Xinmin Peng , Yanze Liang , Yao Wang , Steven Shijin Zhou
{"title":"How do MNEs respond to internationalization tensions under “new globalization”: A paradoxical view","authors":"Xinmin Peng , Yanze Liang , Yao Wang , Steven Shijin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising geopolitical tensions and the fragmentation of global markets are reshaping the strategic landscape for multinationals, forcing them to manage competing demands in an increasingly uncertain world. This study examines how firms navigate these tensions through a longitudinal case study of Haitian, a Chinese multinational in the injection molding industry over a seven-year period between 2017 and 2024. Drawing on paradox theory, we identify three core internationalization paradoxes in terms of top management team (TMT) orientations, organizational configurations, and strategic actions which arise from the fragmented but interconnected nature of the “new globalization.” We show how Haitian manages these persistent contradictions through integrated response mechanisms, involving realignment at the TMT level, organizational restructuring, and relocation of global value chain activities. By linking geopolitical disruption with firm-level adaptation, this study contributes to emerging research on how multinationals maintain global engagement under conditions of geopolitical uncertainty and decoupling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 6","pages":"Article 101296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Profitability and CSR: Inconsistent performance feedback and OFDI location choices for firms in emerging countries","authors":"Cong Cheng, Linyi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study applies the multiple performance feedback model to explain how performance-aspiration gaps relative to profitability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) goals influence emerging economy firms' (EEFs) outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) location choices. A sample of Chinese listed firms is used to understand the relationship between firms' inconsistent performance feedback and their OFDI location choices in developed and developing countries. We find that when performance on a profitability goal is high, and performance on a CSR goal is low, it increases EEFs' OFDI in developed countries; when performance on a profitability goal is low, and performance on a CSR goal is high, it increases EEFs' OFDI in developing countries. Our results further show that these effects are more significant in EEFs operating in high-pollution industries. Our theory and findings highlight the importance of performance feedback regarding multiple goals in regulating the key locus of search choices and extend research on EEFs' internationalization and multiple performance feedback.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 6","pages":"Article 101308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alfredo D'Angelo , Marco Grazzi , Le Li , Daniele Moschella
{"title":"Unbundling the effect of E-I relationship termination on export performance: The moderating role of export experience","authors":"Alfredo D'Angelo , Marco Grazzi , Le Li , Daniele Moschella","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The termination of an exporter-importer (<em>E</em>-I) relationship could challenge the company's export process. What are the consequences on the company's export performance in the foreign country? What role does export experience play in this relationship? The paper explores the overlooked phenomenon of E-I relationship termination and provides robust empirical evidence that the event has negative consequences on the firm's export performance in the foreign country. Despite this unsurprising, yet previously untested finding, our study shows a second important remark i.e., if the exporting firm has prior export experience, it is then able to cope with the negative effect of the termination event. Moreover, we find that the positive effect of prior export experience is only present in the early years of exporting. The results are based on a large longitudinal sample of French firms exporting to foreign buyers in EU countries. Findings are discussed along an in-depth case study to enhance robustness and comprehensiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 6","pages":"Article 101295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vas Taras , Marketa Rickley , Ilan Alon , Longzhu Dong , Hilde Malmin
{"title":"Predictors of Cultural Intelligence: Automated Machine Learning vs. PLS-SEM","authors":"Vas Taras , Marketa Rickley , Ilan Alon , Longzhu Dong , Hilde Malmin","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study applies a dual-method analytical approach combining Automated Machine Learning (AML) and PLS-SEM to investigate the predictors of Cultural Intelligence (CQ), one of the most commonly used constructs in international business (IB) research. Our research seeks to (1) explore a wide range of potential CQ predictors, and (2) demonstrate how AML and PLS-SEM methodologies can complement each other in IB research. Using a large international sample of 58,784 participants from 160 countries, we find that while international experience and personality traits predict CQ as expected, English language proficiency and emotional intelligence also emerge as significant predictors. The methodological comparison confirms that AML excels in exploratory pattern detection and handling complex datasets, while PLS-SEM enables theory testing and structural validation. The integration of both methods yields richer insights than either method alone. Implications for practice and research are discussed, and guidelines for using AML and PLS-SEM in IB research are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thi Hoang Mai Do , Umair Tanveer , Shamaila Ishaq , Thinh Gia Hoang
