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Overseas trade and taxation in England and Wales, c. 1680–1790 英格兰和威尔士的海外贸易与税收，约 1680-1790 年
IF 1.4 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13370
Spike Sweeting
{"title":"Overseas trade and taxation in England and Wales, c. 1680–1790","authors":"Spike Sweeting","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13370","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13370","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Historians have made relatively little headway in quantifying the economic influence of central government taxation in the eighteenth century. This question has a bearing on both the claims of the fiscal military state thesis that taxation got more regressive after 1690 and histories of welfare, which have argued that the lot English labourers improved during this period. The following article shows how the state indirectly taxed English and Welsh consumers and what impact that had on prices. It pays special attention to revenues derived from overseas trade and compares them with excises on beer and malt. It also uses recent estimates of consumption to calculate the taxes paid by ‘respectable’ households and charts the advancing impositions made by the state. It finds that most revenues derived from overseas trade were paid by middling or elite households with incomes that could easily achieve respectability. Poorer households were, however, squeezed hard by inland duties on beer, coal, and other necessaries. In this respect, factoring in state taxes should cause historians to revise downwards the living standards of much of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 3","pages":"749-775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Red gold: Copper and the U.S. mobilization campaign, 1950–3 红色黄金：铜与美国的动员运动，1950-1933 年
IF 1.4 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13371
Glenn J. Dorn
{"title":"Red gold: Copper and the U.S. mobilization campaign, 1950–3","authors":"Glenn J. Dorn","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13371","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13371","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines U.S. planners’ persistent efforts to secure an adequate supply of a vital metal, copper, during the Korean War, and the numerous obstacles that plagued them. Their initial efforts to mobilize without imposing a disruptive, draconian control scheme quickly proved inadequate, all but forcing planners to adopt a much more regimented Controlled Materials Plan (CMP). The inability of U.S. planners to secure a strong supranational control regime through the International Materials Conference undercut efforts to coordinate international mineral allocation, exacerbated U.S. shortages, and spawned ill-conceived compromises that eroded the effectiveness of the CMP. Finally, Truman's domestic opponents, never entirely reconciled to a rigid control regime, used the copper shortage to further weaken mobilization planning. In the end, the preparedness campaign, despite some remarkable successes, failed to achieve many of its goals due, in part, to a global copper shortage that Senator Burnet Maybank's Joint Committee on Defense Production called ‘perhaps the most serious material limiting factor on fulfillment of defense goals’.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 3","pages":"933-951"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The incidence and persistence of partnerships in a British industrial city: Glasgow, 1861–81 英国工业城市中伙伴关系的发生率和持久性：格拉斯哥，1861-81
IF 1.4 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13356
Graeme Acheson, Eoin McLaughlin, Gill Newton, Linda Perriton
{"title":"The incidence and persistence of partnerships in a British industrial city: Glasgow, 1861–81","authors":"Graeme Acheson,&nbsp;Eoin McLaughlin,&nbsp;Gill Newton,&nbsp;Linda Perriton","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13356","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the prevalence of business partnerships in a late-nineteenth-century British city, using individual-level data from post office directories and censuses. Focusing on Glasgow, we present a detailed picture of partnership number and type, demographic characteristics of the entrepreneurs who ran them, and how these businesses persisted over time. We show that partnerships were a key business grouping in the city and demonstrate that the partnership form was advantageous in manufacturing and that the majority of partnerships were formed between individuals without family ties. Furthermore, we offer new insight into business longevity, showing that partnership business survival broadly matched corporate survival rates in this period, with persistence data also suggesting that kinship partnerships were better able to deal with the perceived hold-up problems associated with the partnership form.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 3","pages":"849-876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From the little divergence to the little divide: Real wages in the Kingdom of Sicily (1540‒1850) 从 "小分歧 "到 "小鸿沟"：西西里王国的实际工资（1540-1850 年）
IF 1.4 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13359
Tancredi Buscemi
{"title":"From the little divergence to the little divide: Real wages in the Kingdom of Sicily (1540‒1850)","authors":"Tancredi Buscemi","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13359","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13359","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper challenges the commonly held belief that Southern Italy was a homogeneous, backwards region by reconstructing real wages in the kingdom of Sicily over three centuries. The findings suggest more than one divide in pre-unitarian regions, with Sicilian living standards being structurally higher than the Italian average. This study has important implications for traditional debates in European and Italian economic history, such as the timing of the little divergence and the Italian economic downturn. Additionally, it raises new questions regarding the origins of the regional divide, highlighting a heterogeneous picture of regional trends and the need for broader spatial coverage in wage studies to avoid the potential bias of single-city analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 2","pages":"646-672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Respectable standards of living: The alternative lens of maintenance costs, Britain 1270–1860 体面的生活标准：赡养费的另一种视角，英国 1270-1860 年
IF 1.4 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13357
Jane Humphries
