Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Treating taboo thoughts on a psychiatric intensive care unit: a four-phase mixed methods single case experimental design","authors":"Stephen Kellett, Chris Gaskell, Andy Keslake, Mike Seneviratne, Melanie Simmonds-Buckley","doi":"10.1017/s1352465824000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352465824000146","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Well-designed evaluations of psychological interventions on psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) are a rarity. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for intrusive taboo thoughts with a patient diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder admitted to a PICU due to significant ongoing risk of harm to self. Method: This was a four-phase ABC plus community follow-up (D) mixed methods <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=1 single case experimental design. Four idiographic measures were collected daily across four phases; the baseline (A) was during PICU admission, the first treatment phase (B) was behavioural on the PICU, the second treatment phase (C) was cognitive on an acute ward and the follow-up phase (D) was conducted in the community. Four nomothetic measures were taken on admission, on discharge from the PICU, discharge from the acute ward and then at 4-week follow-up. The participant was also interviewed at follow-up using the Change Interview. Results: Compared with baseline, the behavioural and the cognitive interventions appeared effective in terms of improving calmness, optimism and rumination, but the effects on sociability were poor. There was evidence across idiographic and nomothetic outcomes of a relapse during the follow-up phase in the community. Eleven idiographic changes were reported in the interview and these tended to be unexpected, related to the therapy and personally important. Discussion: Single case methods can be responsive to tracking the progress of patients moving through in-patient pathways and differing modules of evidence-based interventions. There is a real need to implement robust outcome methodologies on PICUs to better evaluate the psychological aspects of care in this context.","PeriodicalId":47936,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated VR therapy for improving positive self-beliefs and psychological well-being in young patients with psychosis: a proof of concept evaluation of Phoenix VR self-confidence therapy.","authors":"Daniel Freeman, Jason Freeman, Memoona Ahmed, Phoebe Haynes, Helen Beckwith, Aitor Rovira, Andre Lages Miguel, Rupert Ward, Matthew Bousfield, Ludovic Riffiod, Thomas Kabir, Felicity Waite, Laina Rosebrock","doi":"10.1017/S1352465823000553","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1352465823000553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low self-confidence in patients with psychosis is common. This can lead to higher symptom severity, withdrawal from activities, and low psychological well-being. There are effective psychological techniques to improve positive self-beliefs but these are seldom provided in psychosis services. With young people with lived experience of psychosis we developed a scalable automated VR therapy to enhance positive-self beliefs.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim was to conduct a proof of concept clinical test of whether the new VR self-confidence therapy (Phoenix) may increase positive self-beliefs and psychological well-being.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twelve young patients with non-affective psychosis and with low levels of positive self-beliefs participated. Over 6 weeks, patients were provided with a stand-alone VR headset so that they could use Phoenix at home and were offered weekly psychologist meetings. The outcome measures were the Oxford Positive Self Scale (OxPos), Brief Core Schema Scale, and Warwick-Edinburgh Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). Satisfaction, adverse events and side-effects were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven patients provided outcome data. There were very large end-of-treatment improvements in positive self-beliefs (OxPos mean difference = 32.3; 95% CI: 17.3, 47.3; Cohen's <i>d</i>=3.0) and psychological well-being (WEMWBS mean difference = 11.2; 95% CI: 8.0, 14.3; Cohen's <i>d</i>=1.5). Patients rated the quality of the VR therapy as: excellent (<i>n</i>=9), good (<i>n</i>=2), fair (<i>n</i>=0), poor (<i>n</i>=0). An average of 5.3 (<i>SD</i>=1.4) appointments were attended.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Uptake of the VR intervention was high, satisfaction was high, and side-effects extremely few. There were promising indications of large improvements in positive self-beliefs and psychological well-being. A randomized controlled clinical evaluation is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":47936,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtually delivered guided self-help for binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa: findings from a service evaluation.","authors":"Bethan Dalton, Molly R Davies, Michaela Flynn, Chloe Hutchings-Hay, Rachel Potterton, Eleanor Breen O'Byrne, Charmaine Kilonzo, Stefano R Belli, Lucy Gallop, Gemma Gordon, Johanna Keeler, Imelda Minnock, Matthew Phillips, Lauren Robinson, Emma Snashall, Cindy Toloza, Luiza Walo, Jason Cole, Ulrike Schmidt","doi":"10.1017/S1352465823000607","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1352465823000607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timely intervention is beneficial to the effectiveness of eating disorder (ED) treatment, but limited capacity within ED services means that these disorders are often not treated with sufficient speed. This service evaluation extends previous research into guided self-help (GSH) for adults with bulimic spectrum EDs by assessing the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of virtually delivered GSH using videoconferencing.