International Journal of Law and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The CRPD and mental health law reform in Scotland","authors":"Jill Stavert","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scotland's mental health and capacity legislation and its implementation is underpinned by European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) informed principles, and such legislation and its implementation has remained largely ECHR compliant. It is designed to protect individuals' autonomy from inappropriate and disproportionate nonconsensual intrusions but its scope is largely limited to this. However, since the legislation was enacted at the start of the twenty first century the UK subsequently ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) which requires the law and related practice to focus on giving effect to all the rights of persons with mental disabilities (people living with psychosocial, cognitive and intellectual disabilities) on an equal basis with others and to actively support such equality in rights enjoyment.</p><p>The Terms of Reference of the independent Scottish Mental Health Law Review (2019–2022) included considering and making recommendations to align Scotland's mental health and capacity legislation with the CRPD. After engaging widely with stakeholders its recommendations sought to strengthen the voice of persons who use services and of those who care for them, reduce the need for non-consensual measures and secure rights to the help and support necessary to live a good life. In order to achieve this, it recommended, amongst other things, a refocusing on mental health and capacity law together with a Human Rights Enablement, Supported Decision Making and Autonomous Decision Making framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual harm: Violent behaviour to others and self-harm behaviour in adults compulsorily admitted to a Dutch psychiatric hospital","authors":"Philip J.S. Michielsen ,&nbsp;Sander Hoogveldt ,&nbsp;Nordin L'oihmi ,&nbsp;Sascha Sneep ,&nbsp;Arno van Dam ,&nbsp;Cornelius L. Mulder ,&nbsp;Witte J.G. Hoogendijk ,&nbsp;Sabine J. Roza","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Verbal and physical violence in psychiatric hospitals can have harmful consequences for staff members, such as physical injury, traumatisation, and sick leave, and they often accompany involuntary admission. Harm to others may co-occur with self-harm, i.e., dual harm. However, little is known about the association between dual-harm and violent behaviour towards staff members and its clinical outcomes, such as seclusion and rapid tranquilisation after involuntary admission to a psychiatric inpatient unit.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A convenience sample of patients admitted involuntarily (<em>N</em> = 384; mean age = 48.03, SD = 19.92) between January 2016 and December 2019 in Western Brabant, the Netherlands, was used to design a retrospective file audit. Distinct harm groups, marked by the presence/absence of self- and/or other-harm, were investigated using multivariate linear regression modelling on the seriousness of violent acts and the total length of admission. Logistic regression analyses were used to study the association between harm groups and the administration of rapid tranquilisation, seclusion, and extended involuntary admissions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Several harm groups were identified, including self-harm only, other-harm only, and dual-harm groups. Psychiatric patients admitted to the hospital because of (the risk of) violence towards others had a higher risk of violent incidents during admission and some restrictive measures. In a subgroup of patients with psychotic disorders, patients with dual harm committed the most serious violent incidents compared to those in the other harm groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Distinct harm groups were identified in a sample of involuntarily admitted patients. In a general adult psychiatric setting, patients at risk for violent behaviour, especially dual-harm patients, should be identified and monitored as part of the risk assessment. Future research is needed to explore more clinical correlates in the proposed distinction between harmful groups and to assess long-term prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252724000384/pdfft?md5=16b2e51249ac275dee625b47ec689548&pid=1-s2.0-S0160252724000384-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of statutory revisions to family-petitioned civil commitment in South Korea","authors":"Hyunsung Oh ,&nbsp;Yunhwa Cho ,&nbsp;Jinyeong Bae ,&nbsp;Lynn C. Holley ,&nbsp;Michael Shafer ,&nbsp;Kyejung Kim ,&nbsp;Yongpyo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This study examined the impact of statutory revisions in 2016 which aimed to enhance procedural justice within the process of civil commitment for persons diagnosed with mental illnesses (PDMI) in South Korea. These changes included requiring that PDMI pose a threat of danger to self or others and the need for treatment simultaneously as criteria for petitioning civil commitment. Additionally, the revision established a public entity to oversee the legitimacy of petitions to involuntarily commit PDMI to inpatient treatment. Despite these statutory changes, families providing care for PDMI still appear to depend on civil commitment as a way to seek respite from care burden, not necessarily to respond to psychiatric emergencies involving dangerousness. This practice seems to be aided by processes within the public entity providing oversight. Due to such barriers we hypothesized that, even after the statutory revision in 2016, PDMI who had been civilly committed following petitions from families will not exhibit elevated dangerousness compared to PDMI who had never been hospitalized during the same period.