International Journal of Law and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"A mixed-methods analysis of the influence of bio-behavioral scientific evidence on U.S. judges' reasoning and sentencing decision-making","authors":"Mia A. Thomaidou,&nbsp;Colleen M. Berryessa,&nbsp;Sandy S. Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In contemporary criminal justice systems, the integration of neuroscience evidence into legal proceedings poses complex challenges as well as opportunities. This study investigates how judges–shaped by their beliefs and personal characteristics–approach sentencing decision-making in light of scientific explanations of behavior or psychiatric diagnoses. Specifically, it addresses two research questions: (1) How do scientific explanations of behavior influence how judges assess responsibility? (2) What cognitive biases or misconceptions may affect their interpretations of such evidence? We utilized a mixed-methods approach, including Natural Language Processing techniques and qualitative analysis, to analyze data from semi-structured interviews with 34 U.S. criminal court judges. Sentiment analysis revealed differences in emotional tone between judges with varying degrees of belief in scientific determinism and based on gender, age, geographical region, and professional background. Structural Topic Modeling identified key considerations, including determinism, responsibility, treatment needs, and moral concerns. Qualitative analysis enriched these results by unraveling the philosophical and legal considerations that judges grapple with when considering scientific explanations for defendants' behavior. Findings underscore the nuanced interplay between scientific understandings of behavior, personal beliefs, and judicial decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the sensitivity of the Health Screening of People in Police Custody (HELP-PC) tool in Northumbria Police, UK","authors":"Thomas Cranshaw ,&nbsp;Helena Austin ,&nbsp;John Moore ,&nbsp;Evelyn Evans ,&nbsp;Salma Rauf ,&nbsp;Faye Groom ,&nbsp;Ellie Mannix ,&nbsp;Ellen Whitehouse ,&nbsp;Iain McKinnon","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an evaluation of a novel health screening tool implemented in 2016 by Northumbria Police, in the North East of England, United Kingdom. The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity of the tool in detecting physical and mental health conditions. Secondary aims were to produce useful data on the prevalence of these conditions and onward referrals within custody. The tool was compared to a clinical interview carried out within the custody suite by research psychiatrists. Researchers spent a total of 64 days within the custody suite and interviewed 177 participants. The tool performed variably, with 100 % sensitivity for diabetes, epilepsy and psychosis, however in other areas the sensitivity was lower such as for opioid dependency (18 %). When compared to the pilot study of the tool there is a non-significant trend towards improved sensitivity, with no areas in which sensitivity has reduced. In comparison to a previous evaluation of an alternative tool, this tool has improved sensitivity for asthma (92 vs 49 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), cardiovascular complaints (38 vs 2 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), head injury (72 vs 17 %, <em>p</em> = 0.004) and intellectual disability (82 vs 25 %, <em>p</em> = 0.016).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A repertoire and critical review of international resources relevant to medical assistance in dying where a mental disorder is the sole underlying medical condition","authors":"Caroline Favron-Godbout ,&nbsp;Izadora Foster ,&nbsp;Eric Racine","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The possibility of asking for help in ending one's life is at the heart of some of the most enduring debates in medicine and bioethics. As a growing number of countries open to the practice, many concerns are emerging internationally about medical assistance in dying where a mental disorder is the sole underlying medical condition (MAiD-MD). It is paramount to understand what academic literature and resources are available to support different stakeholders in the context of MAiD-MD.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This review aims to specifically identify various resources related to MAiD-MD and to initiate a process of compiling international resources to raise awareness about certain resources and support stakeholders to develop new resources.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review of resources adopted a methodology inspired by the work of Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and Levac et al. (2010)’s scoping studies, as well as more structured forms of thematic literature reviews for content extraction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>165 resources related directly or indirectly to MAiD-MD were identified and grouped according to the following six categories: 1) Laws, judgments, decisions, and reports from the operationalization of laws; 2) Ethical and clinical guidelines, protocols, practice guides, and information for healthcare professionals; 3) Resource directories; 4) Resources for sharing experiences, discussions, support or training; 5) Written resources for MAiD applicants, their relatives or the population; 6) Resources to support reflections and guide the development of practices. Twenty main relevant themes were identified through the thematic analysis. These themes are addressed and explored in varying degrees of depth throughout different resources.