Lawrence H. Keeley , Christopher L. Hernandez , Aldo W. Foe , James Meierhoff , Joanna Ruiz , Nam C. Kim , Joel W. Palka
{"title":"Weaponry for archaeologists","authors":"Lawrence H. Keeley , Christopher L. Hernandez , Aldo W. Foe , James Meierhoff , Joanna Ruiz , Nam C. Kim , Joel W. Palka","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the physio-chemical properties of weapons to provide a framework that archaeologists can use to identify artifacts of war and hunting. Weapons—any object selected or manufactured by hominins to be <em>actively</em> used or intended to be used to injure animals—have functions that are typically based upon or constrained by the simplest laws of physics and the facts of animal or human biology (i.e., physio-chemical properties). Building from an examination of these properties, this paper musters cross-cultural data to understand the form, use, and development of weapon types. Our investigation of shock, fire, and biological weapons highlights that the sequence of invention or adoption of weapons, in general, is highly correlated with increases in effective range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sociological landscape and evolutionary phenomena: a technological approach to the Neolithic southern Levant ceramic assemblages","authors":"Valentine Roux , Carine Harivel","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article re-examines the ongoing debate surrounding Early Pottery Neolithic entities in the southern Levant through a technological analysis of ceramic assemblages from five significant sites belonging to the so-called Yarmukian and Lodian/Jericho IX cultural entities. The technological analysis identifies the manufacturing process employed in vessel production across multiple scales of observation. The results reveal a uniform technological tradition throughout the southern Levant, testifying to socially-linked potter communities. The technical variant known as ‘shining’ is shown to result from a branching process, followed by its gradual selection over time. Its differential spatial distribution can be attributed to both the temporal distance between sites during demic diffusion and the formation of regional collectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mind the chronological gaps: The remembering, forgetting and ignoring of past materiality during the 2nd millennium BC Aegean","authors":"Mercourios Georgiadis","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rich and diverse evidence from the 2nd millennium BC Aegean allows indepth analyses of how past materiality was treated in this period. Remembering, forgetting and ignoring have been important tools employed by societies on various occasions and with different meanings and aims. The mnemonoscape in the Aegean has provided a template of objects and landscapes, which received diverse treatments depending on the relatively recent or older past uses. There had also been significant variations in their functions and meanings, whilst their re-interpretation had often been analogous to the degree they belonged to same temporal and cultural context (same chrono-type) or not (different chrono-type). Furthermore, it is highlighted how forgetting and ignoring objects and landscapes played a role in memory, oblivion and the formation of new cultural conditions. A certain eclecticism of regional character can be recognized in the employment of past materiality and landscape in the 2nd millennium BC Aegean. It had often been the case that they had been associated with metaphysical and eschatological contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hegemony without Sovereignty? Potters as Materially Mediating Casma Statecraft (Ancash, Peru, ca. 1000–1400 CE)","authors":"M.Elizabeth Grávalos","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taking the view that communities of potters materially mediate pre-industrial politics, this paper investigates ceramic production and circulation as a lens on Indigenous statecraft. Despite wide-scale sociopolitical transformation during the Late Intermediate Period (ca. 1000–1450 CE), the Casma polity governed several valleys of Peru’s north coast until 1400 CE. Scholars have suggested that Casma relied upon long-distance trade relationships cultivated in the prior Middle Horizon (700–1000 CE), resulting in an integrated political economy across multiple coastal valleys. Considering this, here I ask, how did communities of potters contribute to Casma’s multi-valley statecraft? I test the hypothesis of an integrated political economy through LA-ICP-MS and petrography of ceramic pastes. Data from three valleys reveal valley-based production of Casma-related ceramic styles. Rare earth element (REE) concentrations and petrographic data suggest knowledge sharing between valleys regarding the appropriate geomaterials for making Casma-molded ceramics specifically. These findings lead me to propose that Casma statecraft was a form of hegemony without sovereignty. Rather than administering direct territorial control through a strict belief system, I hypothesize that Casma created alliances within each valley. While people