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED) and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED) waiting for treatment in a large specialist adult ED out-patient service were offered virtually delivered GSH. The programme used an evidence-based cognitive behavioural self-help book. Individuals were supported by non-expert coaches, who delivered the eight-session programme via videoconferencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and thirty patients were allocated to a GSH coach between 1 September 2020 and 30 September 2022; 106 (82%) started treatment and 78 (60%) completed treatment. Amongst completers, there were large reductions in ED behaviours and attitudinal symptoms, measured by the ED-15. The largest effect sizes for change between pre- and post-treatment were seen for binge eating episode frequency (<i>d</i> = -0.89) and concerns around eating (<i>d</i> = -1.72). Patients from minoritised ethnic groups were over-represented in the non-completer group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Virtually delivered GSH is feasible, acceptable and effective in reducing ED symptoms amongst those with bulimic spectrum disorders. Implementing virtually delivered GSH reduced waiting times, offering a potential solution for long waiting times for ED treatment. Further research is needed to compare GSH to other brief therapies and investigate barriers for patients from culturally diverse groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":47936,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139543250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daydreaming and grandiose delusions: development of the Qualities of Daydreaming Scale.","authors":"Louise Isham, Bao Sheng Loe, Alice Hicks, Natalie Wilson, Richard P Bentall, Daniel Freeman","doi":"10.1017/S1352465824000018","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1352465824000018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Daydreaming may contribute to the maintenance of grandiose delusions. Repeated, pleasant and vivid daydreams about the content of grandiose delusions may keep the ideas in mind, elaborate the details, and increase the degree of conviction in the delusion. Pleasant daydreams more generally could contribute to elevated mood, which may influence the delusion content.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We sought to develop a brief questionnaire, suitable for research and clinical practice, to assess daydreaming and test potential associations with grandiosity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>798 patients with psychosis (375 with grandiose delusions) and 4518 non-clinical adults (1788 with high grandiosity) were recruited. Participants completed a daydreaming item pool and measures of grandiosity, time spent thinking about the grandiose belief, and grandiose belief conviction. Factor analysis was used to derive the Qualities of Daydreaming Scale (QuOD) and associations were tested using pairwise correlations and structural equation modelling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The questionnaire had three factors: realism, pleasantness, and frequency of daydreams. The measure was invariant across clinical and non-clinical groups. Internal consistency was good (alpha-ordinals: realism=0.86, pleasantness=0.93, frequency=0.82) as was test-retest reliability (intra-class coefficient=0.75). Daydreaming scores were higher in patients with grandiose delusions than in patients without grandiose delusions or in the non-clinical group. Daydreaming was significantly associated with grandiosity, time spent thinking about the grandiose delusion, and grandiose delusion conviction, explaining 19.1, 7.7 and 5.2% of the variance in the clinical group data, respectively. Similar associations were found in the non-clinical group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The process of daydreaming may be one target in psychological interventions for grandiose delusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47936,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A feasibility and pilot additive randomised control trial of attachment security priming during behavioural activation.","authors":"Charlotte Heathcote, James Walton, Stephen Kellett, Abi Millings, Melanie Simmonds-Buckley, Andy Wright","doi":"10.1017/S1352465823000504","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1352465823000504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is some initial evidence that attachment security priming may be useful for promoting engagement in therapy and improving clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study sought to assess whether outcomes for behavioural activation delivered in routine care could be enhanced via the addition of attachment security priming.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a pragmatic two-arm feasibility and pilot additive randomised control trial. Participants were recruited with depression deemed suitable for a behavioural activation intervention at Step 2 of a Talking Therapies for Anxiety and Depression service. Ten psychological wellbeing practitioners were trained in implementing attachment security priming. Study participants were randomised to either behavioural activation (BA) or BA plus an attachment prime. The diagrammatic prime was integrated into the depression workbook. Feasibility outcomes were training satisfaction, recruitment, willingness to participate and study attrition rates. Pilot outcomes were comparisons of clinical outcomes, attendance, drop-out and stepping-up rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All practitioners recruited to the study, and training satisfaction was high. Of the 39 patients that were