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INVESTIGATING SUBJECTIVE GRAMMAR DIFFICULTY IN ADVANCED GRAMMAR TEST 调查高级语法测试中的主观语法难度
IF 1.1 3区 文学
Lingua Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.34005/lingua.v19i2.3191
Muhammad Dhika Arif Rizqon, Dewi Wardah Mazidatur Rohmah
{"title":"INVESTIGATING SUBJECTIVE GRAMMAR DIFFICULTY IN ADVANCED GRAMMAR TEST","authors":"Muhammad Dhika Arif Rizqon, Dewi Wardah Mazidatur Rohmah","doi":"10.34005/lingua.v19i2.3191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34005/lingua.v19i2.3191","url":null,"abstract":"As language teachers and language scholars, many of us don’t realize that knowledge about language and grammar difficulty is like a double-edged sword. Unfortunately, grammar difficulty, as an unforeseen edge, has various uncovered variables that may benefit language learners. Therefore, our qualitative study aims to explore this issue by questioning the kinds of grammar difficulties confronted by master TEFL students in the context of a grammar test.","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY 影响学生口语能力的因素
IF 1.1 3区 文学
Lingua Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.34005/lingua.v19i2.3137
Sri Minda
{"title":"FACTORS INFLUENCING THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY","authors":"Sri Minda","doi":"10.34005/lingua.v19i2.3137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34005/lingua.v19i2.3137","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out through Quantitative research particularly survey method. The survey aims at examining the factors that influence the students’ speaking ability, to know the most significant factor that affects the students’ speaking ability, and to describe how the factors influence the students’ speaking ability in English Intensive Language Program UIN SYAHADA Padangsidimpuan. The findings were presented in mix method analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The instrument used to collect the data was questionnaire. The questionnaires were analyzed particularly by using multiple linear regression and further analysis, ANOVA, was used to determine the significant factor while questions 3 used descriptive technique. The results show that the 1. factors that influence the students’ speaking ability are students’ factors, campus environmental factor and parental involvement, 2. the most significant influencing factor on students’ speaking ability is campus environmental which is 52%. It is evident from the ANOVA results that the model reached statistical significance [F (3, 112) =18.912, Adjusted R2=.516, sig. <.05], and 3. Campus environmental greatly influences the students’ speaking ability which include the materials, the interactions, and the learning methods.","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF EFL LEARNERS' ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS AND WRITING ABILITY 动态评估英语学习者的学术写作技巧和写作能力
IF 1.1 3区 文学
Lingua Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.34005/lingua.v19i2.3178
M. Masrul, S. Erliana
{"title":"DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF EFL LEARNERS' ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS AND WRITING ABILITY","authors":"M. Masrul, S. Erliana","doi":"10.34005/lingua.v19i2.3178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34005/lingua.v19i2.3178","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to investigate factors related to writing skills and writing ability and how they influence writing skills and writing ability. Participants were 100 undergraduate students aged 18 to 21 at Indonesian Islamic University, consisting of 85 females and 15 males. Two different data analysis were performed: the Hierarchical Factorial Test to identify factors that can share meaningful correlation and a multiple regression test to examine the effect of an independent variable on the dependent variable. The findings showed that all variables of this research including content, organization, vocabulary, language, mechanics, thesis statement, blueprint, main idea, supporting, link, linker, fluency, logical order, rewordings, and clincher are contributing factors to the dependent variables. Sig value was lesser than 0.05, implying that the seven main factors had simultaneous and significant effects on the logical order variable.","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Versatile copulas and their stance-marking uses in conversational Odia, an Indo-Aryan language 印度雅利安语(Odia)会话中的多义共词及其立场标记用法
IF 1.1 3区 文学
Lingua Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103641
Foong Ha Yap , Anindita Sahoo
{"title":"Versatile copulas and their stance-marking uses in conversational Odia, an Indo-Aryan language","authors":"Foong Ha Yap ,&nbsp;Anindita Sahoo","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent typological studies have identified some major functions associated with copulas, including tense-aspect-mood (TAM) and agreement (AGR) marking. In this paper, using conversational data from Odia, an Indo-Aryan language, we examine the speaker stance functions in copula constructions. More specifically, in addition to focus marking as a highlighting strategy, we show how copulas help to anchor the speaker’s subjective (attitudinal and affective) and intersubjective (socio-interactional) stance. Our analysis reveals that these (inter)subjective stances can be realized epistemically through the tense-mood marking functions of the copula, socio-interactionally through its agreement marking functions, and emphatically through its focus marking functions. The findings from this study contribute to our understanding of the relationship between copulas and stance-taking/stance-marking in spontaneous conversations in Indo-Aryan languages, and potentially other languages as well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024384123001651/pdfft?md5=a9f2700c6323560b0a21c443eb876ebb&pid=1-s2.0-S0024384123001651-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138738956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards a domain-neutral prepositional semantics 迈向领域中立的介词语义学