{"title":"Safe-shoring and resource orchestration for B2B firms in emerging economies","authors":"Thi Hoang Mai Do , Umair Tanveer , Shamaila Ishaq , Thinh Gia Hoang","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global economic landscape has witnessed significant disruptions, prompting businesses to reevaluate their internationalization strategies. Safe-shoring, involving strategic realignment to mitigate risks while maintaining competitiveness, is crucial in volatile international markets. Drawing upon the Resource Orchestration Theory (ROT), the research employs a multiple-case research design involving four B2B organizations from an Asian developing country. Findings reveal that market demand, regulatory environments, and strategic objectives significantly influence firms' decisions to adopt safe-shoring practices. Moreover, the study identifies and analyzes trade-offs encountered in resource orchestration, such as those between cost-effectiveness and quality, specialization and control, and short-term gains versus long-term sustainability. The study enriches ROT by identifying and analyzing specific resource-orchestrated capabilities developed by these firms and uncovers trade-offs encountered in their deployment. The empirical evidence contributes to theoretical advancements in understanding resource allocation, strategic decision-making, and risk management in international business, providing valuable insights for practitioners and scholars alike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging market SMEs' internationalization enablers and their influence on internationalization patterns: The case of Turkish automotive suppliers","authors":"Hasan Harmanci , Mahmoud Khalik , Jose Godinez","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets (EMs) are increasingly engaging in internationalization<span><span> despite facing resource constraints and institutional barriers. However, there is limited understanding of how internationalization enablers influence internationalization patterns in these contexts. We investigate how networks, strategic entrepreneurship, and government support shape the speed, scope, and scale of internationalization among EM SMEs. Analyzing Turkish SMEs in the automotive supplier </span>industry, we adopt a multiple </span></span>case study<span> approach to examine how they mobilize internal and external enablers under conditions of institutional duality and market volatility. Our findings reveal that institutional and business networks accelerate initial market entry and broaden geographic reach, while social networks play only a marginal role. Strategic entrepreneurship, particularly through frugal innovation, learning, and alliances, enables firms to expand and sustain international operations over time. Government support mechanisms, such as trade fair subsidies and export grants, play a critical role in reducing entry barriers and extending foreign market reach, although their effect on scale remains limited.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond the numbers game: understanding organizational response to nationalization policy in the Middle East","authors":"Tahniyath Fatima, Saïd Elbanna","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its potential benefits, the impact of nationalization initiatives that focus on developing the national workforce, such as Qatarization, on organizational performance remains largely elusive. Drawing from 313 responses from organizations in Qatar, this study illuminates these dynamics by investigating the associations between Qatarization as an indicator of HRM development, namely Qatarization effectiveness, and Qatarization as a statistical indicator, labeled as Qatari Employment Metric that measures higher proportion of Qatari staff, with organizational performance (both financial and non-financial). Our findings provide empirical support for the human capital theory and resource-based view theory through disclosing that Qatarization effectiveness has a positive impact on both financial and non-financial performance. However, a higher proportion of Qatari staff by itself does not necessarily signal better performance and may, in fact, negatively influence non-financial outcomes. We further examine the complex institutional context and discover that stakeholder uncertainty attenuates the positive effect of Qatarization effectiveness on non-financial performance, while the presence of Qatarization expertise can counterbalance the adverse impact of high percentage of Qatari staff on non-financial performance. The results enhance our understanding of the complexities of nationalization public policies and their bearing on organizational performance in the Middle East, thereby emphasizing the necessity of strategic human resource management practices for effective human capital policy implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatiana Lukoianove , Andreea Mihalache-Okeef , Irem Demirkan , Crystal Jiang , Asda Chintakananda , George O. White III
