383","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a critical phase in which physical, psychological, and intellectual challenges occur. This study assesses the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among a national sample of adolescents. A cross-sectional correlational design using depression, anxiety, and stress scale was used. Our data revealed that 49.1% and 78.2% of Jordanian adolescents had severe depressive symptoms and anxiety, respectively. Depression and anxiety had a significant positive correlation with gender and age and a negative relationship with monthly income and fathers’ and mothers’ educational levels. Binary logistic regression revealed that the whole model for depression had a coefficient of determination X2: (4, N 1,344), R2 (.149); p < .005, whereas the overall model for anxiety showed a coefficient of determination X2: (4, N 1,344), R2 (.091); p < .005. This study indicates that depression and anxiety are highly prevalent among Jordanian adolescents. Thus, prioritizing funds for mental health services is paramount.","PeriodicalId":47959,"journal":{"name":"Youth & Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"103 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43866479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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