IF 1.1 3区 文学
Lingua Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103624
Andreas Widoff
{"title":"Towards a domain-neutral prepositional semantics","authors":"Andreas Widoff","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prepositions with a range over several conceptual domains are often described as polysemous between these domains. Typically, spatial senses are seen as basic, while temporal and abstract senses are assumed to be derived from space. The present article argues in favour of an alternative analysis in which domain-neutral properties of prepositions are used to account for similarities between instances in different domains. Methodological considerations with respect to the analytical depth, generality and simplicity of semantic accounts speak in favour of such a domain-neutral approach. The approach is illustrated with two Swedish prepositions, <em>från</em> ‘from’ and <em>till</em> ‘to’, both of which span numerous domains. To facilitate semantic descriptions of the relation between domain-neutral and domain-specific content, a semantic notation in the form of feature structures is introduced</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024384123001481/pdfft?md5=ef21f5b0b0d7741c33038c17814dc031&pid=1-s2.0-S0024384123001481-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138686558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterizing natural interpreters’ attitudes towards interpreting: The effect of experimental contexts 自然口译员的口译态度特征:实验环境的影响
IF 1.1 3区 文学
Lingua Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103643
Esther Álvarez de la Fuente, Raquel Fernández Fuertes
{"title":"Characterizing natural interpreters’ attitudes towards interpreting: The effect of experimental contexts","authors":"Esther Álvarez de la Fuente,&nbsp;Raquel Fernández Fuertes","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bilingual children can perform natural interpreting in two different spontaneous settings, i.e., at home when acquiring their two languages and when practicing language brokering. In both cases, as natural interpreters and as child brokers, bilingual children can act as interpreters between two monolingual adults, although the scenario in which they interpret (domestic <em>versus</em> non-domestic settings, respectively) and the goal (raising children bilingually <em>versus</em> mediating for their family, respectively) may differ. Recently, some scholars have revealed how negatively or positively child brokers may see their role as family-society mediators. Likewise, natural interpreters may show positive or negative attitudes towards interpreting, and these may vary as they grow up as bilinguals. In order to observe how bilingual children respond to interpreting as they develop linguistically, experimental data from CHILDES involving a pair or twins across three elicited interpreting sessions were used (i.e., ages 4;6, 5;05, 6;03). The results show that both children translate efficiently and mainly when required to do so, providing predominantly simplified translations in their first experience and later an equal proportion of simplified and literal translations. To interpret these results, some external variables associated with experimental conditions (e.g., the aim behind interpreting; the interlocutors’ needs and roles; the duration of the sessions) are also taken into consideration which help characterize how natural interpreters face natural interpreting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138686370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imageability norms for 90 English spatio-temporal prepositions and semantically similar expressions 90 个英语时空介词和语义相似表达式的形象性规范
IF 1.1 3区 文学
Lingua Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103653
Seth Lindstromberg
{"title":"Imageability norms for 90 English spatio-temporal prepositions and semantically similar expressions","authors":"Seth Lindstromberg","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Imageability norms are presented for 90 single- and multiword spatio-temporal expressions of English including classic prepositions (e.g., <em>at, in front [of]</em>), intransitive prepositions (e.g., <em>away</em>), and common combinations such as <em>up against</em>. This 90-item set is a substantial enlargement and enhancement of a 56-item set collected in relation to a recently published study of phrasal verbs. For nearly half of the expressions in that earlier set there are now revised mean ratings based on proportionally large increases in the number of respondents from whom ratings were obtained. The enlarged set includes 34 newly rated spatio-temporal expressions, 19 of which appear to have no other published imageability rating. The 90-item list appears to be unique in its coverage of multiword prepositions and unusual in that 20% of the ratings pertain to items that raters saw with disambiguating information (e.g., “<em>back</em>, as in <em>move back</em>”). These 90 norms could be useful in many streams of research owing both to the importance of spatio-temporal prepositions in communication and to the well-established association of lexeme imageability with enhanced memorability, speedy mental processing, and learnability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138686335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Variation in verbal negation in Jordanian Arabic: A corpus-based analysis 约旦阿拉伯语中否定动词的变化:基于语料库的分析
