International Journal of Law and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Between psychopathy and deviant socialization: A close look at the mafia men","authors":"Felice Carabellese ,&nbsp;Fulvio Carabellese ,&nbsp;Gabriele Mandarelli ,&nbsp;Domenico Montalbò ,&nbsp;Lia Parente ,&nbsp;Donatella La Tegola ,&nbsp;Giulia Petroni ,&nbsp;Giulia Bruno ,&nbsp;Roberto Catanesi ,&nbsp;Alan R. Felthous","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Italian mafia organizations represent a subculture with values, beliefs and goals that are antithetical to and undermining of the predominant society. The conduct of individual members includes such extreme violence for material gain, it may at least superficially suggest a severe personality disorder. Since the first edition of the DSM and into the 21st century, various terms have been used, sometimes interchangeably, but over time inconsistently, to designate the mentality and practices of mafia members. Only recently has the psychology of mafia members become a focus of serious scientific study. Following broader national multicenter research, the present study aimed at investigating the possible differences in psychopathy between those mafia associates who had been convicted only of mafia association (Group A, bosses), and those who were also convicted of violent crimes (Group B, soldiers). The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was administered to <em>n</em> = 48 male inmates convicted of mafia association (M_age 45.0 years, SD 10.9, range 20–80 years); Group A consisted of <em>n</em> = 26 (54%) subjects, Group B <em>n</em> = 22 (46%). Most of the sample (73%) did not manifest psychopathy (PCL-<em>R</em> ≥ 25) nor Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test disclosed significant differences in the total PCL-R scores between the study groups. We found significantly higher scores of PCR-R factor 1 (interpersonal / affective) in the members of the mafia association also convicted of violent crimes (PCL-R F1, group A: 5.8 ± 3.7; group B: 7.9 ± 3.5; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), this difference appeared explainable on the basis of a higher component of affective psychopathy. These initial results add to the limited literature on mafia and psychopathy and seem to suggest the existence of a specific component of psychopathy in the subgroup of mafiosi with overtly violent conduct.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9883405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality moderators of the cross-sectional relationship between job demands and both burnout and work engagement in judges: The boosting effects of conscientiousness and introversion","authors":"Tineke Hagen,&nbsp;Elien De Caluwé,&nbsp;Stefan Bogaerts","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The central question of this study is whether buffering, boosting and exacerbating effects of the Big Five personality factors extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism can be demonstrated in the relationship between two job demands (i.e., work pressure and working overtime) and both burnout and work engagement in 257 Dutch judges. It is important to better understand the interaction effects between various job demands (work pressure and working overtime) and personality on both burnout and work engagement in judges given their increased risk of burnout and lower work engagement due to cognitively and their emotionally demanding work. Three hypotheses were tested in a cross-sectional design study. Moderation analyses showed that, as expected, conscientiousness significantly boosted the relationship between working overtime and work engagement. Hence, high scorers on conscientiousness showed more work engagement when working overtime. Also, extraversion moderated the relation between working overtime and work engagement, but only at a low level of extraversion. Thus, contrary to expectations, introverts showed more work engagement when they work overtime. Also, significant main effects were found. Work pressure and neuroticism related positively to burnout, while extraversion and agreeableness related negatively to burnout. Moreover, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness related positively to work engagement. In our study, conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness can be considered as personal resources for judges, in line with the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. Especially conscientiousness can facilitate judges to cope with challenging working circumstances and introversion ensures that judges stay engaged despite working overtime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9885397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma management during reintegration of older incarcerated adults with mental health issues: A qualitative analysis","authors":"Helene Seaward ,&nbsp;Sophie Dieffenbacher ,&nbsp;Jens Gaab ,&nbsp;Marc Graf ,&nbsp;Bernice Elger ,&nbsp;Tenzin Wangmo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The number of older prisoners with mental health issues released from prisons and forensic psychiatric institutions is rising. Their successful integration is important due to its implications for the public's safety and the individual's health and well-being. However, reintegration efforts are hampered due to the double stigma attached to ‘mental illness’ and ‘incarceration history’. To alleviate the burden of such stigma, affected persons and their social networks employ stigma management strategies. This study sought to investigate the stigma management strategies of mental health professionals supporting older incarcerated adults with mental health issues in their reintegration process.