Transcultural Psychiatry最新文献_第4页

The fragility of truth: Social epistemology in a time of polarization and pandemic. 真理的脆弱性：两极分化和大流行时期的社会认识论。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Transcultural Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1177/13634615241299556

Laurence J Kirmayer

{"title":"The fragility of truth: Social epistemology in a time of polarization and pandemic.","authors":"Laurence J Kirmayer","doi":"10.1177/13634615241299556","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13634615241299556","url":null,"abstract":"This essay introduces a thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry presenting selected papers from the 2022 McGill Advanced Study Institute in Cultural Psychiatry on \"The Fragility of Truth: Social Epistemology in a Time of Polarization and Pandemic.\" The COVID-19 pandemic, political polarization, and the climate crisis have revealed that large segments of the population do not trust the best available knowledge and expertise in making vital decisions regarding their health, the governance of society, and the fate of the planet. What guides information-seeking, trust in authority, and decision-making in each of these domains? Articles in this issue include case studies of the dynamics of misinformation and disinformation; the adaptive functions and pathologies of belief, paranoia, and conspiracy theories; and strategies to foster and maintain diverse knowledge ecologies. Efforts to understand the psychological dynamics of pathological conviction have something useful to teach us about our vulnerability as knowers and believers. However, this individual psychological account needs to be supplemented with a broader social view of the politics of knowledge and epistemic authority that can inform efforts to create healthy information ecologies and strengthen the civic institutions and practices needed to provide well-informed pictures of the world as a basis for deliberative democracy, pluralism, and co-existence.","PeriodicalId":47864,"journal":{"name":"Transcultural Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"701-713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disputed expertise and chaotic disinformation: COVID-19 and denialist physicians in Brazil. 有争议的专业知识和混乱的虚假信息：COVID-19 和巴西的否认派医生。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Transcultural Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231213835

Kenneth Rochel de Camargo

{"title":"Disputed expertise and chaotic disinformation: COVID-19 and denialist physicians in Brazil.","authors":"Kenneth Rochel de Camargo","doi":"10.1177/13634615231213835","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13634615231213835","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to show how incorrect ideas about COVID-19 were promoted by physicians in Brazil, contributing to a catastrophic response at the cost of hundreds of thousands of lives, and to examine the implications of this episode for the social studies of science, technology and medicine. The literature on the relationship between science and society takes two broad approaches, which are sometimes at odds with each other: (i) there is a traditional critique of science that points to unsupported claims of certainty and thus undue interference in general human affairs; (ii) there are many examples of attempts to undermine reasonable scientific claims, when they clash with economic and/or political interests of certain groups. Navigating those extremes is particularly critical in situations in which accurate knowledge is necessary for intervening in people's lives, as is the case in health-related issues. Determining who has actual epistemic expertise is a key factor in solving this conundrum. This became painfully clear during the unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlighted the uncertainties of science in guiding decisions being made in real time, and provided opportunities for many forms of disinformation and conspiracy theories that hampered public health measures and promoted useless or even dangerous \"treatments\". This article discusses an instructive example of such developments in the chaotic response to the pandemic challenge in Brazil, which saw, among other unfortunate situations, physicians aligned with the denialist federal government advocating for unproven - or proven as ineffective - treatments and disseminating unfounded doubts about vaccines. Presumed expertise on the basis of professional training clearly did not translate into actual expertise in the necessary domains to ascertain the validity of such claims and scientific advice was overridden by ideology.","PeriodicalId":47864,"journal":{"name":"Transcultural Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"714-723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is it pathological to believe conspiracy theories? 相信阴谋论是病态的吗？

IF 2.5 3区医学

Transcultural Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231187243

Lisa Bortolotti

引用次数: 0

Trust, individualism, and the logics of care in middle America during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. 在COVID-19大流行的第一年，美国中部的信任、个人主义和护理逻辑。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Transcultural Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231213839

