Economic History Review最新文献

{"title":"‘No commercial activity leaves greater benefit’: The profitability of the Cuban-based slave trade during the first half of the nineteenth century","authors":"Jose Miguel Sanjuan-Marroquin,&nbsp;Martin Rodrigo-Alharilla","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13272","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13272","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we discuss the basis of the illegal slave trade between Africa and Cuba, measuring its volume and profit during the first half of the nineteenth century. Due to its illegal nature, the sources for exploring this trade were systematically destroyed, but we have been able to locate the accountancy of 17 expeditions that gives us a comprehensive understanding of the profits, margins, and risks. The basis to understanding this business was the murderous use of enslaved persons in the sugar mills, which forced a continuous repositioning through an illegal, although tolerated by the Spanish authorities, business. We demonstrate that from an economic point of view, the slave trade after illegalization was highly profitable, as the financial return of successful expeditions was near 100 per cent of the invested capital in less than a year. The risk of capture by the British authorities, associated with its illegal nature, was only high during the initial moments, and became steadily lower afterwards. In terms of volume, the trade of a half million enslaved persons illegally smuggled into Cuba produced what was probably the island's most important market.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"77 1","pages":"268-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42172023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between voluntarism and compulsion: Membership in mutual health insurance societies in Swedish manufacturing, c. 1900","authors":"Maria Stanfors,&nbsp;Tobias Karlsson,&nbsp;Lars-Fredrik Andersson,&nbsp;Liselotte Eriksson","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13271","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13271","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Membership in mutual health insurance societies spread among industrial workers in the late nineteenth century. We study determinants of such membership among male workers in Swedish manufacturing by using matched employer–employee data from three industries covering all workers (i.e. members and non-members, <i>N</i> &gt; 12 000) and firms around 1900. We find remarkably high rates of membership overall, and especially among married workers. The association between marital status and health insurance suggests that selection into health insurance societies was ‘propitious’ rather than ‘adverse’. Many workers became members well before the age of 40 years, when their health began to deteriorate, and this coincided with the average age of first marriage for men, occurring in their late twenties. Being married and having membership was more marked in firms with voluntary membership and was important for the viability of the mix of voluntary and compulsory health insurance societies emerging in Nordic countries around 1900. Findings support the idea that health insurance can attract high levels of membership under voluntary schemes and suggest why it took so long before statutory health insurance covering sickness absence and workplace accidents was introduced in Sweden.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"77 1","pages":"244-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41905755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Early inventory management practices in the foreign exchange market: Insights from sixteenth-century Lyon’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13258","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Matringe, N., ‘Early inventory management practices in the foreign exchange market: Insights from sixteenth-century Lyon’, <i>Economic History Review</i>, 75, (2022), pp. 739−778. https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13112</p><p>In the above article, In Appendix II, graph (b) was incorrectly published on page 775.</p><p>The correct graph (b) should read as follows:</p><p>(b) Inventory rebalancing (three-party transaction)</p><p></p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"76 3","pages":"995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50117935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exchange Journalism from the Position of Behavioral Finance: Economic Thinking of a Stock Market Speculator in the Beginning\u0000\u0000of the 20th Century","authors":"I. N. Galushko","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.188-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.188-196","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Modern financial theory still wonders the degree of behavioral factors influence on the financial assets pricing. We assume that it necessary to consider this problem within the framework of historical and economic science, since exchange prices are widely used in modern research as a historical source. Turning to the materials of professional stock exchange journalism, in this article we sought to determine how market participants described the pricing mechanism and how their market behavior were built in accordance with these analytical settings.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods. We chose the book “Political, economic and financial issues of recent times” as our main source. That work includes analytical articles by I. P. Manus (1860–1918), a well-known stock speculator who made a millionth fortune on the Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange.\u0000\u0000Results. I. P. Manus’s articles demonstrate how the practice of economic analysis of financial markets combines a rational assessment of the financial results with taking into account “inefficient”, speculative price factors. In our source we trace the idea of uncertainty that cannot be overcome by formal analysis methods. All of that actualizes the need to use the methodology of behavioral finance when working with financial history materials.\u0000\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. We believe that it is not entirely correct for our material to draw a rigid methodological boundary between “behavioral” and “rational”. If we use the terminology of social history, it is much more effective to consider these concepts in their complex interaction, which forms a special “frame” of financial practice of the early 20th century.","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90400965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Specifics of the Economic Tradition of Russian Society: from Byzantine Origins to Postindustrialism and Postmodernism","authors":"M. A. Eldin, A. A. Raslova","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.177-187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.177-187","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the history of Russian public thought, the issues of human economic activity have been considered from time immemorial through the prism of ethics of justice. Many things have been borrowed from the practice of Byzantine religious morality of economic taxonomism. In the Byzantine patristic paradigm, economy-house-building was analyzed as a field for spiritual growth in the field of Orthodox obedience. Wealth and success were not condemned, but evaluated as a challenge to the test. At the same time, from John Chrysostom to the thinkers of Moscow Russia, the theme of economic activity was presented as serving the highest social ideals of spiritual service. In the imperial period, the problems of economic life were analyzed from the standpoint of service to the state from S. N. Bulgakov to P. B. Struve. The Soviet model of state regulation turned out to be unique and did not reproduce much the previous experience of Rus – Russia in terms of the complexity of the national economy.