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Trained interviewers recruited 331 participants self-identified as PDMI from psychiatric rehabilitation agencies in the community and aided them in completing a survey including measures of self-reported hospitalization history, suicidality, and aggression toward others. Participants were classified into four groups: Family-petition committed (FPC) group (<em>n</em> = 30, 9.1%), voluntarily hospitalized (VH) group (<em>n</em> = 34, 10.3%), public-petition committed (PPC) group (<em>n</em> = 31, 9.4%), and never hospitalized (NH) group (<em>n</em> = 236, 71.3%). We conducted logistic regression analyses to compare self-reported dangerousness between groups with the NH group as the reference group.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the past 12 months, 43.5% of PDMI participants had self-reported behaviors that may have met the dangerousness criteria for civil commitment. Controlling for confounding factors, the PPC group was 2.96 times and 3.02 times as likely to report suicidal ideation and physical aggression, respectively, compared to the NH group. However, as hypothesized, the FPC group did not differ from the NH group on any indicator of self-reported dangerousness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings were based on cross-sectional correlational data and should not be viewed as conclusive evidence that the 2016 statutory revision is ineffective in preventing family-petitioned civil commitment in cases where dangerousness is not apparent. Nevertheless, these findings encourage further empirical studies that illuminate the etiology of procedural justice in civil commitments petitioned by family members and that assess factors and contexts that promote the consideration of least coercive treatments, rather than resorting to involuntary hospitalization when psychiatric emer","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140543464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and mental capacity legislation: Opening Pandora's modem","authors":"Maria Redahan ,&nbsp;Brendan D. Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>People with impaired decision-making capacity enjoy the same rights to access technology as people with full capacity. Our paper looks at realising this right in the specific contexts of artificial intelligence (AI) and mental capacity legislation. Ireland's Assisted Decision-Making (Capacity) Act, 2015 commenced in April 2023 and refers to ‘assistive technology’ within its ‘communication’ criterion for capacity. We explore the potential benefits and risks of AI in assisting communication under this legislation and seek to identify principles or lessons which might be applicable in other jurisdictions. We focus especially on Ireland's provisions for advance healthcare directives because previous research demonstrates that common barriers to advance care planning include (i) lack of knowledge and skills, (ii) fear of starting conversations about advance care planning, and (iii) lack of time. We hypothesise that these barriers might be overcome, at least in part, by using generative AI which is already freely available worldwide. Bodies such as the United Nations have produced guidance about ethical use of AI and these guide our analysis. One of the ethical risks in the current context is that AI would reach beyond communication and start to influence the content of decisions, especially among people with impaired decision-making capacity. For example, when we asked one AI model to ‘Make me an advance healthcare directive’, its initial response did not explicitly suggest content for the directive, but it did suggest topics that might be included, which could be seen as setting an agenda. One possibility for circumventing this and other shortcomings, such as concerns around accuracy of information, is to look to foundational models of AI. With their capabilities to be trained and fine-tuned to downstream tasks, purpose-designed AI models could be adapted to provide education about capacity legislation, facilitate patient and staff interaction, and allow interactive updates by healthcare professionals. These measures could optimise the benefits of AI and minimise risks. Similar efforts have been made to use AI more responsibly in healthcare by training large language models to answer healthcare questions more safely and accurately. We highlight the need for open discussion about optimising the potential of AI while minimising risks in this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252724000347/pdfft?md5=08c86753e77bd95dd0c4da8a2a5354cf&pid=1-s2.0-S0160252724000347-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140348128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The violence profile of male mentally disordered offenders in a high secure unit in Turkiye","authors":"Baris Kilic-Demir,&nbsp;Selma Cilem Kizilpinar,&nbsp;Selim Polat","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our knowledge of the severity and reoffending is