Emily Mendenhall

{"title":"Trust, individualism, and the logics of care in middle America during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Emily Mendenhall","doi":"10.1177/13634615231213839","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13634615231213839","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization and turf-wars have characterized the COVID-19 response in the United States. While COVID-19 narratives can be binary and divisive, how people cared for each other throughout the first year of the pandemic is more nuanced. This article describes how and why constructs of fear, individualism, wellbeing, and personal risk-taking became imbued in behaviors that thwarted the risk of the collective. This work is based on informal conversations, public forums, and 86 in-depth interviews during the 2020 summer in a small tourist town in northwest Iowa. Some believed engaging in public health prevention was not their responsibility and instead privileged their personal enjoyment, finances, or mental health over others, de-emphasizing personal risk and stating God will protect them. Others were deeply committed to public health prevention, by staying home, masking, and social distancing. In both cases, people used shame to promote their views (e.g., shame on you for masking/unmasking!) as well as fear (e.g., I do/don't fear coronavirus because I am virtuous). However, most engaged in logics of care, navigating what public health precautions to follow to protect themselves and those they loved most. Yet, such decisions were navigated through a culture of individualism and ideals of personal responsibility that cultivated a mistrust in public health. Understanding how and why such individualism took hold in American publics is a crucial inflection point for policy-making as well as cultural interpretation of why and how people construct risk and responsibility.","PeriodicalId":47864,"journal":{"name":"Transcultural Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"724-733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linking obsessions to morality: A cross-cultural study among Turkish and Belgian university students 将强迫症与道德联系起来：土耳其和比利时大学生的跨文化研究

IF 2.5 3区医学

Transcultural Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/13634615241277580

Fulya Ozcanli, Laurence Claes, Dirk Hermans, Batja Mesquita

{"title":"Linking obsessions to morality: A cross-cultural study among Turkish and Belgian university students","authors":"Fulya Ozcanli, Laurence Claes, Dirk Hermans, Batja Mesquita","doi":"10.1177/13634615241277580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615241277580","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the links between different types of morality and obsessions in university students from Leuven, Belgium ( N = 252) and İstanbul, Turkey ( N = 301) using validated scales for morality and obsessions. Belgium and Turkey were chosen as two exemplar cultural contexts expected, and in the current study found, to differ in the relative levels of individualizing and binding morality. We hypothesized that obsessions involving potential harm (e.g., aggressive obsessions) are cross-culturally associated with individualizing morals, and obsessions indicating impurity (e.g., contamination) are cross-culturally associated with binding morals. Moreover, we expected that cultural differences in the frequency of obsessions could be linked to differences in culturally prevalent moralities. As predicted, contamination obsessions were cross-culturally linked to binding morals. Also, the frequency of contamination obsessions was higher in the Turkish sample compared to the Belgian, which was predicted by higher levels of binding morals in Turkey. Doubts were cross-culturally endorsed at similar rates and were associated with individualizing morals. Aggressive obsessions were relatively more frequent in the Belgian compared to the Turkish sample, however—unexpectedly—these intrusions were not positively linked to either type of morality, neither in Belgium nor in Turkey. Taken together, these findings provide initial support for the role of morality in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), at least for certain types of obsessions (contamination and doubts), as well as suggest that some differences in the moral foundations may play a role in explaining the prevalence of certain obsessions (i.e., contamination).","PeriodicalId":47864,"journal":{"name":"Transcultural Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trauma, risk, and resilience: A qualitative study of mental health in post-conflict Liberia. 创伤、风险和复原力：冲突后利比里亚心理健康的定性研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Transcultural Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231191992

Manasi Sharma, Allison Backman, Oriana Vesga-Lopez, Lazaro Zayas, Benjamin Harris, David C Henderson, Karestan C Koenen, David R Williams, Christina P C Borba