\u0000\u0000Material and Methods. An integrative approach combined with historical-methodological and philosophical-historical analysis is considered as a theoretical and methodological research strategy. The solution of research tasks was provided by a complex of complementary theoretical (analysis of scientific, historical literature, journalistic research on the studied problem, comparative analysis of texts, comparison, generalization) and empirical (study and generalization of normative legal documents in the concepts of caesarepapism and secularism) methods.\u0000\u0000Results. The considered model of postmodernism in terms of its understanding in the Russian economic tradition and the specifics of the national economic structure in the realities of Russian history testifies to the secondary, borrowed nature of postmodern concepts.\u0000\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The expected effect of the actual understanding of the processes can be a properly constructed model of state-public relations, which can appear only with a balanced factor of diverse interests of actors of modern state-economic policy of Russia.","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88438357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honey Production in the Urals: Sweet Products of the Bitter First Post-War Years","authors":"V. Mamyachenkov, V. Motrevich","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.121-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.121-132","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The problem of the development of such a specific branch of animal husbandry as beekeeping within the boundaries of the Ural Economic Region (UER) in the first post-war years (1946–1950) is investigated. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the Urals was characterized by a well-developed bee industry, and the collection of honey ensured the supply of valuable products to the population and industry of the country.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods. The main source base of the study is the materials of the USSR CSI stored in the Russian State Archive of Economics, which made it possible to trace the development of the industry and the dynamics of honey collection in the republics and regions of the Urals for all categories of farms. The work is based on the use of a complex of methods: general scientific and special scientific (historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-systemic).\u0000\u0000Results. The analysis of honey production by both public and individual sectors of agriculture of the Urals is carried out. It is emphasized that the climatic conditions of the UER as a whole in a significant part of its space cannot be considered favorable for the development of beekeeping. It is argued that the beginning of the period under study was not the most successful period of the development of the Ural beekeeping due to the just ended the Great Patriotic War. It is stated that during the war the number of apiaries and the number of bee colonies has significantly decreased. Attention is focused on the fact that in the studied five-year period for beekeeping in most regions of the Urals, there were two clearly unfavorable years – 1947 and 1950.\u0000\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. Beekeeping is a rather specific branch of animal husbandry and agriculture in general, designed to provide the population, first of all, with its main products – honey. Due to a number of reasons, there was no significant increase in honey production in the Urals during the study period. One of the reasons mentioned was that it was in the years under study that there was a sharp and widespread increase in sugar consumption. It is established that the superiority in honey collection both in the pre-war and in the first post-war years belonged to Bashkiria, beekeeping was also well developed in the Molotov region. Most of the honey was collected by collective farms, but over the years under study, their role gradually decreased. At the same time, the role of individual farms of the population, both collective farmers and workers and employees, increased","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82377897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditions of the Production of Bast Shoes from the Mordovians","authors":"G. Kornishina","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.109-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.109-120","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article discusses the structure of the craft associated with the manufacture of bast shoes among the Mordovians in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. It is supposed to consider the level of development of this industry, to identify its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, sources of raw materials, as well as its significance for the traditional economy of Mordovians.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods. A comparative historical method was used, on the basis of which the forms of existence of individual components included in the structure of the fishery under consideration were studied, and the trends of changes occurring with it were traced. This method was applied in combination with the analysis of historiographic works and sources, as well as field research methods.\u0000\u0000Results. Bast shoes among the Mordovians since ancient times were made mainly for the needs of their families. But by the end of the 19th century, this activity turned into handicraft production, which reached a significant size, although it was predominantly local in nature. It included not only the direct production of bast shoes (lapti, stupni), but also the tools used in the manufacture of products, the procurement and primary processing of raw materials – bast, the sale of finished products.