{"title":"Estimating welfare impacts of climate change using a discrete-choice model of land management: An application to western U.S. forestry","authors":"Yukiko Hashida , David J. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops a method to estimate the welfare impacts of climate change on landowners using a discrete-choice econometric model of land management. We apply the method to forest management in the Pacific states of the U.S. and estimate welfare effects on the region that holds the largest current commercial value – western Oregon and Washington. We find evidence that a warmer and drier climate will induce an approximate 39 % loss in the economic value of timberland by 2050, though there is heterogeneity across space. The discrete-choice approach allows us to determine that the welfare losses are primarily driven by estimated losses to Douglas-fir, the most commercially valuable species. An alternative approach to welfare analysis from climate change is the Ricardian method, which gives conceptually similar estimates to the discrete-choice method. While we find similar empirical findings between the discrete-choice and Ricardian approaches, the discrete-choice approach provides more heterogeneity and somewhat larger negative welfare impacts. Our analysis is notable for providing the first empirical evidence that climate change can induce welfare losses to timberland owners, even while accounting for optimal adaptation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47952,"journal":{"name":"Resource and Energy Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928765522000124/pdfft?md5=dbe069ee0fdc2abb3ddbb6a009930e98&pid=1-s2.0-S0928765522000124-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49297661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Schwartz , J. Choumert-Nkolo , J.-L. Combes , P. Combes-Motel , E. Kere
{"title":"Optimal protected area implementation under spillover effects","authors":"S. Schwartz , J. Choumert-Nkolo , J.-L. Combes , P. Combes-Motel , E. Kere","doi":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper determines the best political implementation level of protected areas in the presence of two spillover effects, the infrastructure and scarcity effects. We show that decentralized regulation always leads to an overall decrease in deforestation under the infrastructure effect but not under the scarcity effect. Centralized regulation always leads to a larger protected area than decentralized regulation under the scarcity effect, which is not always true under the infrastructure effect. Finally, we conduct a case study of the Brazilian Legal Amazônia and find that spillover effects matter in the size of protected area design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47952,"journal":{"name":"Resource and Energy Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47150988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Wolf , H. Allen Klaiber , Sathya Gopalakrishnan
{"title":"Beyond marginal: Estimating the demand for water quality","authors":"David Wolf , H. Allen Klaiber , Sathya Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using micro-level data across Wisconsin covering over 100 inland lakes, we recover first- and second-stage hedonic welfare estimates for non-marginal changes in water quality. We overcome longstanding endogeneity concerns with Rosen (1974)’s second stage hedonic framework and recover slope estimates for water quality demand using instruments based on sorting behavior. For near lake Wisconsin households, we find the slope of their water quality demand function is bounded by − 2087 when imperfect instruments are employed, which is significantly more price inelastic than the naïve OLS estimate of − 895. Applying these estimates to a hypothetical policy scenario where water quality reduces by 24.2% due to a 30-year continuation of current trends, we find welfare losses of at least $7554 per household. These losses are 22% ($1658) more than what is predicted from marginal willingness to pay estimates recovered from the first-stage hedonic. For policymakers, our results highlight the importance of recovering underlying demand functions when evaluating non-marginal water quality improvements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47952,"journal":{"name":"Resource and Energy Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47245731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drive less, drive better, or both? Behavioral adjustments to fuel price changes in Germany","authors":"Anna Alberini , Marco Horvath , Colin Vance","doi":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand for motor fuel should decline when its price rises, but how exactly does that happen? Do people drive less, do they drive more carefully to conserve fuel, or do they do both? To answer these questions, we use data from the German Mobility Panel from 2004 to 2019, taking advantage of the fluctuations in motor fuel prices over time and across locales to see how they affect Vehicle Kilometers Traveled (VKT) and on-road fuel economy (expressed in kilometers per liter) for gasoline and diesel cars. Our reduced-form regressions show that while the VKTs driven by gasoline cars decrease when the price of gasoline rises, there is virtually no response among diesel cars. Likewise, the on-road fuel economy is largely unresponsive to fuel price changes, irrespective of the fuel type. Since the price elasticity of fuel consumption is the difference between the price elasticity of VKT and the price elasticity of the fuel economy, our results suggest that the fuel economy might be the “weakest link” of price-based policies that seek to address environmental externalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47952,"journal":{"name":"Resource and Energy Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72290572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discriminatory subsidies for energy-efficient technologies and the role of envy","authors":"Valeria Fanghella , Corinne Faure , Marie-Charlotte Guetlein , Joachim Schleich","doi":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Discriminatory subsidies, that is, subsidies for which only a subset of the population is eligible, are widespread. However, research on social preferences suggests that non-eligible households may negatively respond to these subsidies. We investigate both eligible and non-eligible households’ response to discriminatory subsidies for smart thermostats using a discrete choice experiment with 3071 owner-occupiers from France and Romania. Households are randomly exposed to discriminatory subsidies through a between-subject design that manipulates two factors: type of discrimination (positive or negative) and eligibility criteria (based on geographical location or on household characteristics). A control condition (uniform subsidy) is also included. In addition, we elicit envy via an incentivized game in the sample from France. Our results show that eligible households are more likely to adopt a smart thermostat, regardless of whether the subsidy is uniform or discriminatory. By contrast, non-eligible households are less likely to adopt it, especially when eligibility criteria are based on household characteristics. We find no evidence for a moderating effect of envy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47952,"journal":{"name":"Resource and Energy Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46003793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-country spillovers of renewable energy promotion—The case of Germany","authors":"Jan Abrell , Mirjam Kosch","doi":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electricity generation based on renewable energy (RE) sources such as wind and solar replace the most expensive generators that often rely on fossil