Evolutionary Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Benchmarking methods and data for the whole-outline geometric morphometric analysis of lithic tools","authors":"Renata P. Araujo, Felix Riede, Mercedes Okumura, Astolfo G. M. Araujo, Alice Leplongeon, Colin Wren, José R. Rabuñal, Marcelo Cardillo, María B. Cruz, David N. Matzig","doi":"10.1002/evan.21981","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21981","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Originally developed for the quantitative analysis of organismal shapes, both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D geometric morphometric methods (GMMs) have recently gained some prominence in archaeology for the analysis of stone tools<span><sup>1-3</sup></span>—unquestionably the primary deep-time data source for the earliest periods of human cultural evolution.<span><sup>4</sup></span> The key strength of GMM rests in its ability to statistically quantify and hence qualify complex shapes, which in turn can be used to infer social interaction,<span><sup>5</sup></span> function,<span><sup>6, 7</sup></span> reduction,<span><sup>8</sup></span> as well as to assess classification systems and cultural relatedness.<span><sup>9-11</sup></span></p><p>The methodological diversification that has accompanied the rise in popularity of this particular suite of methods has, however, also resulted in an increasing lack of comparability and interoperability, which—ironically—works against the promise of GMM to provide a tool for comparing artifact shapes that is not sensitive to interanalyst variation. Standardized protocols, vetted datasets, as well as case-transferable and fully reproducible methods do not currently exist, hampering the full utility of geometric morphometrics as an approach to comparatively understand human behavior as reflected in these lithic proxies. Additionally, the emerging issue of methodological diversity in the geometric morphometric analysis of stone tools is further compounded by issues related to landmark selection. When applied to organisms, landmark selection is guided by <i>a priori</i> knowledge about ontogeny, homology, and function. For stone tools, however, only very few such evident landmarks suggest themselves.<span><sup>2</sup></span> Instead, many studies have used landmarks selected specifically to highlight particular design features of a given tool class (e.g., stemmed points or leaf points). These cannot, however, be easily compared across tool classes. Other studies have used sets of equidistant landmarks measured perpendicularly from a given tool's longest axis to its margins to describe overall shape.</p><p>In this context, whole-outline geometric morphometrics offers an alternative approach that circumvents landmark selection by describing the entire outline of the recorded artifact. It is computationally tractable, readily replicable, and well-suited for 2D object representations such as drawings and photographs, many of which exist in excavation reports, catalogs, finds registers and the published literature at large. Furthermore, emerging approaches in paleobiology now allow such continuous shape data to be used in phylogenetic applications, opening up the possibility of effectively combining stone tool geometric morphometrics with cultural phylogenetics in one workflow.</p><p>From 26 to 30 September 2022, the authors convened for a workshop with the title “Cultural evolutionary tools for stone tool shape analysis","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 3","pages":"124-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/evan.21981","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9605513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primatology at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Integrative & Comparative Biology","authors":"Chris Claypool","doi":"10.1002/evan.21983","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21983","url":null,"abstract":"Alexandra Kralich (U. Pennsylvania) investigated whether body size in orangutans is binary or a spectrum by comparing the body size of unflanged males to flanged males and females. Orangutans are considered highly sexually dimorphic; adult males are twice as large as females and exhibit bimaturism (or a plastic polymorphism) in which some but not all adult males develop cheek pads known as face flanges, along with a laryngeal throat pouch used for mate calling. Historically, the unflanged condition in males was considered a temporary phase of subadult development but study of wild individuals revealed that males can remain unflanged for life. The proximal hormonal mechanism for flanging is unknown, and we have only recently started to learn about body size and behavioral differences between adolescent, unflanged, and flanged males. Using stature and mass to assess for size, Kralich examined 96 skeletons from wild individuals at 12 museums (looking at associated skins when available) and used the skin, dentition, and long bone fusion to determine age. Kralich found that the size of unflanged males falls between flanged males and females (with younger ages being closer to the female range) and that femur lengths of unflanged males overlapped with or exceeded those of flanged males. Kralick proposes that the larger femur sizes in unflanged males is due to a longer developmental growth period. These data show that while flanged males are generally larger, biological sex is a range or a spectrum, even in a species considered highly sexually dimorphic. Because some males go through both states, we may need to rethink sexual selection, which suggests that unflanged males are less desirable to females. Rather, the unflanged males are successful with previously unmated females and in times of rank instability, and one study found that more than half of offspring at the field site were fathered by unflanged males. Thus, there may be a disconnect between social status and mating success, and developing flanges may even have the disadvantage of the flanges eventually becoming shriveled, which marks the individual as a “past‐prime” male. Kralick argues that “sexual dimorphism” is not an appropriate term to describe the variation observed in orangutans and so new terminology is needed. Further, we should avoid projecting gendered thinking onto nonhuman primates because our expectations may limit our understanding of natural variation. Brett Frye (Emory and Henry College) studies the effects of environmental factors on health outcomes and investigated the impacts of litter size on the health of captive and free‐range callitrichine (i.e., marmosets, tamarins) primates. Gestation and infancy are critical periods of development and environmental influences can shape physiology and behavior over the entire life course. Most primates have only one offspring at a time, but callitrichines routinely have litter sizes up to six, with twins being the most common. Sibling","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 3","pages":"128-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9597746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human consumption of large herbivore