{"title":"Emerging methodologies in socio-political risk research: An introduction","authors":"Tatiana Lukoianove , Andreea Mihalache-Okeef , Irem Demirkan , Crystal Jiang , Asda Chintakananda , George O. White III","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This editorial introduces a special issue (SI) aimed at advancing research on socio-political risk (SPR) and its impact on international business (IB) through methodological innovations. To contextualize the contributions of this SI and shed light on how SPR research has evolved over time, we first examine recent methodological trends in the field. We conducted bibliometric analysis of 829 SPR-related papers published in top management journals between 2019 and 2023 to identify recent changes in the use of methodologies in SPR scholarship. This analysis demonstrates that SPR research had some methodological diversity, relying predominantly on regression analysis, followed by case studies<span><span>, textual analysis, and discrete choice modeling<span>. Certain methods were used more frequently than others for studying specific types of SPRs. Our findings also revealed dissatisfaction with aggregate measures of SPRs, leading to increased use of content analysis for improving the understanding of SPR's multidimensionality. To address some of these gaps and to take SPR scholarship to the next methodological level, we selected seven pioneering papers for this SI. Two SI papers explain the use of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) for studying the multifaceted nature and subjectivity of SPR. The SI introduces two novel datasets: one on lobbying for the analyzing corporate political activities of foreign firms in the US and another on nightlights data for SPR analysis. Three innovative measures offered in the SI's papers are especially useful for measuring specific SPR aspects such as nationalistic political rhetoric, grassroots socio-political sentiments, and cross-national information distance. These contributions aim to extend our understanding of SPRs within international management domain by emphasizing the need for </span></span>methodological pluralism and interdisciplinary approaches when studying SPR.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental strategic role orientations of multinational enterprises: Different shades of green","authors":"Revti Raman Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in tackling environmental sustainability challenges is contested. Some MNEs lead and champion environmental sustainability initiatives, while others use greenwashing and exploit pollution havens. We describe these approaches towards environmental sustainability as different ‘shades of green.’ Based on a systematic literature review of 77 articles from 13 international business and strategy journals, we present a dynamic typology and profiles of MNEs' environmental strategic role orientations (ESROs). These ESROs (leader, champion, masquerader, and exploiter) depend on various configurations of green resources and capabilities, and institutional pressures. The developed profiles relate to ESROs' environmental strategy, performance, and disclosures. We also suggest future research opportunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two heads are better than one: Determinants of European MNC's headquarters dispersion in their home region","authors":"Ana Botella Andreu , Katiuscia Lavoratori","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the relationship between the complexity of the international activities of European multinational corporations (MNCs) and the regional dispersion of their headquarters (HQ) systems within their home region. To explore this, we assess both external complexity (related to MNC’ exposure to different markets) and internal complexity (the nature of the value chain and activities carried out by the MNC) and analyze their effects on headquarters dispersion.</div><div>Theoretically, we draw on Information Processing Theory, which recognizes that higher value-added activities (e.g., R&D, marketing) are inherently more complex to manage. As a result, strategic responses to this complexity influence the structure of the headquarters system. Our hypotheses are tested using a sample of 554 new foreign HQ investments by European companies. The findings suggest that the level of complexity drives the regional dispersion of headquarters systems.</div><div>From an academic standpoint, we operationalize the complexity of multinational corporations, particularly focusing on internal complexity by considering the characteristics of the value chain and subsidiary activities. Additionally, we connect both internal and external complexity at the regional level to the strategic response of headquarters dispersion from an empirical perspective. Finally, our study suggests that following the regionalization of value chains, headquarters may be reorganized geographically, which is also a topic of interest for policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}