{"title":"Respectable standards of living: The alternative lens of maintenance costs, Britain 1270–1860","authors":"Jane Humphries","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13357","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper argues that in all societies there is considerable agreement about what goods and services are needed to provide a decent living, and that this standard can be measured by the expense involved in maintaining people of good standing. Maintenance costs include two components of living costs that are neglected in conventional approaches. First, in contrast to the usual focus on a fixed basket of commodities, maintenance costs capture changes in the composition and quality of the goods required for a respectable lifestyle. Second, unlike conventional accounting, they include the costs of the household services required to turn the basket commodities into livings. Ignored in the conventional methodology, the inclusion of these costs represents a core innovation. More than 4600 observations, drawn mainly from primary sources, trace levels and trends in maintenance costs for Britain from 1270 to 1860. These can be compared with established cost of living indicators to offer a complementary perspective on real consumption that accommodates aspirational goods and the input of household labour. The struggle to support families at respectable standards emerges as driving industriousness and motivating prudence among a class that played a major role in economic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 2","pages":"613-645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
UK fiscal policy and external balance under Bretton Woods: Twin deficits or distant relatives? 布雷顿森林体系下的英国财政政策和对外收支平衡：双赤字还是远亲？
IF 1.4 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13352
Joshua J. Banerjee
{"title":"UK fiscal policy and external balance under Bretton Woods: Twin deficits or distant relatives?","authors":"Joshua J. Banerjee","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13352","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The United Kingdom (UK) is typically regarded as the sine qua non case of an economy experiencing chronic external imbalances under the post-war Bretton Woods system, apparently unable to reconcile the divergent objectives of robust economic growth and current account equilibrium. This paper investigates the famed ‘twin deficits hypothesis’, which ascribed responsibility for the UK's current account woes to an excessively lax fiscal policy. Calling on two distinct approaches to identifying fiscal shocks, we find evidence decisively against the traditional twin deficits view, and uncover serious shortcomings in the way that both policymakers and academics conceptualized the transmission of fiscal policy to the current account. Our results demonstrate that factors other than fiscal policy are of considerably greater importance for understanding the UK's historical experience, and we elaborate on the need for a reappraisal of some classic policy debates concerning external adjustment under the Bretton Woods system.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 2","pages":"583-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The expansion of basic education during ‘deskilling’ technological change in England and Wales, c. 1780–1830 约 1780-1830 年英格兰和威尔士 "桌面化 "技术变革期间基础教育的扩展
IF 1.4 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13354
Louis Henderson
{"title":"The expansion of basic education during ‘deskilling’ technological change in England and Wales, c. 1780–1830","authors":"Louis Henderson","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13354","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The first country to industrialize – England – ostensibly did so without expanding investment in the basic education of its workforce. The empirical evidence underpinning this argument for England rests largely on signature rates at marriage. These are not a perfect indication of educational achievement, particularly as many children never learned to write. More problematically, I argue signatures are likely to have systematically underestimated human capital in industrial districts. In place of signature data, I propose age heaping, a measure widely understood as a proxy for numeracy but shown here to be closely related to both reading and writing abilities. In contrast to signatures, this measure suggests that ‘deskilling’ industrialization induced human capital accumulation. I argue that this occurred not because human capital was directly productive, but rather because schools provided a valuable signal. Sunday school attendance signalled low leisure-preference among child workers and were popularly attended in industrial districts. Further, such schools taught children to read but not write, which they considered inappropriate for the Sabbath, accounting for the discrepancy between these two measures of human capital.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 2","pages":"553-582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public Interest and State Legitimation: Early Modern England, Japan, and China. , Wenkai He, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. pp. 320. ISBN 9781009334556. Pbk. £25.99) 公共利益与国家合法性：早期现代英国、日本和中国。剑桥大学出版社，2023 年：pp.320.ISBN9781009334556。Pbk. £25.99)
IF 1.4 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13367
Jared Rubin
{"title":"Public Interest and State Legitimation: Early Modern England, Japan, and China. , Wenkai He, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. pp. 320. ISBN 9781009334556. Pbk. £25.99)","authors":"Jared Rubin","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"77 3","pages":"1116-1117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Soviet Union and the Construction of the Global Market: Energy and the Ascent of Finance in Cold War Europe 1964–1971. Oscar Sanchez-Sibony, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. pp. 290. 8 figs. ISBN 9781108834544 Hardback £85) 苏联与全球市场的构建：1964-1971年冷战欧洲的能源与金融崛起》。奥斯卡-桑切斯-西博尼，（剑桥：290 页。8 figs.ISBN 9781108834544 精装本 85 英镑)
IF 1.4 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13369
Helen Thompson
{"title":"The Soviet Union and the Construction of the Global Market: Energy and the Ascent of Finance in Cold War Europe 1964–1971. Oscar Sanchez-Sibony, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. pp. 290. 8 figs. ISBN 9781108834544 Hardback £85)","authors":"Helen Thompson","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13369","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"77 3","pages":"1120-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Wealth of a Nation: Institutional Foundations of English Capitalism. Geoffrey Hodgson, (Princeton University Press, 2023. pp. 304. ISBN: 9780691247014, Hbk £35) 一个国家的财富》：英国资本主义的制度基础》。杰弗里-霍奇森，（普林斯顿大学出版社，2023 年，第 304 页。ISBN：9780691247014，平装本 35 英镑）
IF 1.4 1区 历史学
Economic History Review Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13364
Graham Brownlow
{"title":"The Wealth of a Nation: Institutional Foundations of English Capitalism. Geoffrey Hodgson, (Princeton University Press, 2023. pp. 304. ISBN: 9780691247014, Hbk £35)","authors":"Graham Brownlow","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"77 3","pages":"1112-1113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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