RURAL SOCIOLOGY最新文献_第8页

A Fair Comparison: Women's and Men's Farms at Seven Scales in the United States☆ 一个公平的比较:美国女性和男性农场的七个尺度

IF 2.3 3区社会学

RURAL SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12512

Katherine Dentzman, Paul Lewin

{"title":"A Fair Comparison: Women's and Men's Farms at Seven Scales in the United States☆","authors":"Katherine Dentzman, Paul Lewin","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12512","url":null,"abstract":"Successful farms—in the public imagination, agricultural policy, and more—tend to be highly profitable and operate at extremely large scales. Research has shown that women are less likely to operate these types of farms, possibly due to their preferences and lifestyle choices. There is evidence, however, that these gaps are additionally the result of differences in access to resources due to gender discrimination. Patterns of inequity in land inheritance and other resources limit women's farm size and choice of crops, and thus their opportunities to farm at larger, more profitable scales. Nonetheless, women farmers also employ creative strategies to make farming work for them. Our study uses 2017 Census of Agriculture data to compare women and men farmers at 7 different farm scales, revealing gendered strategies and comparing men and women farmers on equal footing. This presents a more nuanced picture of women's participation in farming at various scales. Overall, we find that within farm scales, women are often doing just as well as men—usually with fewer or different resources and approaches. Women's unbalanced representation at each farm scale, however, helps to explain why women are not always envisioned as “real farmers” in the popular conscience.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disrupting Political Polarization: The Role of Politics in Explanations of Farm Loss in Southern Wisconsin☆ 扰乱政治两极分化:政治在解释威斯康星州南部农业损失中的作用

IF 2.3 3区社会学

RURAL SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12511

Claudine Pied, Shan Sappleton

{"title":"Disrupting Political Polarization: The Role of Politics in Explanations of Farm Loss in Southern Wisconsin☆","authors":"Claudine Pied, Shan Sappleton","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12511","url":null,"abstract":"Social science and popular media have described political polarization as a threat to democracy and effective policy. Scholars connect right/left political divides to macro-level social divisions, such as those between rural and urban residents, environmentalists and farmers, and pro-versus anti-government sentiments. While previous scholars have complicated these dichotomies, political polarization scholarship often seeks out evidence of polarization without considering these complications. In addition, we know little about how polarization is affecting community responses to social problems. This paper explores the rhetoric of political and social polarization as it appears in community responses to a particular social problem, the decline of small and mid-sized dairy farms in southern Wisconsin. During interviews, farmers, municipal leaders, and community members indeed used polarizing rhetoric and identified polarization as a problem in their communities. We argue, though, that the connections between commonly bifurcated identities, including a common attachment to the land and relationships across the rural–urban continuum, are equally important. We conclude by encouraging policy responses meant to address the fallout of the loss of mid-sized dairy farms to draw on these connections to avoid inadvertently reinforcing political divisions.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Built Environment and Social and Emotional Support among Rural Older Adults: The Case for Social Infrastructure and Attention to Ethnoracial Differences. 农村老年人的建筑环境与社会和情感支持：社会基础设施和对种族差异的关注。

IF 2.3 3区社会学

RURAL SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12491

Danielle Rhubart, Jennifer Kowalkowski, Logan Wincott

{"title":"The Built Environment and Social and Emotional Support among Rural Older Adults: The Case for Social Infrastructure and Attention to Ethnoracial Differences.","authors":"Danielle Rhubart, Jennifer Kowalkowski, Logan Wincott","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12491","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ruso.12491","url":null,"abstract":"Social and emotional support (SaES) is essential for older adult mental health and is shaped by individual-level factors and the built environment. However, much of the focus on the built environment, and specifically social infrastructure - the physical places that facilitate social interaction and social tie formation - relies heavily on urban settings or samples with limited diversity. Consequently, there is little understanding if social infrastructure matters for the SaES of older adults in rural America, and across race and ethnicity. Therefore, we use social cohesion as a conceptual lens and the community gerontology framework to determine if availability of social infrastructure is associated with SaES among older adults in rural America and if this relationship varies across race and ethnicity. Using data from 110,850 rural older adults from the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System and data from the National Neighborhood Data Archive, we show that among rural ethnoracial minority older adults, higher densities of social infrastructure are associated with higher SaES. This is not true for rural non-Hispanic White older adults. Results highlight the importance of accounting for both social infrastructure as part of the built environment and heterogeneity across race and ethnicity in studies that examine older adult mental and emotional health.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"88 3","pages":"731-762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10567077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geographical Tensions Within Municipalities? Evidence from Swedish Local Governments☆ 城市内部的地理紧张?来自瑞典地方政府的证据

IF 2.3 3区社会学

RURAL SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12509

Gissur Ó. Erlingsson, Richard Öhrvall, Susanne Wallman Lundåsen

{"title":"Geographical Tensions Within Municipalities? Evidence from Swedish Local Governments☆","authors":"Gissur Ó. Erlingsson, Richard Öhrvall, Susanne Wallman Lundåsen","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12509","url":null,"abstract":"When Sweden transformed its geography of local government in 1952 and 1962–1974, the number of municipalities was reduced from 2,498 to 278. The reforms were infused by the “central place theory,” which aimed to identify a larger town as the “local capital” (centralort) for each municipality. The centralort became the municipalities' political and administrative center, responsible for providing public services to surrounding settlements. Taking our point of departure in this historical legacy, as well as the literature on “geographies of discontent,” we ask whether there are geographical tensions within today's Swedish municipalities. Are there differences in satisfaction, trust, and views on the future of one's place of residence when comparing the centralort with its surrounding settlements? Using two datasets—Statistics Sweden's citizen survey carried out in 241 municipalities and Trustbarometer in 49 municipalities—we find that citizens in the centralort are more satisfied with democracy than those in peripheries, where individuals residing in the municipalities' most rural parts are the most dissatisfied. Moreover, different issues are perceived as more pressing and salient in the centralort compared to surrounding settlements.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Informal Modes of Social Support among Residents of the Rural American West during the COVID-19 Pandemic☆ 新冠肺炎大流行期间美国西部农村居民的非正式社会支持模式☆