assessed for eligibility, 24 were randomised (61.53%) and there were no study drop-outs. No significant differences were found between the arms with regards to drop-out, attendance, stepping-up or clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further controlled research regarding the utility of attachment security priming is warranted in larger studies that utilise manipulation checks and monitor intervention adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":47936,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and initial evaluation of a treatment integrity measure for low-intensity group psychoeducational interventions.","authors":"Jonah Gosling, Melanie Simmonds-Buckley, Stephen Kellett, Daniel Duffy, Katarzyna Olenkiewicz-Martyniszyn","doi":"10.1017/S1352465823000528","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1352465823000528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the importance of assessing the quality with which low-intensity (LI) group psychoeducational interventions are delivered, no measure of treatment integrity (TI) has been developed.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To develop a psychometrically robust TI measure for LI psychoeducational group interventions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study had two phases. Firstly, the group psychoeducation treatment integrity measure-expert rater (GPTIM-ER) and a detailed scoring manual were developed. This was piloted by <i>n</i>=5 expert raters rating the same LI group session; <i>n</i>=6 expert raters then assessed content validity. Secondly, 10 group psychoeducational sessions drawn from routine practice were then rated by <i>n</i>=8 expert raters using the GPTIM-ER; <i>n</i>=9 patients also rated the quality of the group sessions using a sister version (i.e. GPTIM-P) and clinical and service outcome data were drawn from the LI groups assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GPTIM-ER had excellent internal reliability, good test-retest reliability, but poor inter-rater reliability. The GPTIM-ER had excellent content validity, construct validity, formed a single factor scale and had reasonable predictive validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The GPTIM-ER has promising, but not complete, psychometric properties. The low inter-rater reliability scores between expert raters are the main ongoing concern and so further development and testing is required in future well-constructed studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47936,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Resilient Youth Program: a promising skills-based online program for resiliency and stress management.","authors":"Néstor Noyola, Mikayla Ver Pault, Dina R Hirshfeld-Becker, Rana Chudnofsky, Jocelyn Meek, Linda N Wells, Timothy E Wilens, Aude Henin","doi":"10.1017/S1352465823000644","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1352465823000644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prevention programs that target resilience may help youth address mental health difficulties and promote well-being during public health crises.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine the preliminary efficacy of the <i>Resilient Youth Program</i> (RYP).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The RYP was delivered remotely from a US academic medical centre to youth in the community via a naturalistic pilot study. Data from 66 youth (ages 6-18, <i>M</i>_age = 11.65, <i>SD</i> = 3.02) and their parents were collected via quality assurance procedures (May 2020 to March 2021). Pre/post-intervention child/parent-reported psychological and stress symptoms as well as well-being measures were compared via Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Child/parent-reported skills use data were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among child-reported outcomes, there were significant decreases in physical stress (<i>p</i> = .03), anxiety (<i>p</i> = .004), depressive symptoms (<i>p</i> < .001) and anger (<i>p</i> = .002), as well as increased life satisfaction (<i>p</i> = .02). There were no significant differences in child-reported psychological stress (<i>p</i> = .06) or positive affect (<i>p</i> = .09). Among parent-reported child outcomes, there were significant decreases in psychological (<i>p</i> < .001) and physical stress (<i>p</i> = .03), anxiety (<i>p</i> < .001), depressive symptoms (<i>p</i> < .001), and anger (<i>p</i> < .002) as well as increased positive affect (<i>p</i> < .001) and life satisfaction (<i>p</i> < .001). Effect sizes ranged from small to medium; 77% of youth (73% of parents) reported using RYP skills. Age and gender were not associated with outcome change.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RYP may help reduce psychological/stress symptoms and increase well-being among youth; further research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47936,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapist guided, parent-led cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for pre-adolescent children with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): a non-concurrent multiple baseline case series.","authors":"Chloe Chessell, Brynjar Halldorsson, Sasha Walters, Alice Farrington, Kate Harvey, Cathy Creswell","doi":"10.1017/S1352465823000450","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1352465823000450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) including exposure and response prevention (ERP) is an effective treatment for preadolescent children with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD); however, there is a need to increase access to this treatment for affected children.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study is a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and acceptability of a <i>brief</i> therapist-guided, parent-led CBT intervention for pre-adolescent children (5-12 years old) with OCD using a non-concurrent multiple baseline approach.