limited for mentally disordered offenders, and studies generally evaluate without separation between different diagnostic groups. It was aimed to determine the general profile of mentally disordered offenders who are inpatients in a high secure psychiatry unit from Turkiye and to evaluate the factors associated with violence profiles among different diagnostic groups. According to the results the schizophrenia patients committed the most severe crimes, and intellectual disability patients had some different features from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. History of substance misuse in the intellectual disability group (<em>p</em> = 0,045) and comorbid antisocial personality disorder in the bipolar disorder group (p = 0,015) were associated with increased crime severity. Substance misuse history, history of substance use during the crime, and the existence of comorbid antisocial personality disorder were associated with increased offenses in each of the three diagnosis groups. Living alone (<em>p</em> = 0,004) and having a suicide history (p= 0,052) were associated with the high number of offenses in the schizophrenia group. This study is the first study that compares three diagnostic groups to involve a large patient group. We believe that clinicians must evaluate these parameters for the violence risk assessment of patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New technology, psychiatry, and the law: Panic, prudence, possibility","authors":"Brendan D. Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Throughout human history, all new technology has been met with surprise, anxiety, panic, and – eventually – prudent adoption of certain aspects of specific technological advances. This pattern is evident in the histories of most technologies, ranging from steam power in the nineteenth century, to television in the twentieth century, and – now – ‘artificial intelligence’ (AI) in the twenty-first century. Each generation believes that the technological advances of its era are quantitatively and qualitatively different to those of previous generations, but the underlying phenomenon is the same: the shock of the new, followed by more gradual adjustment to (and of) new technology. These concerns are apparent today in relation to AI, which reflects interesting but incremental advances on existing technologies, rather than stand-alone developments. The usual concerns with all technologies (e.g., that they will replace certain aspects of human function) are, perhaps, more concerning in fields such as mental capacity law, which often applies to people with impaired decision-making capacity who might be especially vulnerable to technologies which appear capable of encroaching disproportionately on decision-making or other areas of core human function. This paper approaches this topic from an historical standpoint, noting both previous technological panics in the past and the possibilities offered by AI today, provided it is approached in a proportionate, prudent, and person-centered way, underpinned by appropriate ethical guidance and active ethical awareness in clinical and legal practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252724000335/pdfft?md5=71715baacf1ce624290e2dd96b2e165a&pid=1-s2.0-S0160252724000335-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘I was going into it blind’: Nearest Relatives, legal literacy, and the Mental Health Act 1983","authors":"Judy Laing ,&nbsp;Jeremy Dixon ,&nbsp;Kevin Stone","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eligible relatives are given rights and powers in the compulsory treatment of people with mental health problems in several international jurisdictions, including within England and Wales. However, little attention has been given to whether relatives feel legally literate or competent to fulfil such roles. This article examines this issue through focussing on the experiences of Nearest Relatives, who are given rights and powers during Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA) assessments for compulsory admission in England and Wales. Interviews with nineteen Nearest Relatives in England were conducted and were thematically analysed. Three themes were identified. First, NRs spoke about their awareness and knowledge of the role. They predominantly reported negative experiences in which they received no or little information. They also reported that professionals assumed they possessed legal knowledge, and their legal knowledge was largely self-taught. Secondly, NRs reported uncertainty about their own rights and powers, noting the role lacked status or informational or emotional support. Third, NRs highlighted areas for legal reform, stating that the NR role was important, but required specialist support systems for NRs. The findings of this study indicate greater attention needs to be given by law and policy makers to support relatives' understanding of their rights and powers under the MHA, if the NR role is to be effective in helping to safeguard patient rights under the European Convention on Human Rights. These include the right in Article 5 not to be arbitrarily deprived of one's liberty and the right to a private and family life in Article 8. Legislators also need to take account of these factors when considering proposals to reform mental health law in England and Wales.