Evolutionary Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Not just in the past: Racist and sexist biases still permeate biology, anthropology, medicine, and education","authors":"Rui Diogo,&nbsp;Adeyemi Adesomo,&nbsp;Kimberly S. Farmer,&nbsp;Rachel J. Kim,&nbsp;Fatimah Jackson","doi":"10.1002/evan.21978","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21978","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the past decades, it has been increasingly recognized that some areas of science, such as anthropology, have been plagued by racist, Western-centric, and/or sexist biases. Unfortunately, an acculturation process to racism and sexism has been occurring for generations leading to systemic inequities that will take a long time to disappear. Here, we highlight the existence of current examples of racism, Western-centrism and sexism within: (1) the most popular anatomical atlases used in biological, anthropological and medical education; (2) prominent natural history museums and World Heritage Sites; (3) biological and anthropological scientific research publications; and (4) popular culture and influential children's books and educational materials concerning human biology and evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 2","pages":"67-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9292739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twelfth annual meeting of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution","authors":"Julia Zastrow,&nbsp;Simona Affinito,&nbsp;Gregor D. Bader,&nbsp;Susan M. Mentzer","doi":"10.1002/evan.21973","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21973","url":null,"abstract":"After an unintentional 2‐year hiatus, the annual conference of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution (ESHE) finally took place again in person. Hosted by the University of Tübingen (Germany), the conference was held at the Neue Aula, an historic building of the University, from the September 22 to 24, 2022. A total of 35 podium presentations, 33 Pecha Kucha presentations, and 120 posters covering a variety of interdisciplinary research topics were presented to over 200 registered attendees. Both the Podium and Pecha Kucha presentations were streamed to remote members online. Before the official start of the meeting, the research center, “The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans” (ROCEEH) sponsored an introductory workshop to introduce the ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD). As in previous years, ESHE was able to support several student travel grants and provided childcare for the duration of the conference.","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 2","pages":"64-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9291523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sensitive and open-mind genetic perspective on the origin and history of Native Americans Jennifer, Raff Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas(2022) New York, USA: Twelve, Hachette Book Group. ISBN 978-1-53874-971-5, $30.00. Hardcover.","authors":"Lumila Paula Menéndez","doi":"10.1002/evan.21975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 2","pages":"118-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The eighth annual Northeastern Evolutionary Primatologists (NEEP) meeting","authors":"Thomas C. Wilson","doi":"10.1002/evan.21974","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21974","url":null,"abstract":"The eighth annual Northeastern Evolutionary Primatologists (NEEP) meeting was hosted by The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo) from November 4th to November 5th, 2022. Upholding NEEP's philosophy of supporting young scholars, most of the research presented came from undergraduate and graduate students, as well as early career scientists. To kick off the conference, Stephanie Poindexter (SUNY Buffalo) introduced this year's keynote speaker, Dr. Kate McGrath (SUNY Oneonta). McGrath's talk, “What can teeth and bones tell us about stress? 3D studies of our fossil ancestors and primate relatives” was centered around McGrath's dissertation work and her current research on how stress events can be detected within teeth (and other hard tissues). The first half of her talk focused on how early stress events can affect canines, but more importantly how the presence of a linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) can be indicative of a wide variety of stressors such as infections, malnutrition, weaning, psychosocial stress, and so on. To better understand this issue within primates, McGrath investigated LEHs in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei). Her results revealed that when compared to the other great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) mountain gorillas not only exhibit faster growth rates in their teeth, but also exhibit shallower LEH defects and angles in enamel. McGrath argued that these findings suggest that enamel growth variation influences enamel defect depth, but stress severity may better explain outliers. McGrath further proposed that this may be evidence to support the idea that Neanderthal teeth grew faster than modern anatomical humans because Neanderthal teeth exhibit shallower defects and angles. The second part of McGrath's talk focused on facial asymmetry and if it is a good indicator of early life stress. To better understand this potential correlation, McGrath yet again used mountain gorillas as her research species. She proposed that facial asymmetry seems to be heavily influenced by inbreeding and less so diet‐related effects, highlighting that all gorilla subspecies have become more asymmetrical over time. Moving forward, McGrath is interested in testing these theories in other fossil ancestors and hopes to collaborate with geneticists to further our understanding of the relationship between bone and early‐life stress events. 2 | PODIUM SESSIONS","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 1","pages":"7-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9281737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Australopithecus assemblage from Sterkfontein Member 4 (South Africa) and the concept of variation in palaeontology","authors":"Amélie Beaudet","doi":"10.1002/evan.21972","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21972","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interpreting morphological variation within the early hominin fossil record is particularly challenging. Apart from the fact that there is no absolute threshold for defining species boundaries in palaeontology, the degree of variation related to sexual dimorphism, temporal depth, geographic variation or ontogeny is difficult to appreciate in a fossil taxon mainly represented by fragmentary specimens, and such variation could easily be conflated with taxonomic diversity. One of the most emblematic examples in paleoanthropology is the <i>Australopithecus</i> assemblage from the Sterkfontein Caves in South Africa. Whereas some studies support the presence of multiple <i>Australopithecus</i> species at Sterkfontein, others explore alternative hypotheses to explain the morphological variation within the hominin assemblage. In this review, I briefly summarize the ongoing debates surrounding the interpretation of morphological variation at Sterkfontein Member 4 before exploring two promising avenues that would deserve specific attention in the future, that is, temporal depth and nonhuman primate diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 3","pages":"154-168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/evan.21972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9657352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sensory ecology of primate food perception, revisited","authors":"Carrie C. Veilleux,&nbsp;Nathaniel J. Dominy,&nbsp;Amanda