\u0000\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The production of bast shoes among the Mordovians in the 19th and early 20th centuries remained mainly a household craft in which members of a peasant family were employed. At the beginning of the 20 th century, this industry began to decline. This was due to a decrease in forest area, which led to a shortage of raw materials, as well as low income from it. Bast shoes gradually began to go out of constant use, giving way to handicraft and factory leather shoes. Although, as everyday shoes, they continued to exist among the Mordovians until the middle of the last century.","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82848996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Soviet Industrial Development in 1957–1964 (On the Example of the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics)","authors":"Igor Yu. Asabin","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.159-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.159-168","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Methods. The relevance of the work is due to the demand for the experience of the economic council reform, including its regional aspect, at the present stage of Russian modernization. The basis of the methodology of the work is the modernization historical paradigm, aimed at the study of various kinds of progressive transformations of society, noted in the process of its development. The main methods used are comparative-historical, historical-cultural, problem-chronological.\u0000\u0000Results and Discussion. The economic councils of the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash economic administrative regions already in the first years of their existence showed very worthy economic results. The decentralization of the economic sphere, the removal of bureaucratic “obstacles” stimulated the rapid development of new high-tech industries in all three republics: electrical, machine-building, metalworking, instrument-making, etc. However, having given the industrial development of the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics a maximum exhausted itself quickly. Founded in the early 1960s the crisis phenomena were expressed in the growth of isolation of the economic regions headed by economic councils as economic cells striving for self-sufficiency (autarky), which gave rise to a number of problems, in particular in matters of supplies between different economic regions, in drawing up plans and their implementation. The regional material of the studied republics eloquently testifies to the typical (universal) nature of such negative manifestations.\u0000\u0000Conclusion. For the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, the main result of the economic reform was, in fact, their synchronous transformation from agrarian-industrial to industrial-agrarian regions. The rather rapid pace of this process (1957–1964) can be explained by the decentralization of the economy that occurred as a result of the economic reform, which brought management closer to production and unloaded the industrial management system from excessive bureaucracy. However, the effect of decentralization turned out to be extremely short-lived, since the shortcomings of the territorial administration system soon showed themselves, leading to the rapid exhaustion of its capabilities.","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79100647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socialist Competition: Organization, Dynamics of Premium Payments (the Second Half of the 1940s)","authors":"M. Klinova","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.146-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.146-158","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the methods of restoring the economy destroyed by the war and eliminating the economic consequences of the war was socialist competition. The purpose of the work: to characterize the policy of socialist competitions in Soviet urban society, to analyze the volume of bonus payments in various industries, to identify their dynamics that occurred in the second half of the 1940s.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the modernization historical paradigm. When writing the article, the author was guided by the principles of historicism and objectivity. Work with historical sources was carried out through general scientific and historical methods.\u0000\u0000Results and Discussion. The organizational mechanisms of socialist competitions are considered, bonus payments for victory at enterprises of various industries are analyzed. It was revealed that the largest payments and the number of bonuses for winning the All-Union socialist competition were recorded at the enterprises of the Ministry of Railways, enterprises and construction sites of the coal industry, electrical industry. The size of individual bonuses of workers varied depending on the industry, the status of the competition, the position of the employee. In 1948, the prizes for winning the socialist competition were reduced by 50 %.\u0000\u0000Conclusion. Socialist competition, as a practical method of intensifying production and increasing labor productivity, in the post-war years demonstrated its effectiveness and efficiency in solving economic problems facing the state.","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"401 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78053169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agriculture of Mordovia in the Conditions of Reforms of the Early 1990s","authors":"O. I. Mariskin","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.169-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.061.019.202302.169-176","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article examines the transformation of the agricultural industry in Russia during the transition to a market economy. The essence of the reforms consisted in a comprehensive change in the entire system of agrarian relations, including land ownership and other means of production, systems of farming and economic management, the transformation of the intersectoral and territorial structure of agro-industrial production, etc.\u0000\u0000Results and Discussion. In order to form a new organizational and economic structure of the agricultural sector, at the end of 1991, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted regulations on the reorganization of collective farms and state farms and the procedure for the privatization of state agricultural enterprises. It was assumed that the arrays would be gradually withdrawn from collective and state farm land use in order to provide them to farmers without upper restrictions on the size of allotments.\u0000\u0000By 1994, more than half of agricultural enterprises in Russia had chosen new organizational and legal forms of management, and preference was given to various types of partnerships. In Mordovia most enterprises in the agricultural sector have retained their former status as a collective farm or state farm.\u0000\u0000The course of the ongoing reforms was accompanied by a decline in production, a decrease in livestock, the cost of agricultural products, sharp deterioration in the financial condition of agricultural enterprises. Even in these difficult years, when reforms were carried out inconsistently, and sometimes some attitudes contradicted others, part of the farms of Mordovia worked relatively steadily, made a profit, regularly paid salaries to employees, had a good profitability indicator.\u0000\u0000Conclusion. As a result of the reorganization of collective agricultural enterprises, a significant step was taken towards the creation of a multi-layered agrarian economy based on equality of all forms of ownership and methods of land management. However, this did not bring tangible positive results in increasing the efficiency of agricultural production in the 1990s.","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82832218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}