Economic History Review最新文献_第10页

European Financial Crisis of 1763 1763年欧洲金融危机

IF 2.2 1区历史学

Economic History Review Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.058-065

{"title":"European Financial Crisis of 1763","authors":"","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.058-065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.058-065","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The financial factor had its full effect during the next major pan-European conflict – the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763). The Seven Years’ War can be considered as the “zero” World War of the 18th century. Its fighting took place in all parts of the world and oceans known then. All the major Christian powers of that time were drawn into it. In terms of the level of militarization, this war surpassed all previous coalition wars. The financial crisis caused by the Seven Years’ War was also very different from the previous ones and had a pan-European effect. The purpose of the article is to study the causes of the financial crisis of 1763.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods. Comparative-historical, chronological and genealogical research methods were used, the principles of objectivity and historicism were observed.\u0000\u0000Results. The crisis was led by the confidence of some banks and financial firms in a win-win business related to the supply of military operations.\u0000\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. After Frederick II began defacing coins, according to the Copernicus – Gresham law, degraded money is forced out of circulation by full-weight ones, so the German princes, who were neighbors of Prussia, were forced to voluntarily lower the silver content in their coins. There was nothing left but to start the debasing process. This leads to the financial crisis of 1763.","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72744226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modernization of the Coal Industry of the Far East during the First Five-Year Plan (1928–1932) 第一个五年计划时期远东煤炭工业的现代化

IF 2.2 1区历史学

Economic History Review Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.024-037

{"title":"Modernization of the Coal Industry of the Far East during the First Five-Year Plan (1928–1932)","authors":"","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.024-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.024-037","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The coal industry of the Far East, which was the main fuel base of the region, was in a state of severe crisis by 1928. The enterprises of the industry did not have the necessary working capital, were equipped with obsolete equipment, experienced an acute shortage of qualified personnel. The solution of these problems became possible with the beginning of industrialization in the USSR and the provision of assistance to the region by the center.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods. The source basis of the research is unpublished documents identified in the funds of federal and regional archives. In the course of the work, the author used a set of general scientific and special historical methods.\u0000\u0000Results and Discussion. During the implementation of the first five-year plan, the financing of coal mining in the Far East has sharply increased. At the mines of the region, the active introduction of the latest technology began, which made it possible to begin mechanization of production processes, increase the level of electrification and mechanization. The foundations of the personnel training system were also laid, significant labor resources from the central regions were attracted. However, despite the successes achieved: an increase in labor productivity, an increase in total production, the final results turned out to be more modest than expected. Basically, the changes covered the enterprises of Primorye, on Sakhalin and in the Amur region, reconstruction was carried out much slower.\u0000\u0000Conclusion. The reasons that caused the divergence of plans and the results obtained in practice were the periphery of the region, which led to its supply on a residual basis and ignoring its interests in favor of more industrialized areas. As well as underestimating the production capabilities of the enterprises themselves, the geological conditions of their operation. In 1928–1932, it was not possible to create a stable supply system for equipment and machinery, low qualifications and high turnover of labor remained.","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82950276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Agrarian Question in the Views of N. Kh. Bunge (to the 200th Anniversary of his Birthday) 马克思观点中的土地问题。邦吉(纪念他诞辰200周年)

IF 2.2 1区历史学

Economic History Review Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.076-086

D. Stozhko, K. Stozhko

{"title":"The Agrarian Question in the Views of N. Kh. Bunge (to the 200th Anniversary of his Birthday)","authors":"D. Stozhko, K. Stozhko","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.076-086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.076-086","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. 2023 marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of N. Kh. Bunge, an outstanding Russian scientist, economist, public figure and statesman. His views, especially on the agrarian question, are still poorly understood. The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the views of N. Kh. Bunge on the agrarian issue and to reveal their humanistic nature.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods. The study used methods of analysis, synthesis, generalizations and axiology, as well as historical-retrospective, historical-genetic and hermeneutical, program-targeted and structural-functional methods for studying problematic issues in the history of economic science. The study is based on primary sources: the writings of N. Kh. Bunge himself and the works of his contemporaries.\u0000\u0000Results. Among the most significant ideas in the field of posing and solving the agrarian issue of N. Kh. Bunge, his approaches to the issues of land ownership and land use, migration (settlement) processes, the development of peasant self-government, the development of rental, tax and financial-credit relations are identified and disclosed. The multidimensional and at the same time contradictory nature of the views of N. Kh. Bunge in matters of domestic economic policy were revealed. The conclusion is made about the humanistic orientation of the scientific heritage of the scientist and the need for its further more detailed study in the context of a new social reality.\u0000\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. Specific approaches of Russian historiography to the study of the works of N. Kh. Bunge in the pre-revolutionary period (A. N. Zak, I. I. Levin, A. A. Mikulin, M. N. Sobolev, M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky and others) and the growing interest in his political and economic views in the 21st century. An assessment is given to the debatable thesis about the characterization of the views of N. Kh. Bunge as being “between historicism and liberalism” (J. Zweinert).","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82839339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Legal origins of corporate governance: Choice of law in Egypt, 1887–1914 公司治理的法律渊源:埃及的法律选择，1887-1914

IF 2.2 1区历史学

Economic History Review Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13247

Cihan Artunç

{"title":"Legal origins of corporate governance: Choice of law in Egypt, 1887–1914","authors":"Cihan Artunç","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13247","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper revisits the classic question of legal origins: whether laws originating from common or civil law traditions are more effective in promoting governance rules with stronger shareholder and investor protection. But corporate governance cannot be easily disentangled from other sources that can influence firm outcomes. This paper disentangles these effects by assembling a new dataset of corporations in Egypt between 1887 and 1914. Egypt had an unusual system of incorporation. The main legal system was a close French transplant but entrepreneurs – Europeans and Egyptians alike – had the option of incorporating under any European law. This practice allowed extraordinary legal flexibility in choice of law, governance provisions, and board composition. The new findings show that companies incorporated under British law provided weaker shareholder protection than companies incorporated under French laws, especially in giving weaker voting rights to minority shareholders, preventing oversight over directors' borrowing powers, and limiting director rotation. These rules mattered for firm performance. Corporations with weaker investor protection had higher failure risk, were less profitable, and had lower firm value.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42008149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Household structure, labour participation, and economic inequality in Britain, 1937–61 1937 - 1961年英国的家庭结构、劳动参与和经济不平等

IF 2.2 1区历史学

Economic History Review Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13248

Ian Gazeley, Andrew Newell, Kevin Reynolds, Hector Rufrancos