fuels. In response to RE promotion, wholesale electricity prices and carbon emissions are therefore expected to decrease. In interconnected electricity systems, this so-called merit-order effect stimulates a change in electricity trade flows. Therefore, conventional generation and prices in neighboring countries are also likely to decrease. The impact of these trade reactions on carbon offsets is ambiguous and depends on installed generation and interconnector capacities. Moreover, the cross-border merit-order effect causes opposing effects on consumers and producers: generators’ profits decline, while consumers benefit from lower electricity costs and an increase in the consumer surplus. Using a rich data set of hourly technology-specific generation and wholesale market price data for ten central European countries, we estimate the domestic and cross-border impacts of German RE for the years 2015–2020. We find that German RE generation offset 79–113 MtCO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> per year. The major emission effect took place in Germany (64–99 MtCO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>). The average cost of emission offset of 212–321<span><math><mo>€</mo></math></span>/t were almost entirely borne by German market participants. Neighboring countries do not bear costs, but a significant shift from producer to consumer rents is observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47952,"journal":{"name":"Resource and Energy Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72290573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Picciano , Francisco X. Aguilar , Dallas Burtraw , Ashkan Mirzaee
{"title":"Environmental and socio-economic implications of woody biomass co-firing at coal-fired power plants","authors":"Paul Picciano , Francisco X. Aguilar , Dallas Burtraw , Ashkan Mirzaee","doi":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We apply a detailed power sector model to explore the near-term role of woody biomass co-firing at existing coal facilities in the Eastern US in the decarbonization of US electricity generation. We evaluate five public policy interventions: a biomass co-firing subsidy, two carbon emissions fees, and two clean energy standards. Treating woody biomass as a carbon neutral feedstock, we find co-firing weakly supports decarbonization. However, policies subsidizing co-firing can delay retirement of coal facilities and reduce generation from nuclear, natural gas, wind and solar. Consequently, corresponding sector-wide emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> may increase (slightly) due to greater utilization of coal plants including relatively inefficient facilities. We assume NO<sub>X</sub> emissions increase due to generation efficiency losses, but this remains uncertain. Due to higher emissions, a biomass subsidy for co-firing yields small (near zero) economic welfare losses, while in contrast other policies advance decarbonization and yield significant welfare gains. We find justification for biomass use from a local perspective based on first-order impacts on employment and economy activity, but less so air quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47952,"journal":{"name":"Resource and Energy Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72290575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Raising climate ambition in emissions trading systems: The case of the EU ETS and the 2021 review","authors":"Simon Quemin","doi":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We provide a quantitative assessment of policy options to inform the 2021 review of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and raise climate ambition. We use a permit trading model in which firms utilize rolling finite planning horizons, which replicates historical price and banking developments well compared to an infinite horizon. When firms have bounded foresight, indirectly raising ambition through the Market Stability Reserve (MSR) is not equivalent to directly raising ambition through the emissions cap trajectory. Leveraging the MSR turns out to be efficiency improving as it compensates for firms’ bounded foresight by frontloading abatement efforts. We analyze the MSR interaction with the cap trajectory to exploit synergies and minimize the cost of raising ambition. We also provide a comparative assessment of a complete suite of changes in the MSR parameters. Whatever its parameters, MSR-induced resilience to demand shocks remains limited by design: the MSR acts more as an unconditional price support provider than as a responsive price stabilizer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47952,"journal":{"name":"Resource and Energy Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928765522000173/pdfft?md5=01279b56fc8d5091aa85dac445aba602&pid=1-s2.0-S0928765522000173-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48379793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Market competition and strategic choices of electric power sources under fluctuating demand","authors":"Hiroaki Ino , Norimichi Matsueda , Toshihiro Matsumura","doi":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2021.101280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2021.101280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effects of the introduction of a competitor on the behavior of an incumbent electricity producer who used to be a local monopolist. We especially focus on its implications for the incumbent's decision of capacity choice between two different electric power sources: one with a relatively high production cost (peak-load technology), which is represented by gas-fired power generation, and the other with a relatively high capacity-building cost (base-load technology), which is represented by nuclear power generation. We assume that the entrant does not have access to the latter technology, and also that demand fluctuates over time, as is typically the case with any electricity market. We show that the introduction of a competitor increases the capacity of nuclear power generation if and only if the nuclear power capacity is sufficiently <em>costly</em> to establish, in comparison with the marginal production cost of a gas-fired plant. This result also implies that the competition tends to decrease the nuclear capacity when the level of carbon tax, which raises the relative production cost of gas-fired power generation, is sufficiently <em>high</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47952,"journal":{"name":"Resource and Energy Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43018910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moving down the energy ladder: In-utero temperature and fuel choice in adulthood","authors":"Manuel Barron","doi":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A growing literature shows that weather conditions during gestation can have persistent impacts on education and income, especially among females. However, the consequences of these impacts on behavior and choices during adulthood are still under-explored. To shed light on this issue, I use survey data for over 200,000 households in Peru and find that average temperature during gestation affects fuel choice during adulthood among women, with extensive margin increases in the use of dirty cooking fuels, but no changes in the likelihood of fuel stacking. Analysis of the mechanisms suggests that female head’s income may be a more important driver than education. Supporting this argument, I show that the effects of in-utero temperature disappear among female beneficiaries of a conditional cash transfer program.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47952,"journal":{"name":"Resource and Energy Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47659122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}