D. Melin","doi":"10.1002/evan.21967","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21967","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Twenty years ago, Dominy and colleagues published “The sensory ecology of primate food perception,” an impactful review that brought new perspectives to understanding primate foraging adaptations. Their review synthesized information on primate senses and explored how senses informed feeding behavior. Research on primate sensory ecology has seen explosive growth in the last two decades. Here, we revisit this important topic, focusing on the numerous new discoveries and lines of innovative research. We begin by reviewing each of the five traditionally recognized senses involved in foraging: audition, olfaction, vision, touch, and taste. For each sense, we provide an overview of sensory function and comparative ecology, comment on the state of knowledge at the time of the original review, and highlight advancements and lingering gaps in knowledge. Next, we provide an outline for creative, multidisciplinary, and innovative future research programs that we anticipate will generate exciting new discoveries in the next two decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"31 6","pages":"281-301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10782658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kamoya Kimeu (c.1939–2022): Fossil finder and field-worker extraordinaire","authors":"Bernard Wood","doi":"10.1002/evan.21969","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21969","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10786254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Judith Masters 1955–2022 and Fabien Génin 1971–2022","authors":"Massimiliano Delpero,&nbsp;Ian Tattersall","doi":"10.1002/evan.21968","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21968","url":null,"abstract":"In early October 2022 Judith Masters, together with her partner and close collaborator Fabien Génin, died during a robbery of their home in South Africa's Eastern Cape, at the tragically early ages of 67 and 51. This awful random event deprived evolutionary primatology both of a mid‐career researcher reaching the top of his game, and of an established and perennially challenging intellectual presence it was lucky to have and could ill afford to lose. Judith Masters was born in 1955 in the provincial South African port city of East London. She began her academic studies at Natal University in nearby Durban, but rapidly switched to Johannesburg's Witwatersrand University (“Wits”) where she was influenced by the iconoclastic Hugh Patterson, originator of the then‐radical “Recognition Concept” of species. She rapidly gravitated toward the evolutionary and systematic rethinking that was in full ferment at the time, and energetically began applying the new perspective to the nocturnal bushbabies that are widely distributed across the African continent. In rapidly becoming South Africa's premier expert on these strepsirhine primates, she opened the door for them to be viewed not as marginalized relicts of the past, but as a thriving and diversifying division of the primate order: an achievement in which she took great satisfaction. When she began, the bushbabies were thought to comprise five species, crammed into the single genus Galago; now, some 19 bushbaby species are recognized, spread across six genera, one of which (Paragalago) Judith herself named, in collaboration with colleagues. During the early days, when an impressive stream of practical taxonomic contributions, regularly interspersed with provocative reconsiderations of theory, might have been expected to lead to rapid professional advancement, Judith also courageously spoke out against apartheid. Her very first publications, in 1986 issues of New Scientist and Nature, were titled, “How can scientists help to end apartheid?” and “New idea on South Africa,” and after‐ hours she taught hugely popular unofficial biology classes in the crowded townships. Unsurprisingly, such activities did nothing to endear her to the powers that were. She found herself consigned to a dingy Wits basement lab, in which she and her shortly‐to‐be‐ deported English then‐husband routinely found themselves showered with soot blown in from the crematorium next door. It was not until 1998, after she had served a hugely formative 2‐ year postdoc at Harvard with Richard Lewontin, that she was appointed Assistant Director at Pietermaritzburg's Natal Museum. In 2006, she moved to a Professorship of Zoology at the University of Fort Hare in the Eastern Cape, where she established the very active research group known as the African Primate Initiative for Ecology and Speciation (APIES). While there she also cofounded the Primate Ecology and Genetics Group and the multidisciplinary think‐tank known as Africa Earth Observation ","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 1","pages":"2-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocultural perspectives of infectious diseases and demographic evolution: Tuberculosis and its comorbidities through history","authors":"Taylor P. van Doren","doi":"10.1002/evan.21970","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21970","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthropologists recognize the importance of conceptualizing health in the context of the mutually evolving nature of biology and culture through the biocultural approach, but biocultural anthropological perspectives of infectious diseases and their impacts on humans (and vice versa) through time are relatively underrepresented. Tuberculosis (TB) has been a constant companion of humans for thousands of years and has heavily influenced population health in almost every phase of cultural and demographic evolution. TB in human populations has been dramatically influenced by behavior, demographic and epidemiological shifts, and other comorbidities through history. This paper critically discusses TB and some of its major comorbidities through history within a biocultural framework to show how transitions in human demography and culture affected the disease-scape of TB. In doing so, I address the potential synthesis of biocultural and epidemiological transition theory to better comprehend the mutual evolution of infectious diseases and humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 2","pages":"100-117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9645189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hominins likely occupied northern Europe before one million years ago","authors":"Alastair Key,&nbsp;Nick Ashton","doi":"10.1002/evan.21966","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21966","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our understanding of when hominins first reached northern Europe is dependent on a fragmented archaeological and fossil record known from as early as marine isotope stage (MIS) 21 or 25 (c. 840 or 950 thousand years ago [Ka]). This contrasts sharply with southern Europe, where hominin occupation is evidenced from MIS 37 to 45 (c. 1.22 or 1.39 million years ago [Ma]). Northern Europe, however, exhibits climatic, geological, demographic, and historical disadvantages when it comes to preserving fossil and archaeological evidence of early hominin habitation. It is argued here that perceived differences in first occupation timings between the two European regions needs to be revised in light of these factors. To enhance this understanding, optimal linear estimation models are run using data from the current fossil and artefact record. Results suggest northern Europe to have first been occupied as early as 1.16 Ma, or as late as 913 Ka. These timings could represent minimum date expectations and be extended through future archaeological and fossil discoveries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 1","pages":"10-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10718505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}