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>A diversity of relevant resources is developed internationally, but these are sometimes dispersed, little known, or inaccessible to the public. Numerous resources are developed to inform the various stakeholders and train healthcare professionals, but there seems to be a need to develop advanced support resources to help the various stakeholders in the context of MAiD-MD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring structural stigma towards mental disorders: An analysis of trial verdicts","authors":"Lei Gu ,&nbsp;Hongwei Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental health issues, particularly depression, often carry a stigma that can infiltrate various societal institutions, including the legal system. This study investigates the structural stigma associated with depression within the context of second-instance criminal trials in China, examining trial verdicts from 2009 to 2023. Through a detailed analysis of 171 cases using Semantic Network Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis, and logistic regression, this research elucidates the complex ways in which depression is considered in judicial decisions. The findings identify three thematic responses—Neutral Evaluation, Sympathetic Consideration, and Rigorous Standards—that encapsulate diverse judicial attitudes towards the impact of depression on criminal responsibility. Critical Discourse Analysis further reveals three prevailing legal discourses—Stringent Criteria, Inconsistent Approaches, and Individual Negligence—that significantly influence the treatment of defendants with depression. The results also show a declining trend in recognizing depression as a mitigating factor, jointly influenced by crime type, defendant gender, and defendant’s education level, suggesting a shift towards more stringent judicial interpretations over time. These findings underscore the critical need for judicial reforms aimed at reducing stigma and promoting a more equitable treatment of mental health issues in the legal system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An International Comparison of Psychiatric Advance Directive Policy: Across eleven jurisdictions and alongside advance directive policy","authors":"Sophie Gloeckler ,&nbsp;Matthé Scholten ,&nbsp;Penelope Weller ,&nbsp;Alexander Ruck Keene ,&nbsp;Soumitra Pathare ,&nbsp;Ramya Pillutla ,&nbsp;Leticia Andorno ,&nbsp;Nikola Biller-Andorno","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work provides a comparative policy review of psychiatric advance directives, considering 1) variation across eleven international jurisdictions and 2) differentiation from other advance directive policy. The aim is to support well-founded legal and clinical practice when it comes to psychiatric advance directives by 1) clarifying the range of present approaches and 2) highlighting differential treatment of those with mental health conditions. Applicable statutes in England and Wales; Germany; India; the Netherlands; New South Wales (Australia), Northern Ireland, Virginia (USA); Washington (USA); Switzerland; Scotland; and Victoria (Australia) were reviewed by a team with expertise in law, clinical practice, and ethics. Policy variations were identified related to requirements for validity, activation, amendment, revocation, and override of preferences expressed. Psychiatric advance directives tend to be more strictly regulated and have less legal force than medical advance directives, with more restrictive guidelines and more conditions allowing advance preferences to be overridden. Psychiatric advance directives also tend to be less uniform across jurisdictions, sometimes reflecting varied functions of the directive and sometimes suggesting varied framing of the appropriateness of coercion in psychiatric care. More work is needed to evaluate the validity of distinct psychiatric advance directive policy. Stricter regulation and weaker legal force can serve as barriers to use, and coercion carries associated harms; psychiatric advance directive policy, especially choices that differ from other advance directive policy, should be well-justified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) and academic publishing in psychiatry","authors":"Brendan D. Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current and potential impact of various applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to the field of academic publishing in psychiatry is the subject of increasing attention. At present, AI algorithms assist in data analysis, allowing researchers to process large datasets quickly and uncover complex patterns that would be challenging to detect manually. In psychiatry, this capability can potentially help integrate data from genetics, neuroimaging, and clinical assessments. AI-driven natural language processing (NLP) tools might also facilitate systematic reviews and meta-analyses by automating the extraction and synthesis of information from vast bodies of published literature. In publishing, AI can potentially help to streamline the publication process in certain ways. Automated systems might screen manuscripts for methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and potential conflicts of interest, thereby reducing the burden on editors by prompting them to consider certain matters, and possibly accelerating the publication timeline. AI-powered tools are already used to help with dissemination of research findings by generating summaries and identifying key insights, making information more accessible to a broader audience. In the future, AI has the potential to enhance psychiatric publishing in various other ways. Predictive analytics might identify emerging trends and research gaps in the literature, guiding future studies and funding priorities, although this remains speculative for now. AI could also facilitate more robust collaborations by connecting researchers with complementary expertise and interests. Additionally, the integration of AI in digital platforms could democratise access to cutting-edge research, promote global knowledge sharing, and accelerate advancements in clinical care. As AI continues to evolve, its applications in research and publishing hold the potential to drive significant progress in understanding and treating mental disorders. It is essential that these developments are accompanied by openness about the use of AI in publishing, with clear declarations by authors and publishers about the use of specific applications in published work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insanity defense for all? The Arab minority in Israel's psychiatric and legal systems","authors":"Anat Yaron Antar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Minorities are often discriminated against by law enforcement. This finding also applies also to the Arab minority in Israel; however, despite extensive research on this topic, only a few studies have examined this bias with regard to psychiatric opinions and judicial decisions on criminal responsibility and the ability to stand trial. This study addresses this bias in its analysis of such opinions and rulings among homicide defendants referred to psychiatric evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The participants were all the 137 homicide defendants (95 Jews and 42 Arabs) hospitalized in Israeli maximum-security units for psychiatric evaluation or treatment between 1997 and 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A significant relationship was found between the defendant's ethnicity and the evaluation and ruling: half of the defendants deemed fit to stand trial were Jews, while most of those deemed unfit were Jews at a disproportionate rate. In most cases, the court ruling was consistent with the psychiatric opinions, over 98 % of which were provided by Jewish psychiatrists. The low number of Arab psychiatrists prevented examination of the effect of interaction between their ethnicity and the defendants' ethnicity on their opinions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Three potential explanations for these results are discussed: a true gap between the populations, a lack of cultural competence, and intergroup bias. The implications include the recommendation to train more Arab psychiatrists and enhance the cultural competence of law enforcement officials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health disorders, adverse childhood experiences and accelerated reoffending among justice-involved youth in Australia: A longitudinal recurrent event analysis","authors":"Emaediong I. Akpanekpo ,&nbsp;Tony Butler ,&nbsp;Preeyaporn Srasuebkul ,&nbsp;Julian N. Trollor ,&nbsp;John Kasinathan ,&nbsp;David Greenberg ,&nbsp;Peter W. Schofield ,&nbsp;Dianna T. Kenny ,&nbsp;Claire Gaskin ,&nbsp;Melanie Simpson ,&nbsp;Jocelyn Jones ,&nbsp;Anyiekere M. Ekanem ,&nbsp;Azar Kariminia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mental health disorders and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known risk factors for youth offending. However, most studies operationalize these factors as static and fail to distinguish between isolated reoffences and escalating patterns of criminal behaviour. The impact of mental health service engagement on interrupting cyclical, repetitive offending also remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We linked offending records (1994–2022) and mental health records (2001−2022) for 1556 justice-involved youth in New South Wales, Australia. The Prentice, Williams, and Peterson Gap Time model with time-varying effects was used to identify factors associated with accelerated reoffending during a five-year follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median age at first conviction was 15 years for custody-supervised youth and 16 years for community-supervised youth. Among custody-supervised youth aged 14 to 17, the prevalence of ACEs, mental health disorders, and their co-occurrence were 69.6 %, 33.9 %, and 26.5 %, respectively, compared to 42.5 %, 30.8 %, and 14.8 % for community-supervised youth. Recurrent offences occurred in 64.8 % of custody-supervised youth and 52.1 % of community-supervised youth. Age, physical neglect, substance use disorders, and personality disorders demonstrated time-varying effects on reoffending risk. Additional risk factors included physical abuse, parental death, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and previous incarceration. Mental health service contact was associated with reduced reoffending risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates the dynamic nature of criminogenic risk factors and the protective effect of mental health service engagement. Youth justice policymakers should prioritize regular mental health assessments and improved access to interventions for justice-involved youth to reduce recurrent offending and enhance public safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102099"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subject injury and police use of force in mental health crises","authors":"H.L. Joseph ,&nbsp;W. Liu ,&nbsp;K. Petersen ,&nbsp;J. Sheridan-Johnson ,&nbsp;B.G. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the relative likelihood of police officer firearm use and severity of subject injury in officer encounters with subjects in mental health crises (MHC) and those not in mental health crises (nMHC). The study sample is from a dataset of officer involved shootings (OIS) and officer use of force (UOF) incidents from 26 large law enforcement agencies (LEAs) in the U.S. Logistic and ordinal regressions were used to assess whether subject UOF, resisting arrest, weapon use, intoxication or sociodemographic factors were related to officer firearm use and severity of subject injury, comparing cases involving MHC (<em>N</em> = 1334) and nMHC (<em>N</em> = 2848). Though the risk of officer firearm use and severity of subject injury were significantly positively correlated with being in MHC, there was no significant difference in either outcome between individuals in MHC and nMHC after controlling for the other predictors in the regressions. Compared to those in nMHC at the time of their encounter with the police, those in MHC were found to be more likely to resist arrest, use a weapon, and be intoxicated during encounters with police. People of color were at uniquely high risk for more severe injury in nMHC but not those in MHC. Additionally, the subject being intoxicated was associated with increased risk of officer firearm use in MHC but not in nMHC. This study identified specific populations (e.g., people of color, those with comorbid mental illness and substance use) and specific subject behaviors (e.g., weapon use) associated with increased risk of officer firearm use and subject injury that are more likely in MHC and warrant further protection during police encounters. Study findings highlight the critical importance that officers receive training in best practices in identifying when a subject is in MHC, implement appropriate de-escalation strategies, and partner with mental health professionals to increase mental health care utilization and decrease risk of harm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of psychological torture and cybertorture with emerging digital technologies under anti-torture legal obligations in China: A mixed methods research in risks and remedies","authors":"Mingming Hai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlp.2025.102081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>International norms and domestic law-making and decision-making often underestimate the effects of psychological torture and the challenges posed by digital technologies like artificial intelligence, neurotechnology, and cybertechnology, such as cybertorture, used in interrogation techniques. This article focuses on how anti-torture legal measures, both in the international context and in their domestic implementation in China, respond to the contemporary challenges in the prevailing legal framework posed by the emergence of digital technologies and the effects of psychological torture. These challenges need to be considered from medico-legal perspectives in risk evaluation and remedies for the intertwined concept of neurorights and cybertorture and the effects of psychological torture, as well as introducing the argument that neurorights as an integral concept of human rights should be placed in the architecture of the human rights legal framework regarding cybertorture as a theoretical basis for legal reasoning in specific cases. This article aims to examine these challenges in the evolutionary interpretation of existing international conventions to combat torture by examining the changing trends in the interpretation of these instruments and the role played by soft law in them. It also examines how China, as a Convention's State party, provides judicial remedies for individual claims by psychological torture victims. It highlights that vagueness in the definition of concepts and the high threshold for the effects of psychological torture increase the risk of the victim suffering and act as a barrier to grant redress within medico-legal support. Using a mixed research method, it first analyzes two types of cause-of-action cases study regarding psychological torture of state compensation and involuntary admission procedures in Mental health Law. Quantitative analysis was also used to support the soundness of the exploratory conclusions drawn by the case study section. The empirical findings suggest that certain significant risk factors in China's law-making and judicial decision-making affect the fairness and availability of judicial remedies for individual claims.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}