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Semi-structured interviews with 63 mental health professionals from Canada and Switzerland were carried out as part of the overall project. To address the reintegration topic, data from 18 interviews were used. Data analysis followed the thematic analysis approach.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mental health professionals emphasized the double stigmatization of their patients which impaired their quest for housing. Lengthy searches for placement frequently resulted in patients' unnecessary long stays in forensic programs. Nevertheless, participants outlined that they were at times successful in finding appropriate housing for their patients due to the use of certain stigma management strategies. They stated that they, first, established initial contacts with outside institutions, second, educated them about stigmatizing labels and, third, provided ongoing collaboration with public institutions.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Incarcerated persons with mental health issues face double stigmatization that affects their reentry process. Our findings are interesting as they illustrate ways in which stigma can be reduced, and how the reentry process can be streamlined. Future research should include the perspectives of incarcerated adults with mental health issues to shed more light on the various options that they seek for successful reintegration after imprisonment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10244175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic, psychiatric and criminal characteristics of elderly offenders under evaluation for criminal responsibility in Turkey","authors":"Ilker Tasdemir ,&nbsp;Ender Cesur ,&nbsp;Arzu Mengus ,&nbsp;Hizir Asliyüksek ,&nbsp;Kayihan Oguz Karamustafalioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study was to examine a sample (<em>n</em> = 150) of elderly offenders to analyse the psychiatric, medical, demographic, criminal and if available neuropsychological test characteristics and criminal responsibility.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Data were gathered through a retrospective chart review of applicants aged 65 and over who were referred for determination of criminal responsibility from 2014 to 2019 at the Observation Department of Council of Forensic Medicine (Adli Tip Kurumu Baskanligi, Gözlem İhtisas Dairesi) who were evaluated under inpatient status by law.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 150 forensic cases aged 65 and over. The majority of the crimes were homicide (25.3%), homicide attempt (10%), and sexual offence (26%). The majority of sexual offence victims were children (34 of 39 cases). The percentages of decisions on criminal liability were as follows: 76% (<em>n</em> = 114) had full criminal liability, 21.3% of them (<em>n</em> = 32) had no criminal liability, 2.7% of them (<em>n</em> = 4) had reduced criminal liability. For the reduced/no criminal liability group, diagnoses were as follows: 37.1% dementia syndromes, 31.4% schizophrenia, 11.5% delusional disorder and 2.8% bipolar disorder manic episode.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>When the findings in our study and current literature data are examined, it is seen that certain crime groups such as murder and attempted murder, and sexual crimes against children are high in elderly forensic psychiatric evaluations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9932252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The validity of the BDHI translated into Papiamento in pre-trial defendants in Curaçao","authors":"Micha van de Vorst ,&nbsp;Janique Martier ,&nbsp;Harald Linkels ,&nbsp;Glenn E. Matroos ,&nbsp;H. Wijbrand Hoek ,&nbsp;David J. Vinkers","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) is an important assessment scale of hostility in forensic psychiatry. We analyzed the validity and reliability of a Papiamento translation of the BDHI in 134 pre-trial defendants in Curaçao using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). The reliability of the Direct and Indirect Hostility BHDI-P subscales were good and the reliability of the Social Desirability poor. There was a negative correlation between Direct Hostility and Agreeableness and a positive correlation between Indirect Hostility and Anxiety. We conclude that the BDHI-P