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016025272400030X/pdfft?md5=8d9cc51a5725f844429c8eeee37d1ff5&pid=1-s2.0-S016025272400030X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persons with mental disorders and assisted dying practices in Spain: In response to Ramos et al.","authors":"Josep Pifarre ,&nbsp;Montse Esquerda ,&nbsp;Francesc Torralba ,&nbsp;Jacinto Bátiz ,&nbsp;Margarita Bofarull","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ramos et al. paper offers a narrative review of Spanish Organic Law 3/2021, which regulates euthanasia, focusing on its application to individuals with mental disorders. Ramos et al. examine the application of legal prerequisites from an ethical-legal perspective to ascertain the conditions under which psychiatric euthanasia might be considered legitimate and compliant with legal stipulations. Nevertheless, it is apparent that the core ethical inquiries linked to this matter have not been exhaustively investigated. The criteria laid out are, in our assessment, still open to further debate and broader deliberation. Our article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive ethical and legal debate in Spain regarding psychiatric euthanasia. Competency assessment is central to the legislation, but there are concerns about the validity of assessment tools and the subjective nature of interviews. Furthermore, defining irreversible suffering in mental health contexts poses challenges. The article advocates for a deeper understanding of the needs of individuals with mental disorders before considering euthanasia and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive care and psychosocial interventions in reducing the desire for euthanasia. Ultimately, it underscores the ethical complexities of euthanasia in mental health and the necessity of prioritizing comprehensive care in addressing these complexities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140138290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult safeguarding legislation: Navigating the borderlands between mental capacity, mental health and social care law and practice","authors":"Kathryn Mackay ,&nbsp;Pearse McCusker","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adult safeguarding legislation is contentious because it seeks to protect ‘vulnerable’ adults who fall between the borderlands of social care, mental health and mental capacity law. As a new and complex area of law and practice, further research on adult safeguarding legislation is required, in particular to consider it efficacy and human rights implications. Utilising a narrative literature review approach this article explores current research evidence on the Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act 2007 to consider whether safeguarding powers and duties can achieve a proportionate balance between individual autonomy and the state's duties to protect adults at risk of harm and, if so, how. The findings demonstrate there is a wide range of people who can fall into these borderland areas. For a majority, the use of the Act has made significant positive differences to their lives. However, while supported decision-making was identified it was not found to be consistently applied. In addition, concerns emerged around the adequacy of some professionals' legal knowledge, the consistent upholding of adults' will and preferences, and the commitment to and resourcing of supported decision-making. Notwithstanding these drawbacks, it is concluded that this Act provides vital functions but amendments would enhance alignment with the CRPD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016025272400013X/pdfft?md5=e07b304e0c2a2928a5d9e148452d4216&pid=1-s2.0-S016025272400013X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of psychopathology on children credibility of sexual abuse testimony","authors":"María A. García-Rico ,&nbsp;Jorge J. Ricarte ,&nbsp;María V. Jimeno ,&nbsp;José M. Latorre","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When an alleged victim has a pre-existing psychopathological diagnosis, this can affect the rating of their version of the abuse in terms of credibility. The objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between the assessment of the credibility of the testimony of a CSA victim, the psychological problems that the child may have presented prior to sexual abuse and the possible psychological sequelae that she may present as a result of the abuse. 109 cases were selected in which the credibility of the testimony could be determined. Through forensic interviews and the study of the corresponding professional reports, the following were obtained: sociodemographic data, data on their previous psychological state and data on their psychological state after the reported events. The psychological state of the child after the reported events shows no relation to the forensic evaluation of the credibility of her testimony. The existence of a relationship between the absence of previous psychopathology and the fact that the victim's testimony is valued as a credible account is confirmed. This study reveals that children who presented psychological manifestations prior to their experience of abuse receive a lower credibility rating than those without previous psychopathological symptoms or diagnoses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252724000219/pdfft?md5=00b168edc59f9534543dd49b32e47463&pid=1-s2.0-S0160252724000219-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140062093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}