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Jewish Networks Between The Persian Gulf and Palestine, 1820–1914 波斯湾与巴勒斯坦之间的犹太人网络，1820-1914 年

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtae002

Eirik Kvindesland

{"title":"Jewish Networks Between The Persian Gulf and Palestine, 1820–1914","authors":"Eirik Kvindesland","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtae002","url":null,"abstract":"Thousands of Jews moved from Qajar Iran and Ottoman Iraq to the Persian Gulf ports during the long nineteenth century. Attracted by colonial trade and British patronage, they formed communities on the Gulf littorals and expanded their social and economic networks across the sea. At the same time, modern transportation connected the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, enabling collective long-distance migration. This allowed Gulf Jews to imagine Jerusalem as a worldly and reachable city, making it home to a budding Persian Jewish community from the 1880s. This article traces these migrations between 1820 and 1914 through a reading of the Hebrew travelogues of migrating Persian rabbis alongside imperial records written by British, Ottoman and Qajar officials. By moving through four different cities, Shiraz and Bushehr in Iran, Bahrain off the Gulf’s Arab shore, and Jerusalem in Ottoman Palestine, it shows how Jews settled the Gulf coasts while incorporating Jerusalem into an oceanic Jewish network. Visualized in this way, the migration of Gulf Jews contributes to redefining Middle Eastern Jewish geographies while establishing a dialogue between Jewish history and transregional histories of the Persian Gulf.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transmisogyny, Ableism and Compulsory Cisness: Case Studies from Byzantium 跨性别主义、残疾主义和强制同性：拜占庭案例研究

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtae034

Ilya Maude, Maroula Perisanidi

引用次数: 0

Inter-Urban Alliances and the Archives of Legitimacy in the Southern Low Countries, 1250–1450 1250-1450 年南低地国家的城市间联盟与合法性档案

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtae035

Ron Mordechai Makleff

{"title":"Inter-Urban Alliances and the Archives of Legitimacy in the Southern Low Countries, 1250–1450","authors":"Ron Mordechai Makleff","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtae035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtae035","url":null,"abstract":"By the thirteenth century, confederations of communes in western Europe were claiming important legal, political and military prerogatives for themselves in written charters of inter-urban alliance. Scholars have seen these alliances as a tool of the emerging economic elite or as forces of resistance to the sovereign territorial state taking shape in the late Middle Ages. To understand alternatives to princely polity formation in the wealthy, urbanized regions of Brabant, Flanders and Liège, however, this article studies urban alliances as a power in their own right by examining how new documentary practices contributed to older traditions of inter-urban collaboration. Towns and their coalitions created and distributed bilateral, multilateral and hybrid or concentric charters of alliance and kept them in their own archives, which they saw as repositories of legal security and authority. Meanwhile, archivists, chancellors and other technicians of legitimacy helped princes to consolidate legal superiority over their supposedly subject towns by spearheading the confiscation and destruction of communal archives, in particular their charters of alliance. They thus obscured the scale of inter-urban solidarity: this article reports fifty-eight unique alliances preserved in over 200 charters between 1219 and 1444 across these three regions.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Needed but Deplored: Spinners and Singlewomen in Industrial Coventry, c.1490–1525 被需要但被痛惜：约 1490-1525 年考文垂工业区的纺纱工和单身女性