IF 2.3 3区社会学

RURAL SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12507

Kathryn McConnell, J. Tom Mueller, Alexis A. Merdjanoff, Paul Berne Burow, Justin Farrell

{"title":"Informal Modes of Social Support among Residents of the Rural American West during the COVID-19 Pandemic☆","authors":"Kathryn McConnell, J. Tom Mueller, Alexis A. Merdjanoff, Paul Berne Burow, Justin Farrell","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12507","url":null,"abstract":"During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, federal spending on government safety net programs in the United States increased dramatically. Despite this unparalleled spending, government safety nets were widely critiqued for failing to fully meet many households' needs. Disaster research suggests that informal modes of social support often emerge during times of disruption, such as the first year of the pandemic. However, use of formal government programs and informal support are rarely examined relative to each other, resulting in an incomplete picture of how households navigate disaster impacts and financial shocks. This study compares estimates of informal social support to formal government program use in the rural U.S. West, drawing on data from a rapid response survey fielded during the summer of 2020 and the 2021 Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS-ASEC). We find that informal social support systems were, on aggregate, used almost as extensively as long-standing government programs. Our findings highlight the critical role of person-to-person assistance, such as sharing financial resources, among rural households during a disruptive disaster period. Routine and standardized data collection on these informal support behaviors could improve future disaster research and policy responses, especially among rural populations.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"93 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71435455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing Green: Lifecycles of an Arctic Agricultural Frontier☆ 看到绿色:北极农业前沿的生命周期

IF 2.3 3区社会学

RURAL SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12506

Mindy Jewell Price

{"title":"Seeing Green: Lifecycles of an Arctic Agricultural Frontier☆","authors":"Mindy Jewell Price","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12506","url":null,"abstract":"Imaginaries of empty, verdant lands have long motivated agricultural frontier expansion. Today, climate change, food insecurity, and economic promise are invigorating new agricultural frontiers across the circumpolar north. In this article, I draw on extensive archival and ethnographic evidence to analyze mid-twentieth-century and recent twenty-first-century narratives of agricultural development in the Northwest Territories, Canada. I argue that the early frontier imaginary is relatively intact in its present lifecycle. It is not simply climactic forces that are driving an emergent northern agricultural frontier, but rather the more diffuse and structural forces of capitalism, governmental power, settler colonialism, and resistance to those forces. I also show how social, political, and infrastructural limits continue to impede agricultural development in the Northwest Territories and discuss how smallholder farmers and Indigenous communities differently situate agricultural production within their local food systems. This paper contributes to critical debates in frontiers and northern agriculture literature by foregrounding the contested space between the state-driven and dominant public narratives underpinning frontier imaginaries, and the social, cultural, and material realities that constrain them on a Northwest Territories agricultural frontier.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Migration Across Metro-Nonmetro Boundaries and Hourly Wages☆ 跨地铁-非地铁边界的移民和小时工资

IF 2.3 3区社会学

RURAL SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12508

Xiao Li, Alair MacLean

{"title":"Migration Across Metro-Nonmetro Boundaries and Hourly Wages☆","authors":"Xiao Li, Alair MacLean","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12508","url":null,"abstract":"Previous scholars have demonstrated that nonmetro residents who move to metro areas earn higher wages. It remains an open question whether this metro wage advantage persists in the contemporary era, and how migrating influences young adults from metro areas. Migrants may earn higher wages due to higher education. Alternatively, they may earn lower wages because they lack social capital. They may experience different associations of migration and wages when growing up in nonmetro versus metro areas due to different family backgrounds, education, and community contexts. This article uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 97 and multilevel/mixed-effects models to test these competing predictions. The findings show that young adults earned higher wages if they worked in metro rather than in nonmetro areas, regardless of migration, confirming a metro wage advantage. People who left nonmetro areas earned higher wages than if they stayed, consistent with a “rural brain drain.” In addition, people earned similar wages if they stayed in, returned, and moved from metro to nonmetro areas, even though migrants and returnees had higher average education. The non-significant wage differences may be due to the less diverse wage structure in nonmetro labor markets and in-migrants' lack of social capital.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Misrecognition and Well-being in Culturally White Northern New England☆ 新英格兰北部白人文化中的误认与幸福感

IF 2.3 3区社会学

RURAL SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12505

Emily Walton

引用次数: 0

How Does Community Leadership Contribute to Rural Environmental Governance? Evidence from Shanghai Villages* 社区领导如何促进农村环境治理?来自上海村的证据*

IF 2.3 3区社会学

RURAL SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12504

Pingyang Liu, Aixi Han

引用次数: 0

The Expanding Search for Work: The Gender Gap in Livelihood Choices among the Rural Chinese, from 1989 to 2015☆ 不断扩大的就业:1989 - 2015年中国农村生计选择的性别差异[j]