{"title":"Back to the future: How economic history can gain more relevance by abandoning modernization thinking","authors":"Bas van Bavel","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Economic history has built a solid scientific foundation over the past decades but runs a risk of becoming marginalized. This paper suggests various ways to enhance its academic and societal relevance. It proposes taking pressing societal issues as clear starting points and using history as a ‘laboratory’ to address them. To effectively do so, a sharper focus on the social and environmental contexts of economic development would be needed. This may be furthered by closer involvement in multidisciplinary teams, where economic historians would bring in the chronological dimension, making use of their historical skills. Relevance will also be increased by abandoning modernization thinking. This would encourage more openness to processes of contestation, reversal, and divergencies, and more fully using the research opportunities offered by periods further back in time and all across the globe, not because these are different from the ‘modern’, Western situation but because they are relevant as sources of knowledge in themselves – knowledge that may be vital in light of the grave challenges present societies are facing.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 2","pages":"401-423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From the little divergence to the little divide: Real wages in the Kingdom of Sicily (1540‒1850)","authors":"Tancredi Buscemi","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13359","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13359","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper challenges the commonly held belief that Southern Italy was a homogeneous, backwards region by reconstructing real wages in the kingdom of Sicily over three centuries. The findings suggest more than one divide in pre-unitarian regions, with Sicilian living standards being structurally higher than the Italian average. This study has important implications for traditional debates in European and Italian economic history, such as the timing of the little divergence and the Italian economic downturn. Additionally, it raises new questions regarding the origins of the regional divide, highlighting a heterogeneous picture of regional trends and the need for broader spatial coverage in wage studies to avoid the potential bias of single-city analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 2","pages":"646-672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Respectable standards of living: The alternative lens of maintenance costs, Britain 1270–1860","authors":"Jane Humphries","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13357","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper argues that in all societies there is considerable agreement about what goods and services are needed to provide a decent living, and that this standard can be measured by the expense involved in maintaining people of good standing. Maintenance costs include two components of living costs that are neglected in conventional approaches. First, in contrast to the usual focus on a fixed basket of commodities, maintenance costs capture changes in the composition and quality of the goods required for a respectable lifestyle. Second, unlike conventional accounting, they include the costs of the household services required to turn the basket commodities into livings. Ignored in the conventional methodology, the inclusion of these costs represents a core innovation. More than 4600 observations, drawn mainly from primary sources, trace levels and trends in maintenance costs for Britain from 1270 to 1860. These can be compared with established cost of living indicators to offer a complementary perspective on real consumption that accommodates aspirational goods and the input of household labour. The struggle to support families at respectable standards emerges as driving industriousness and motivating prudence among a class that played a major role in economic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 2","pages":"613-645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UK fiscal policy and external balance under Bretton Woods: Twin deficits or distant relatives?","authors":"Joshua J. Banerjee","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13352","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The United Kingdom (UK) is typically regarded as the sine qua non case of an economy experiencing chronic external imbalances under the post-war Bretton Woods system, apparently unable to reconcile the divergent objectives of robust economic growth and current account equilibrium. This paper investigates the famed ‘twin deficits hypothesis’, which ascribed responsibility for the UK's current account woes to an excessively lax fiscal policy. Calling on two distinct approaches to identifying fiscal shocks, we find evidence decisively against the traditional twin deficits view, and uncover serious shortcomings in the way that both policymakers and academics conceptualized the transmission of fiscal policy to the current account. Our results demonstrate that factors other than fiscal policy are of considerably greater importance for understanding the UK's historical experience, and we elaborate on the need for a reappraisal of some classic policy debates concerning external adjustment under the Bretton Woods system.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 2","pages":"583-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The expansion of basic education during ‘deskilling’ technological change in England and Wales, c. 1780–1830","authors":"Louis Henderson","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13354","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ehr.13354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The first country to industrialize – England – ostensibly did so without expanding investment in the basic education of its workforce. The empirical evidence underpinning this argument for England rests largely on signature rates at marriage. These are not a perfect indication of educational achievement, particularly as many children never learned to write. More problematically, I argue signatures are likely to have systematically underestimated human capital in industrial districts. In place of signature data, I propose age heaping, a measure widely understood as a proxy for numeracy but shown here to be closely related to both reading and writing abilities. In contrast to signatures, this measure suggests that ‘deskilling’ industrialization induced human capital accumulation. I argue that this occurred not because human capital was directly productive, but rather because schools provided a valuable signal. Sunday school attendance signalled low leisure-preference among child workers and were popularly attended in industrial districts. Further, such schools taught children to read but not write, which they considered inappropriate for the Sabbath, accounting for the discrepancy between these two measures of human capital.</p>","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"78 2","pages":"553-582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ehr.13354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Public Interest and State Legitimation: Early Modern England, Japan, and China. , Wenkai He, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. pp. 320. ISBN 9781009334556. Pbk. £25.99)","authors":"Jared Rubin","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"77 3","pages":"1116-1117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Soviet Union and the Construction of the Global Market: Energy and the Ascent of Finance in Cold War Europe 1964–1971. Oscar Sanchez-Sibony, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. pp. 290. 8 figs. ISBN 9781108834544 Hardback £85)","authors":"Helen Thompson","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13369","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"77 3","pages":"1120-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Wealth of a Nation: Institutional Foundations of English Capitalism. Geoffrey Hodgson, (Princeton University Press, 2023. pp. 304. ISBN: 9780691247014, Hbk £35)","authors":"Graham Brownlow","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"77 3","pages":"1112-1113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rise and Fall of the Italian Economy. Carlo Bastasin and Gianni Toniolo, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. pp. 211. 29 figs. 4 tabs. ISBN 9781009235310, Pbk. £22.99)","authors":"Anna Missiaia","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"77 3","pages":"1114-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Financial Markets of Roman Egypt: Risk and Return. Paul V. Kelly, (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2023. pp. vii + 221. 36 figs. 15 tabs. ISBN: 9781802078336, Hbk £76)","authors":"Gilles Bransbourg","doi":"10.1111/ehr.13368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47868,"journal":{"name":"Economic History Review","volume":"77 3","pages":"1118-1119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}