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Parents of 10 children with OCD were randomly allocated to no-treatment baselines of 3, 4 or 5 weeks before receiving six to eight individual treatment sessions with a Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner. Diagnostic measures were completed prior to the baseline, 1-week post-treatment, and at a 1-month follow-up, and parents completed weekly measures of children's OCD symptoms/impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy percent of children were 'responders' and/or 'remitters' on diagnostic measures at post-treatment, and 60% at the 1-month follow-up. At least 50% of children showed reliable improvements on parent-reported OCD symptoms/impairment from pre- to post-treatment, and from pre-treatment to 1-month follow-up. Crucially, the intervention was acceptable to parents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Brief</i> therapist-guided, parent-led CBT has the potential to be an effective, acceptable and <i>accessible</i> first-line treatment for pre-adolescent children with OCD, subject to the findings of further evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47936,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for perfectionism: a reinterpretation through the lens of the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism.","authors":"Patrick Gaudreau, Benjamin J I Schellenberg","doi":"10.1017/S1352465823000516","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1352465823000516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Grieve <i>et al</i>. (2022) tested the effects of an intervention designed to reduce perfectionism. Contrary to their hypotheses, the intervention reduced both perfectionism and excellencism. Furthermore, excellencism positively correlated with negative outcomes (e.g. anxiety).</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>A theory-driven framework (with five hypothetical scenarios) is proposed to reconsider how we interpret the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce perfectionism. Our goal was to offer a constructive reinterpretation of the results of Grieve <i>et al</i>. (2022) using our new framework derived from the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Secondary data analyses using the experimental and correlational results are published in the randomized control trial of Grieve <i>et al</i>. (2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our re-examination of the results reveals that excellencism was reduced by a smaller extent (approximately 25% less) than perfectionism. Based on our framework, such a ratio provides conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of this intervention. Students entered the intervention as perfectionists and they ended up somewhere between the zones of excellence striving and non-perfectionism. Furthermore, our multivariate re-analysis of the bivariate correlations indicates that excellence strivers experienced better adjustment (lower anxiety, depression, stress, body-related acceptance, and higher self-compassion) compared with perfectionists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future interventions should target the reduction of perfectionism and the maintenance of excellencism because excellencism relates to desirable outcomes. Our secondary data analysis was needed to inform researchers and practitioners about an alternative interpretation of Grieve and colleagues' findings. Future interventions to reduce perfectionism should closely monitor excellencism and follow the interpretational guidelines advanced in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":47936,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Things that shouldn’t be’: a qualitative investigation of violation-related appraisals in individuals with OCD and/or trauma histories","authors":"Sandra Krause, Adam S. Radomsky","doi":"10.1017/s1352465824000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352465824000201","url":null,"abstract":"<span>Background:</span><p>Cognitive models of mental contamination (i.e. feelings of internal dirtiness without contact with a contaminant) propose that these feelings arise when individuals misappraise a violation. However, an operational definition of ‘violation’ and identification of specific violation misappraisals is limited.</p><span>Aims:</span><p>This study’s aim was to elaborate on cognitive models using qualitative data from those with lived experience to fill these gaps.</p><span>Method:</span><p>Twenty participants with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or a trauma history took part in a semi-structured interview about violation. Grounded theory was used to analyse interview transcripts.</p><span>Discussion:</span><p>Three categories emerged, each with several themes – <span>qualities of violation</span>, <span>violation-related appraisals</span>, and <span>violation-related behaviours</span>. Different violation-related appraisals were associated with different emotions and urges. Specific self-focused appraisal sub-themes (i.e. <span>permanence of consequences</span>; <span>self-worth</span>; <span>responsibility, self-blame and regret</span>) were most closely related to emotions tied to mental contamination. These findings support and expand upon existing cognitive models of mental contamination, identifying key violation-related appraisals and differentiating between mental contamination-related appraisals and those related to other emotional sequelae. Future quantitative and experimental research can evaluate the potential of these appraisals as intervention targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":47936,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}