{"title":"Trauma, risk, and resilience: A qualitative study of mental health in post-conflict Liberia.","authors":"Manasi Sharma, Allison Backman, Oriana Vesga-Lopez, Lazaro Zayas, Benjamin Harris, David C Henderson, Karestan C Koenen, David R Williams, Christina P C Borba","doi":"10.1177/13634615231191992","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13634615231191992","url":null,"abstract":"The Liberian civil wars led to widespread destruction and devastation for its individuals, communities, and economy. However, individuals' subjective trauma experiences and long-term psychological impact remain relatively understudied. This study aims to explore context-specific traumatic events and examine how risk and protective factors combine with traumas to influence trajectories of suffering and recovery over time. We conducted 43 semi-structured interviews with Liberian adults who were present during the Liberian civil wars, and we used line-by-line open coding, thematic analysis, and axial coding to analyze and contextualize the data. Eight key trauma themes emerged: Abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual), Captivity, Combat, Killings, Physical Illness, Resource Loss, Family Separation, and War Environment. The risk and protective factors that were reported as salient were: Age, Biological Sex, Socioeconomic Status, and Community Support. Further, key patterns emerged across interviews that indicated greater risk for long-term suffering: 1) exposure to multiple traumatic events, 2) certain types of traumatic events (like killing of a close family member), and 3) the combination of specific traumatic events and risk and protective factors (like older women witnessing the killing of their children). This study provides culturally relevant information on trauma, suffering, and resilience in post-conflict Liberia, with the aim of guiding the development of screening tools and targeted psychological interventions that improve well-being over time.","PeriodicalId":47864,"journal":{"name":"Transcultural Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"652-667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41134913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Value-driven attitude surveys: Lessons from the refugee crisis in Greece. 价值驱动的态度调查：希腊难民危机的教训。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Transcultural Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/13634615241245861

S Qadir, J Feruni, A Mastora, G Karampoutakis, M Tveit, S Nikopoulos, E Anitsi, S D Cleary, A R Dyer, P J Candilis

引用次数: 0

Investigating the acceptability of a culturally adapted acceptance and commitment therapy group for UK Vietnamese communities: A practice-based feasibility study. 调查英国越南社区对适应其文化的接受与承诺疗法小组的接受程度：基于实践的可行性研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Transcultural Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1177/13634615241228071

Aradhana Perry, Chelsea Gardener, Jack Shieh, Quang Tấn Hồ, Anh Doan, Kamaldeep Bhui

{"title":"Investigating the acceptability of a culturally adapted acceptance and commitment therapy group for UK Vietnamese communities: A practice-based feasibility study.","authors":"Aradhana Perry, Chelsea Gardener, Jack Shieh, Quang Tấn Hồ, Anh Doan, Kamaldeep Bhui","doi":"10.1177/13634615241228071","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13634615241228071","url":null,"abstract":"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported psychotherapy that offers promise for the mental health of minoritised ethnic populations. Given the diversity of those presenting to inner-city services and barriers to accessing appropriate mental healthcare, we sought to develop a culturally syntonic ACT intervention for UK Vietnamese refugee communities in a practice-based partnership project between a National Health Service and local third-sector service in East London. The aim was to explore the feasibility, acceptability and impact of the adapted intervention to inform culturally inclusive clinical practice and future research. We outline key aspects of Vietnamese belief systems and culture, and consider how these might influence the optimisation of group-based ACT. We then present a mixed-method evaluation of the seven-session adapted ACT group for 11 participants (9 male and 5 female, aged between 44 and 73 years). Individual-level change analyses indicated clinically significant improvements in psychological flexibility for the minority of participants and a mixed pattern for impact on well-being. A thematic analysis and descriptive approach examined acceptability, feasibility and narratives of impact. Participants reported positive feedback on group experience, relevance and usefulness, and emergent themes indicate that the group facilitated key acceptance, commitment and behaviour-change processes, promoted social connections and increased engagement in meaningful life activities in relation to new perspectives and values-based action. Limitations are outlined, but overall, findings suggest preliminary support for the potential beneficial effect of the adapted ACT group as a feasible, culturally acceptable therapeutic approach for UK Vietnamese communities that is worthy of further investigation.","PeriodicalId":47864,"journal":{"name":"Transcultural Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"626-651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What words can tell us about social determinants of mental health: A multi-method analysis of sentiment towards migration experiences and community life in Lima, Perú. 文字能告诉我们心理健康的社会决定因素：用多种方法分析秘鲁利马人对移民经历和社区生活的情感。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Transcultural Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231213837

