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Optimal taxation in the life cycle with human capital investment 考虑人力资本投资的生命周期最优税收
IF 2 3区 经济学
Review of Economic Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2023.11.004
Been-Lon Chen, Fei-Chi Liang
{"title":"Optimal taxation in the life cycle with human capital investment","authors":"Been-Lon Chen,&nbsp;Fei-Chi Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.red.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper studies optimal taxes in a lifecycle model with unverifiable </span>human capital investment inseparable from regular consumption. The planner faces asymmetric information regarding agents’ exogenous abilities and endogenous human capital. Agents deviate in two ways: misreporting ability and mis-investing in human capital. We characterize the distortions in a model with i.i.d. shocks and full human capital depreciation. Distortions are characterized by capital wedges that are positive over the life cycle, labor wedges that are negative early and positive later in the life cycle, and net human capital wedges that are positive in the life cycle. These wedges serve as mechanisms to eliminate the distortion to consumption due to inseparability from education expenditure. Calibrate to U.S. data, we show numerically that these results apply in a richer model with persistent shocks and non-full human capital depreciation. Simulation suggests that average capital wedges are positive in all working periods, with progressive capital wedges in contemporary skills, average labor wedges are negative in early and positive in later periods, with hump-shape in skills and nonzero at the top and the bottom of the skill distribution, and net human capital wedges are positive and regressive in skills, indicating that human capital subsidies are in favor of the high skilled.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47890,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Dynamics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 21-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138472534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Taxes, regulations, and the value of U.S. corporations: A reassessment 税收、法规和美国公司的价值：重新评估
IF 2 3区 经济学
Review of Economic Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2023.07.011
Ellen R. McGrattan
{"title":"Taxes, regulations, and the value of U.S. corporations: A reassessment","authors":"Ellen R. McGrattan","doi":"10.1016/j.red.2023.07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2023.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reassesses the conclusions of <span>McGrattan and Prescott (2005)</span><span>, which derived the quantitative implications of growth theory for U.S. corporate valuations<span>. In addition to having two more decades of data, the analysis incorporates recent changes in policies that affect corporate investments, taxes, and legal-form choice. Secular trends identified in the earlier period remain, with little change in the tangible capital-output ratio or profit share of output. Corporate valuations remain high relative to the postwar average, in line with the theoretical prediction. Critical to this prediction are the decline in effective tax rate on distributions and the rise of foreign direct investment abroad. With the recent enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, corporate valuations are predicted to rise even further relative to GDP.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47890,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Dynamics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 131-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Introduction to the special issue in memory of Thomas F. Cooley 纪念托马斯·库利特刊简介
IF 2 3区 经济学
Review of Economic Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2023.07.013
Jeremy Greenwood, Nezih Guner, Loukas Karabarbounis, Lee Ohanian
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue in memory of Thomas F. Cooley","authors":"Jeremy Greenwood,&nbsp;Nezih Guner,&nbsp;Loukas Karabarbounis,&nbsp;Lee Ohanian","doi":"10.1016/j.red.2023.07.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2023.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47890,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Dynamics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CEO compensation: Facts CEO薪酬：事实
IF 2 3区 经济学
Review of Economic Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2023.07.006
Gian Luca Clementi , Thomas Cooley
{"title":"CEO compensation: Facts","authors":"Gian Luca Clementi ,&nbsp;Thomas Cooley","doi":"10.1016/j.red.2023.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2023.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we highlight a few striking features of CEO compensation in the US from 1994 to 2020. For the purpose of measuring both the level and sensitivity of compensation, we define the latter as the year–on–year change in the portion of the executive's wealth tied to the firm. Compared to a narrower definition often adopted in the literature to measure levels, the cross-sectional distribution displays much higher skewness and variation. Each year, a sizable fraction of chief executives lose money. During the second decade of this century, the award of options kept declining, while stock grants became more plentiful. In net, the dollar value of CEOs' position in their respective company did not keep up with the growth in capitalization. This contributes to explaining why the semi-elasticity of compensation with respect shareholder wealth has declined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47890,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Dynamics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 6-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Information acquisition and rating agencies 信息获取和评级机构
IF 2 3区 经济学
Review of Economic Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2023.07.005
Harold Cole , Thomas F. Cooley
{"title":"Information acquisition and rating agencies","authors":"Harold Cole ,&nbsp;Thomas F. Cooley","doi":"10.1016/j.red.2023.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2023.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For decades credit rating agencies were viewed as trusted arbiters of creditworthiness and their ratings as important tools for managing risk. The common narrative is that the value of ratings was compromised by the evolution of the industry to a form where issuers pay for ratings. In this paper we consider both an investor-pays and an issuer-pays set-ups and show that if the investor-pays version can overcome the free-rider problem it is efficient, and otherwise leads to under-provision of information; while if the issuer-pays can force disclosure, it is efficient, but otherwise it leads to less revealing information because of the systematic distortion in revealed information along with over-investment in information. We show that in both these arrangements credit ratings have value in equilibrium and how reputation insures that, in equilibrium, ratings will reflect sound assessments of credit worthiness. We argue that regulatory reliance on ratings and the increasing importance of risk-weighted capital in prudential regulation have more likely contributed to distorted ratings than the matter of who pays for them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47890,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Dynamics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 28-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cross-phenomenon restrictions: Unemployment effects of layoff costs and quit turbulence 交叉现象限制：裁员成本和辞职动荡对失业的影响
IF 2 3区 经济学
Review of Economic Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2023.07.004