across multiple valleys recognized Casma authority, localized material practices and place-based landscape knowledge were necessary for Casma statecraft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Death compositions in El Argar (Antas, Spain): new perspectives from 19th-century excavation records","authors":"Bárbara Bonora Soriano","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The placement of a variety of objects inside Argaric tombs is a well-known funerary practice traditionally used to categorize individuals according to their access to wealth. This study emphasizes the significance of the precise spatial placement of grave goods within the tombs and introduces new perspectives on the funerary record of the eponymous site of El Argar (Antas, Spain). It draws attention to previously overlooked aspects of that society’s funerary practices. The results suggest that specific rules governed the placement of both objects and bodies within the tombs. Argaric funerary practices, besides reflecting the social dimensions of the deceased, also reveal broader social structures and the presence of collective groups united through shared symbolic roles, thereby supporting the hypothesis of distinct social figures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145492138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Tomé , Antonio Blanco-González , Eneko Iriarte , Ángel Carrancho , Natalia García-Redondo , Santiago Sossa-Ríos , Alejandra Sánchez-Polo , María Martín-Seijo , Carolina Mallol
{"title":"Raised from the ashes: Geoarchaeological perspectives on house burning practices in an Iberian Iron Age village","authors":"Laura Tomé , Antonio Blanco-González , Eneko Iriarte , Ángel Carrancho , Natalia García-Redondo , Santiago Sossa-Ríos , Alejandra Sánchez-Polo , María Martín-Seijo , Carolina Mallol","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Burnt houses are a recurrent phenomenon in the prehistoric archaeological record, yet the specific processes behind their burning—likely varying across time and place—remain poorly understood. This study focuses on a thoroughly studied dwelling (House 1) from the Iberian Early Iron Age settlement of Cerro de San Vicente and investigates site formation processes associated with its burning. To achieve this, we applied a multi-proxy geoarchaeological approach, integrating archaeological soil micromorphology—including charcoal analysis on thin sections—, magnetic properties analyses, XRD, XRF, and GIS-based morphological and spatial analyses of mudbricks. Our results suggest that House 1 experienced a high temperature fire, reaching temperatures of up to ∼700 °C, which destroyed its roof, burnt its walls, and generated an ash deposit rich in combustion residues. Shortly thereafter, the house was deliberately infilled with burnt reused mudbricks, recycled both from its dismantled walls and potentially other buildings across the settlement. This practice likely served to raise the level of the house to compensate for midden accumulation in the surrounding transit areas while providing a foundation for new construction phases. These findings suggest that construction materials were reused over time according to context-specific cultural rationales, potentially reflecting elements of a prehistoric circular economy. This research enhances our understanding of settlement and socio-cultural dynamics at Cerro de San Vicente, while contributing to broader archaeological discussions on the roles of prehistoric house burning practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commodification of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 17th century southern New England","authors":"Elic M. Weitzel","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable natural resource use and management is widely proposed as the solution to our current planetary ecological crises. However, there are multiple pathways to sustainability: consume fewer resources or modify the environment to be more productive. White-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) in 17th century New England provide an informative case study of the historical ecology of sustainable and unsustainable natural resource use as the species was ostensibly used sustainably by Native peoples for millennia but hunted nearly to extinction soon after European colonization. Zooarchaeological analyses of white-tailed deer remains from two sites in the lower Connecticut River Valley suggest that deer abundance in this locality declined in the 17th century due to increased hunting pressure consistent with commodification of the species within a novel mercantile capitalist economy. Depression of this deer population in the 17th century—at a time of general human population decline—appears to have been driven by capitalist market forces that increased demand for deerskin clothing for purposes of social signaling. These results illustrate the importance of addressing the harms of commodification when promoting sustainable natural resource use and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contrasting strategies: Social organization and interaction in the Early Bronze Age