IF 1.1 3区 文学
Lingua Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103644
Ekab Al-Shawashreh , Marwan Jarrah , Eman Al Khalaf
{"title":"Variation in verbal negation in Jordanian Arabic: A corpus-based analysis","authors":"Ekab Al-Shawashreh ,&nbsp;Marwan Jarrah ,&nbsp;Eman Al Khalaf","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Jordanian Arabic (JA) has two main patterns for verbal negation, i.e., preverbal negation (<em>ma: ….</em>) and discontinuous negation (<em>ma:</em> …. <em>-ʃ</em>). This article provides a variationist account of the distribution of these two patterns in light of a number of social and linguistic factors. The social factors include age, gender, educational attainment and region. The linguistic factors, on the other hand, include the transitivity of the verb, the tense of the associate utterance, the stativity and the lexical type of the verb (i.e., cognitive, desiderative, speech and perception), as well as the person, animacy and definiteness of the associate subject. Following distributional and multivariate analyses of 40 sociolinguistic interviews (more than 30 hours of audio-recordings), we find that all social factors (education, gender, region and age), the lexical type of the verb, the definiteness of the subject and the tense of the associate utterance have a significant impact on the selection of the negation patterns in JA. Such preferences are argued to follow from independent factors, including the speaker's regional background, gender identity and prestige.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024384123001687/pdfft?md5=f9e04182c5aceee8b226cbe2a3e8d5af&pid=1-s2.0-S0024384123001687-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Translanguaging, transculturality, and the English naming practice for children in China 跨语言、跨文化与中国儿童的英语命名实践
IF 1.1 3区 文学
Lingua Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103645
Wenhong Huang , Dezheng (William) Feng
{"title":"Translanguaging, transculturality, and the English naming practice for children in China","authors":"Wenhong Huang ,&nbsp;Dezheng (William) Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines Chinese parents’ English naming practices for their children through the analytical lens of translanguaging and transculturality, with the former conceptualised as the linguistic manifestation of the latter. A survey was conducted with 416 Chinese-speaking parents living in four metropolitan cities in the Chinese mainland: Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. Forty of these parents were also interviewed. The results revealed that 89% of the respondents (<em>n</em> = 334) had given English names to their children. Among the 334 English names collected, only 6 names were randomly chosen, demonstrating that most parents put considerable thought into selecting English names for their children. Linguistic analysis of the 328 carefully-selected names revealed that 208 names involved translanguaging, and five subcategories were identified: <em>Pinyin</em> romanisation, translingual rhyming, translingual homophony, literal translation, and meaning association. The remaining 120 names manifested a ‘transcultural recontextualisation’ of English names, mainly including names of movie/book characters and celebrities. The results shed light on boundary-crossing in translanguaging practices and provide new insights into translanguaging creativity as a means of creating transcultural identities. They further show that transculturality is a multi-directional process at the level of cultural flow and a scaled continuum in terms of cultural hybridity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024384123001699/pdfft?md5=6bedd8c46e6bb7ceda68839bc47dd182&pid=1-s2.0-S0024384123001699-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards a comprehensive pragmatic model of subjectivity: Empirical evidence from French 走向主体性的综合语用模式:来自法语的经验证据
IF 1.1 3区 文学
Lingua Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103642
Cristina Grisot , Joanna Blochowiak
{"title":"Towards a comprehensive pragmatic model of subjectivity: Empirical evidence from French","authors":"Cristina Grisot ,&nbsp;Joanna Blochowiak","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper delves into the phenomenon of subjectivity, with a particular focus on one of its components – perspective taking. It explores two linguistic cues categories: verb tenses in their perspectival usages and Free Indirect Discourse (FID). In this paper, we experimentally test how readers process sentences in which the French Passé Simple is employed in a perspectival manner within two types of subjective contexts: those with FID and those without FID markers. In addition, we consider whether the processing is influenced by the type of emotion expressed in these subjective contexts, whether it is positive or negative. We find a facilitation effect exclusively in FID contexts and only when the emotion expressed is positive. This could suggest that it is not the verb tense itself which is a cue for speaker’s subjectivity, but rather its occurrence in contexts such as FID. To interpret the results, we build on an array of empirical results found on connectives, verb tenses, and FID to put forward a comprehensive pragmatic model of subjectivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024384123001663/pdfft?md5=9993b218f07669d7c40364a5a77757bf&pid=1-s2.0-S0024384123001663-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138439448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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