Isaac Baley , Lars Ljungqvist , Thomas J. Sargent
{"title":"Cross-phenomenon restrictions: Unemployment effects of layoff costs and quit turbulence","authors":"Isaac Baley ,&nbsp;Lars Ljungqvist ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Sargent","doi":"10.1016/j.red.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cross-phenomenon restrictions associated with returns to labor mobility can inform calibrations of productivity processes in macro-labor models. We exploit how returns to labor mobility influence effects on equilibrium unemployment of changes in (a) layoff costs, and (b) distributions of skill losses coincident with quits (“quit turbulence”). Returns to labor mobility intermediate both effects. Ample labor reallocations observed across market economies that have different layoff costs imply that a turbulence explanation of trans-Atlantic unemployment experiences is robust to adding plausible quit turbulence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47890,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Dynamics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The expansion of varieties in the new age of advertising 广告新时代的品种扩张
IF 2 3区 经济学
Review of Economic Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2023.07.008
Salome Baslandze , Jeremy Greenwood , Ricardo Marto , Sara Moreira
{"title":"The expansion of varieties in the new age of advertising","authors":"Salome Baslandze ,&nbsp;Jeremy Greenwood ,&nbsp;Ricardo Marto ,&nbsp;Sara Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.red.2023.07.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2023.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The last decades have seen large improvements in digital advertising technology that allowed firms to target better specific consumer tastes. This research studies the relationship between digital advertising, the rise of varieties, and economic welfare<span>. A model of advertising and varieties is developed, where firms choose the intensity of digital ads directed at specific consumers as well as traditional ads that are undirected. The calibrated model shows that improvements in digital advertising have driven the rise in varieties over time. Empirical evidence is presented using detailed micro data on firms' products and advertising choices since 1995. Causal analysis using exogenous variation in consumers' differential access to the internet supports the suggested mechanism.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47890,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Dynamics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 171-210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accounting for the duality of the Italian economy 考虑到意大利经济的两重性
IF 2 3区 经济学
Review of Economic Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2023.07.009
Jesús Fernández-Villaverde , Dario Laudati , Lee Ohanian , Vincenzo Quadrini
{"title":"Accounting for the duality of the Italian economy","authors":"Jesús Fernández-Villaverde ,&nbsp;Dario Laudati ,&nbsp;Lee Ohanian ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Quadrini","doi":"10.1016/j.red.2023.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2023.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After 162 years of political unification, Italy still displays large regional economic differences. In 2019, the per capita GDP of Lombardia was 39,700 euros, but Calabria's per capita GDP was only 17,300 euros. We build a two-region, two-sector model of the Italian economy to measure the wedges that could account for the differences in aggregate variables between the North and the South. We find that the largest driver of the regional disparity in per capita output is the difference in total factor productivity, followed by fiscal redistribution. These two factors, together, account for more than 70 percent of the output disparity between the North and the South.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47890,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Dynamics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 267-290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Labor supply when productivity keeps growing 生产率持续增长时的劳动力供给
IF 2 3区 经济学
Review of Economic Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2023.07.010
Timo Boppart , Per Krusell , Jonna Olsson
{"title":"Labor supply when productivity keeps growing","authors":"Timo Boppart ,&nbsp;Per Krusell ,&nbsp;Jonna Olsson","doi":"10.1016/j.red.2023.07.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2023.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the intensive and extensive margins of labor supply in an incomplete-markets framework where productivity keeps growing. What are, in particular, the long-run implications for who will work how much, and how the distribution of economic welfare among households will change? We insist the relative strengths of income and substitution effects to be such as to match historical and cross-country observations. That is, hours will fall toward zero as productivity and income rise, while wages per hour will keep rising and be consistent with stable income shares for labor and capital. Despite this rather drastic path toward zero hours worked, we find that few features of the distribution of outcomes in the population are affected much at all by productivity growth. In particular, the relative distribution of hours worked and of consumption will look very similar to the case without productivity growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47890,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Dynamics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 61-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
More unequal we stand? Inequality dynamics in the United States, 1967–2021 我们所处的更不平等?1967-2021年美国的不平等动态
IF 2 3区 经济学
Review of Economic Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2023.07.014
Jonathan Heathcote , Fabrizio Perri , Giovanni L. Violante , Lichen Zhang
{"title":"More unequal we stand? Inequality dynamics in the United States, 1967–2021","authors":"Jonathan Heathcote ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Perri ,&nbsp;Giovanni L. Violante ,&nbsp;Lichen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.red.2023.07.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2023.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Heathcote et al. (2010)</span><span> conducted an empirical analysis of several dimensions of inequality in the United States over the years 1967-2006, using publicly-available survey data. This paper expands the analysis, and extends it to 2021. We find that since the early 2000s, the college wage premium has stopped growing, and the race wage gap has stalled. However, the gender wage gap has kept shrinking. Both individual- and household-level income inequality have continued to rise at the top, while the cyclical component of inequality dominates dynamics below the median. Inequality in consumption expenditures has remained remarkably stable over time. Income pooling within the family and redistribution by the government have enormous impacts on the dynamics of household-level inequality, with the role of the family diminishing and that of the government growing over time. In particular, largely due to generous government transfers, the COVID recession has been the first downturn in fifty years in which inequality in disposable income and consumption actually declined.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47890,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Dynamics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 235-266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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