Maria Caterina Gargano, Crystal Elizabeth DiBiase, Laura E Miller-Graff

{"title":"What words can tell us about social determinants of mental health: A multi-method analysis of sentiment towards migration experiences and community life in Lima, Perú.","authors":"Maria Caterina Gargano, Crystal Elizabeth DiBiase, Laura E Miller-Graff","doi":"10.1177/13634615231213837","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13634615231213837","url":null,"abstract":"To support resilience in contexts of migration, a deeper understanding of the experiences of both receiving communities and migrants is required. Research on the impacts of migration on community life is limited in contexts with high internal migration (i.e., migrating within one's country of origin). Evidence suggests that cultural similarity, community relationships, and access to resources may be protective factors that could be leveraged to support the mental health of internal migrants. The current study uses data drawn from a sample of pregnant Peruvian women (N = 251), 87 of whom reported being internal migrants and 164 of whom reported being from the locale of the study (Lima, Perú). The aim was to better understand the social experience of internal migration for both local and migrant women. Inductive thematic analysis was used to examine migration experience and perceived impact of migration on community life. Internal migrants discussed three themes relative to their experiences: motivations, adjustment, and challenges. Experiences of women in receiving communities consisted of four themes related to migration: positive, negative, neutral, and mixed perceptions. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC-22) software was also used to assess sentiment towards migration. Across both analytic methods, migration motivations and perceptions were multifaceted and migrants reported a wide range of challenges before, during, and after migration. Findings indicated that attitudes toward migration are broadly positive, and that there is a more positive appraisal of migration's impact on the community life for internal as opposed to international migration.","PeriodicalId":47864,"journal":{"name":"Transcultural Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"610-625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A qualitative study of mental health problems among children living in New Delhi slums. 关于新德里贫民窟儿童心理健康问题的定性研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Transcultural Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231202098

Prerna Martin, Emily E Haroz, Catherine Lee, Paul Bolton, Kiran Martin, Rosemary Meza, Elizabeth McCarthy, Shannon Dorsey

{"title":"A qualitative study of mental health problems among children living in New Delhi slums.","authors":"Prerna Martin, Emily E Haroz, Catherine Lee, Paul Bolton, Kiran Martin, Rosemary Meza, Elizabeth McCarthy, Shannon Dorsey","doi":"10.1177/13634615231202098","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13634615231202098","url":null,"abstract":"Children living in urban slums in India are exposed to chronic stressors that increase their risk of developing mental disorders, but they remain a neglected group. Effective mental health interventions are needed; however, it is necessary to understand how mental health symptoms and needs are perceived and prioritized locally to tailor interventions for this population. We used an existing rapid ethnographic assessment approach to identify mental health problems from the perspective of children living in Indian slums, including local descriptions, perceived causes, impact, and coping behavior. Local Hindi-speaking interviewers conducted 77 free-list interviews and 33 key informant interviews with children and adults (N = 107) from two slums in New Delhi. Results identified a range of internalizing and externalizing symptoms consistent with depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in children. Findings included both common cross-cultural experiences and symptoms as well as uniquely described symptoms (e.g., \"madness or anger,\" \"pain in the heart and mind\") not typically included on western standardized measures of psychopathology. Mental health problems appeared to be highly interconnected, with experiences such as harassment and fighting often described as both causes and impacts of mental health symptoms in children. Community perspectives indicated that even in the face of several unmet basic needs, mental health problems were important to the community and counseling interventions were likely to be acceptable. We discuss implications for adapting mental health interventions and assessing their effectiveness to reduce the burden of mental illness among children living in urban slums in India.","PeriodicalId":47864,"journal":{"name":"Transcultural Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"533-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0