has an acceptable measurement quality when used in defendants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9580152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bias analysis in forensic and non-forensic psychiatric assessments","authors":"Álex Escolà-Gascón ,&nbsp;Neil Dagnall ,&nbsp;Kenneth Drinkwater","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, we provide two important contributions to the psychiatric community. First, we offer the first valid and reliable cognitive test that measures forensic clinicians' ability to detect and avoid diagnostic biases in psychiatric assessments. Second, we also estimate the prevalence of clinical decision bias detection and prevention ability among psychiatrists and psychologists. A total of 1069 clinicians from different specialties (317 psychiatrists and 752 clinical psychologists, of which 286 were forensic clinicians) participated in this research. The <em>Checklist of Biases for Clinicians</em> (BIAS-31) was developed, and its psychometric properties were analyzed. The prevalence of bias detection and prevention was estimated using BIAS-31 scores. The BIAS-31 is valid and reliable for measuring clinicians' ability to avoid and detect clinical biases. Between 41.2% and 55.8% of clinicians try to avoid biased clinical judgments. Likewise, between 48.5% and 57.5% of clinicians were able to correctly detect the biases involved in the diagnostic assessment process. We did not expect to obtain these prevalences. Therefore, we discuss to what extent specific training in the prevention of diagnostic biases is necessary and propose several clinical strategies to prevent a priori the occurrence of biases in the psychiatric assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9932260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychosocial rehabilitation of forensic psychiatric patients in Austria","authors":"Marlene Koch ,&nbsp;Alexander Dvorak ,&nbsp;Melanie Hobersdorfer ,&nbsp;Lusine Yeghiazaryan ,&nbsp;Ulrich Rabl ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Komorowski","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to increased psychological distress and far-reaching restrictions of freedom. In March 2020, Austrian penal authorities enacted various safety and protection measures to mitigate the propagation of COVID-19. While infection rates in penal institutions were low, restrictive conditions of detention limited the forensic care of offenders. This retrospective longitudinal observational study aimed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the psychosocial rehabilitation in forensic psychiatry.</p><p>Administrative and clinical data obtained from 97 males treated at an inpatient forensic mental health institution were compared before (January 2019 – mid-March 2020) and after (mid-March 2020 – May 2021) the enactment of pandemic-related restrictive measures. The study outcomes related to rehabilitative activities, social contacts, psychopathological stability, and compliance with institutional regulations.</p><p>During the pandemic, a decrease in individual one-day temporary releases (64 vs. 3, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and one-day group excursions (103 vs. 10, p &lt; .001) was observed. Likewise, visits by relatives (1440 vs. 429, p &lt; .001) and legal guardians (286 vs. 130, <em>p</em> = .009) decreased. Regarding compliance with institutional regulations, illegal activities decreased from 27 to 8 after enactment of restrictive measures (<em>p</em> = .024). In contrast, long-term temporary releases (122 vs. 188 weeks, <em>p</em> = .131) and admissions to the acute ward (141 vs. 143, <em>p</em> = .712) remained unchanged. Overall, this study demonstrates the substantial impact of COVID-19 on the psychosocial care of forensic psychiatric patients and implies the necessity for guidelines to uphold an appropriate standard of forensic rehabilitation during future pandemics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10110938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9574907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognition in older offenders in North Rhine-Westphalia: A comparison of prisoners and patients in forensic psychiatry hospitals","authors":"S. Verhülsdonk ,&nbsp;A.K. Folkerts ,&nbsp;K. Dietrich ,&nbsp;B. Höft ,&nbsp;T. Supprian ,&nbsp;M. Jänner ,&nbsp;E. Kalbe","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The number of elderly delinquent individuals living in prisons and forensic hospitals is increasing. For both settings, complex needs have been described for the elderly related to age-related changes and frequent somatic disorders as well as mental disorders, primarily depressive symptoms.. One of the biggest challenges are cognitive impairments which have been described for both groups, probably not least due to frequent risk factors (e.g., substance abuse, depressive symptoms). Given that the group of forensic patients has a manifest mental illness, which is usually treated with psychopharmaceuticals, the question arises as to what extent cognitive deficits are more frequent here. For both groups, the detection of cognitive deficits with regard to therapy and release planning is of relevance. In sum, studies on cognitive function in both populations are rare, and the results are hard to compare due to different instruments to assess cognition.