Through the mind's eye: mapping associations between hoarding tendencies and voluntary and involuntary mental imagery.

Abstract

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that mental imagery may be an important clinical feature in hoarding. Individuals who hoard use objects as receptacles for memories, and experience more frequent, intrusive and distressing images compared with the general community. However, the specific nature of these associations remains poorly understood.

Aims: We aimed to investigate whether hoarding traits were related to the ability to voluntarily generate imagery in different sensory modalities, and uniquely with the tendency to experience negative intrusive imagery. We also aimed to understand the mechanism by which mental imagery experiences may confer vulnerability to hoarding problems.

Method: Undergraduates (n=328) completed questionnaires assessing hoarding, beliefs about objects, imagining ability across the senses, and negative intrusive imagery, as well as symptom measures of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress. We conducted Pearson's correlations, hierarchical regressions, and mediational analyses.

Results: Hoarding tendencies were associated with reduced visualising ability, but not with the capacity to deliberately generate imagery in other senses. Hoarding was also uniquely associated with the tendency to experience negative involuntary imagery when controlling for symptoms of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress. Object-memory beliefs partially mediated the relationship between hoarding and reduced visualising ability. Object attachment partially mediated the relationship between hoarding and negative intrusive imagery.

Conclusions: Results suggest that visualisation difficulties may promote a reliance on objects to facilitate recall, and experiencing negative intrusive imagery may strengthen object attachment. Findings may inform imagery-based conceptualisations and treatments of hoarding problems, such as imagery training or modification interventions.