of northwestern Scandinavia","authors":"Knut Ivar Austvoll , Mikael Fauvelle , Johan Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to the Nordic Bronze Age included new technological innovations, social institutions and sociopolitical structures pushed by extensive long-distance exchange of metals and other exotica. However, traditional views often oversimplify this as a simple two-way trade system, failing to adequately explain the complex interactions in and between the regions like Scandinavia in which the societies organised themselves based on varied strategies tied to local resource potentials. Recent research, involving methods such as isotopic analysis and genomic sequencing, has provided solid evidence of movement and interaction. Despite this progress, the evidence at hand often lacks well-founded interpretations grounded in thorough theoretical frameworks. This study addresses interpretive challenges by employing an innovative framework grounded in collective action theory, integrating other aspects of social complexity and supported by regional datasets to achieve a more nuanced understanding of social dynamics. This approach informs us about the complex and contrasting organizational strategies and trade networks across northwestern Scandinavia (i.e. modern-day Norway up to the borders of Troms), illustrating further how local societies contributed to broader European networks. The study aims to offer a nuanced understanding of the region’s social dynamics, highlighting the interplay between coercive and cooperative strategies within the overarching Nordic Bronze Age system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer M. Farquhar , Arlene Rosen , Loukas Barton , Robert Drennan , Claire E. Ebert , Dalantai Sarantuya , Yadmaa Tserendagva
{"title":"Wetlands and grasslands: Habitat choice of hunters and herders across the transition to mobile pastoralism in Mongolia’s desert-steppe","authors":"Jennifer M. Farquhar , Arlene Rosen , Loukas Barton , Robert Drennan , Claire E. Ebert , Dalantai Sarantuya , Yadmaa Tserendagva","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the results of a study that investigates the settlement history of Mongolia’s desert-steppe to understand the role of foragers in the evolution of pastoralism. The study examines land use, mobility, technological organization, and environmental context prior to, during, and after the transition to food production (Neolithic-Kitan Periods, ca. 6050 BCE-1150 CE) to detect differences in how, when, and why people moved, illuminating how people make decisions about existing environments. Employing frameworks of habitat suitability and behavioral optimization, this study documents important shifts in land use and mobility across the Neolithic-Bronze Age transition (ca. 2550 BCE) as people began to take up herding. Settlement and population patterns indicate a pronounced change in habitat choice across this transition, suggesting that preferences of committed herding societies (Iron Age and beyond) were firmly established during the Bronze Age as people began to prioritize upland grasslands and productive wintertime vegetation. This shift coincided with the onset of dry, cool conditions, a reversal of wetter, cool environments where prior foragers targeted a broad range of habitats, including wetlands. These patterns set the stage for adaptations that came to define mobile pastoralism across Eurasia including high residential mobility, long distance connections, social differentiation, and broadly adopted mortuary traditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The material production of cultural difference in real time: Punjabi, Bengali, and NWFP-ness among Partition refugees in Delhi","authors":"Erin P. Riggs","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Archaeologists understand the limitations of viewing cultural categories as deterministic of material culture use and preference. Nonetheless, it is challenging to avoid such assumptions when attempting to interpret material patterns associated with moments of migration. This paper considers how regional identities shaped the ways refugees interacted with resettlement housing landscapes in Delhi (India) following the 1947 Partition of South Asia. Collating information from in-site survey, oral history interviews, and documentary records, I argue that refugees often view their prePartition regional identities as a major orienting factor in how they have interacted with urban landscapes in the city. Punjabi refugees self-describe their resettlement spaces as modern and quick-changing. Bengali refugees highlight the green space and festival grounds in their communities. Refugees from the North West Frontier Provence highlight their resilience in the face of coercive government planning. All view foregrounding such identities as means to counter the negative stereotypes associated with the broader identifier “refugee.” This case study highlights how individuals can themselves contribute to dominant narratives about the determinism of cultural identities and associated material signifiers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}