</p><p>Sociodemographic, health-, and incarceration-related data were collected as well as neuropsychological functions using established instruments to evaluate global cognitive functioning (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE], DemTect), executive function (Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB], and Trail Making Test [TMT]).</p><p>In the final sample, 57 prisoners and 34 forensic inpatients from North Rhine Westphalia, Germany being 60 years and older were included. The groups were comparable in age (prisoners: M = 66.5 years, SD ± 5.3; forensic inpatients: M = 66.8 years, SD ± 7.5) and education (prisoners: M = 11.47, SD ± 2.91; forensic inpatients: M = 11.39, SD ± 3.64), but the offenders in forensic psychiatry had spent significantly more time in the correctional setting than prisoners (prisoners: M = 8.6, SD ± 10.8; forensic inpatients: M = 15.6 years, SD ± 11.9). In both groups cognitive deficits were frequent. Depending on the tests and population, between 42% and 64% showed impairments in global cognition, and between 22% and 70% were classified with impaired executive functioning. We found no significant differences in global cognition or executive functions assessed with the TMT between the two groups. However, forensic inpatients were significantly more impaired in the FAB compared to the prisoners.</p><p>The results emphasize the high frequency of cognitive dysfunction in both settings and a possibly higher frequency of “frontal” dysfunction in forensic inpatients, and, thus, indicate the relevance of routine neuropsychological diagnostic and treatment procedures in these settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9932261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PTSD malingering detection in damage claim cases: Diagnostic accuracy in cases of personal injury as a result of motor vehicle accidents","authors":"J. Biegańska-Banaś ,&nbsp;P. Banaś ,&nbsp;M. Zięba ,&nbsp;J.K. Gierowski ,&nbsp;J. Trzebiński","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to assess the accuracy of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses made by mental health experts in people reporting post-traumatic stress symptoms related to traffic accidents. Data were collected from sixty participants: 30 with possible traumatic experiences and 30 who had never experienced this or other types of traumatic events. Six professional diagnosticians examined the participants with Structured Clinical Interview for the Study of Axis I Disorders (SCID-I for DSM-IV-TR) in conditions similar to those typical of judicial cases related to traffic accident damage claims. There was no significant difference in the number of PTSD diagnoses between malingerers and non-malingerers. Some PTSD symptoms were more frequently recognized in malingerers. This study demonstrates that even professional diagnosticians with clinical and jurisprudence experience have significant difficulty identifying PTSD malingering. This difficulty can be linked to the limitations of diagnoses based on introspective reports.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9629423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of emotion and juvenile diagnoses on parole release decisions: An experimental approach","authors":"Timothy I. Lawrence ,&nbsp;Logan A. Yelderman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parole boards are often required to make many release recommendations after reviewing a substantial amount of information in a short timeframe. While making release decisions, parole board members might be motivated to sacrifice accuracy and, instead, use heuristics, such as their emotions. Emotions might increase the reliance on risk or threat related information, such as an inmate's mental illness status. The current study applies the appraisal tendency framework of emotion to assess the impact of emotion on parole decisions involving juvenile mental health diagnoses. Using a 3(emotion: anger, compassion, and control) x 4(mental illness: conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, and control) factorial design, this study examined the extent to which mock parole board members' emotions impacted evaluations of inmates with juvenile mental illness diagnoses and subsequent release decisions. Results indicated that there was no effect of emotion on parole decisions. However, the inmates' mental illnesses did play a role in parole release decisions. Specifically, parole candidates with depression were released on parole at higher rates compared to conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and the control condition. Policy implications are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9630491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}