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtae023

Judith M Bennett

引用次数: 0

Electoral Violence in England and Wales, 1832–1914 1832-1914 年英格兰和威尔士的选举暴力

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtae017

Luke Blaxill, Gidon Cohen, Gary Hutchison, Patrick M Kuhn, Nick Vivyan

{"title":"Electoral Violence in England and Wales, 1832–1914","authors":"Luke Blaxill, Gidon Cohen, Gary Hutchison, Patrick M Kuhn, Nick Vivyan","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtae017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtae017","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses over 19,000 articles from newspapers and parliamentary commission reports to reveal endemic electoral violence in England and Wales between 1832 and 1914. It offers a new understanding of the phenomenon in three main ways. First, the extent of election violence, which regularly featured major riots requiring police and military intervention, disturbances of the peace, and deaths, questions conventional understandings of Britain's comparatively peaceful political development through a century of gradual suffrage expansion, rising literacy and economic development. Second, the trajectory of the electoral violence, which peaked in the period after the Second Reform Act of 1867 rather than after the Great Reform Act of 1832, challenges the linearity of these accounts. Third, despite the recent historiographical emphasis on explaining electoral violence as a ritual expression of discontent, much violence resulted from elites strategizing to win elections. Electoral violence occurred disproportionately when and where it was most useful to candidates and parties, and often involved the previously overlooked figure of the ‘hired rough’: men employed to disrupt elections by force. We thus advance a political, rather than cultural, explanation for electoral violence.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Natural’ disasters, ignorance, and the mirage of Italian settler colonialism in late nineteenth-century Africa 十九世纪末非洲的 "自然灾害"、无知以及意大利殖民者殖民主义的海市蜃楼

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtae004

Angelo Matteo Caglioti

{"title":"‘Natural’ disasters, ignorance, and the mirage of Italian settler colonialism in late nineteenth-century Africa","authors":"Angelo Matteo Caglioti","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtae004","url":null,"abstract":"This article places the origins of Italian settler colonialism and its defeat in the battle of Adwa (1896) in the global perspective of the environmental history of European imperialism. It argues that the Italian project to turn the highlands of the Horn of Africa into a settler colony was an “imperial mirage”: the perception that the momentarily depopulated landscape of Ethiopia, produced by “natural” disasters that were in fact the social products of colonial warfare, would be available to Italian settlers in the future. This mirage was based on a domino effect of environmental catastrophes connecting climate history, animal disease, and the politics of European imperialism. Italians’ introduction of rinderpest in Eritrea in the wake of an El Niño-related drought triggered “the Great African Rinderpest Panzootic” and the “Great Ethiopian Famine”. The mixture of willful ignorance and wishful self-deception that fueled Italian projects explains Italy’s defeat in the battle of Adwa. Building on the methodology of environmental historians and scholars in Science and Technology Studies, this article shifts focus from the power of the state to the techno-politics of colonialism in its impact on natural environments and African communities through the lens of the cultural production of ignorance.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State, crime and violence in Mexico, 1920–2000: Arbiters of impunity, agents of coercion 墨西哥的国家、犯罪和暴力，1920-2000 年：有罪不罚的仲裁者，强制的代理人

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtad032

Tom Long, Benjamin T Smith

引用次数: 0

Seigneurial predation in the late medieval feud 中世纪晚期世仇中的世袭掠夺

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtae014

Tristan W Sharp

{"title":"Seigneurial predation in the late medieval feud","authors":"Tristan W Sharp","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtae014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtae014","url":null,"abstract":"This article challenges the ‘from-lordship-to-government’ model of the grand narrative of European state formation through a reconceptualization of the late medieval German feud and lordship (1300–1500). It demonstrates how the predatory lordship of the feudal revolution persisted in late medieval imperial lands by centring on how modalities of extractive violence linked the lordly feud and lordship together in a system of seigneurial violence. It thus returns to Gadi Algazi’s controversial thesis that seigneurial lordship was a protection racket enabled by the omnipresent potential of the feud’s lordly violence. The author proposes that an overlooked body of evidence, damage registers (Schadensverzeichnisse), provides the evidence necessary for confirming and broadening Algazi’s insights. Through an archival collection of these documents, the author elucidates how this late medieval system of seigneurial violence was typified by a continuum of extractive violence from plundering to the levying of tribute and protection. In doing so, the author highlights how this system of seigneurial violence, lordship, and late medieval advances in governance held the potential to work together in far more complex ways than the ‘from-lordship-to-government’ narrative acknowledges.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intellectual Journeys towards Emotions: A Conversation among Feminist Scholars 走向情感的知识之旅：女性主义学者之间的对话

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtae005

Rukmini Barua, Stephanie Lämmert, Esra Sarıoğlu, Julia Wambach

引用次数: 0

Liquor Rations and Labour Management in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World 十九世纪大西洋世界的酒类配给和劳动力管理

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtae011

Christopher M Florio

引用次数: 0