digesta and its implications for foraging theory","authors":"Raven Garvey","doi":"10.1002/evan.21979","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21979","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vegetal matter undergoing digestion in herbivores' stomachs and intestines, <i>digesta</i>, can be an important source of dietary carbohydrates for human foragers. Digesta significantly increases large herbivores' total caloric yield and broadens their nutritional profile to include three key macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrates) in amounts sufficient to sustain small foraging groups for multiple days without supplementation. Ethnographic reports of routine digesta consumption are limited to high latitudes, but the practice may have had a wider distribution prehistorically. Including this underappreciated resource in our foraging hypotheses and models can substantively change their predictions. Assessing the explanatory power of kilocalorie-centered models relative to ones that attend to humans' other nutritional requirements can help us better address major questions in evolutionary anthropology. This paper explores the foraging implications of digesta in two contexts—sex-divided subsistence labor and archaeologically observed increases in plant use and sedentism—using estimates of available protein and carbohydrates in the native tissues and digesta, respectively, of a large ruminant herbivore (<i>Bison bison</i>).</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 3","pages":"135-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9608850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not just in the past: Racist and sexist biases still permeate biology, anthropology, medicine, and education","authors":"Rui Diogo,&nbsp;Adeyemi Adesomo,&nbsp;Kimberly S. Farmer,&nbsp;Rachel J. Kim,&nbsp;Fatimah Jackson","doi":"10.1002/evan.21978","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21978","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the past decades, it has been increasingly recognized that some areas of science, such as anthropology, have been plagued by racist, Western-centric, and/or sexist biases. Unfortunately, an acculturation process to racism and sexism has been occurring for generations leading to systemic inequities that will take a long time to disappear. Here, we highlight the existence of current examples of racism, Western-centrism and sexism within: (1) the most popular anatomical atlases used in biological, anthropological and medical education; (2) prominent natural history museums and World Heritage Sites; (3) biological and anthropological scientific research publications; and (4) popular culture and influential children's books and educational materials concerning human biology and evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 2","pages":"67-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9292739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twelfth annual meeting of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution","authors":"Julia Zastrow,&nbsp;Simona Affinito,&nbsp;Gregor D. Bader,&nbsp;Susan M. Mentzer","doi":"10.1002/evan.21973","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21973","url":null,"abstract":"After an unintentional 2‐year hiatus, the annual conference of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution (ESHE) finally took place again in person. Hosted by the University of Tübingen (Germany), the conference was held at the Neue Aula, an historic building of the University, from the September 22 to 24, 2022. A total of 35 podium presentations, 33 Pecha Kucha presentations, and 120 posters covering a variety of interdisciplinary research topics were presented to over 200 registered attendees. Both the Podium and Pecha Kucha presentations were streamed to remote members online. Before the official start of the meeting, the research center, “The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans” (ROCEEH) sponsored an introductory workshop to introduce the ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD). As in previous years, ESHE was able to support several student travel grants and provided childcare for the duration of the conference.","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 2","pages":"64-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9291523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sensitive and open-mind genetic perspective on the origin and history of Native Americans Jennifer, Raff Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas(2022) New York, USA: Twelve, Hachette Book Group. ISBN 978-1-53874-971-5, $30.00. Hardcover.","authors":"Lumila Paula Menéndez","doi":"10.1002/evan.21975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 2","pages":"118-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The eighth annual Northeastern Evolutionary Primatologists (NEEP) meeting","authors":"Thomas C. Wilson","doi":"10.1002/evan.21974","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21974","url":null,"abstract":"The eighth annual Northeastern Evolutionary Primatologists (NEEP) meeting was hosted by The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo) from November 4th to November 5th, 2022. Upholding NEEP's philosophy of supporting young scholars, most of the research presented came from undergraduate and graduate students, as well as early career scientists. To kick off the conference, Stephanie Poindexter (SUNY Buffalo) introduced this year's keynote speaker, Dr. Kate McGrath (SUNY Oneonta). McGrath's talk, “What can teeth and bones tell us about stress? 3D studies of our fossil ancestors and primate relatives” was centered around McGrath's dissertation work and her current research on how stress events can be detected within teeth (and other hard tissues). The first half of her talk focused on how early stress events can affect canines, but more importantly how the presence of a linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) can be indicative of a wide variety of stressors such as infections, malnutrition, weaning, psychosocial stress, and so on. To better understand this issue within primates, McGrath investigated LEHs in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei). Her results revealed that when compared to the other great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) mountain gorillas not only exhibit faster growth rates in their teeth, but also exhibit shallower LEH defects and angles in enamel. McGrath argued that these findings suggest that enamel growth variation influences enamel defect depth, but stress severity may better explain outliers. McGrath further proposed that this may be evidence to support the idea that Neanderthal teeth grew faster than modern anatomical humans because Neanderthal teeth exhibit shallower defects and angles. The second part of McGrath's talk focused on facial asymmetry and if it is a good indicator of early life stress. To better understand this potential correlation, McGrath yet again used mountain gorillas as her research species. She proposed that facial asymmetry seems to be heavily influenced by inbreeding and less so diet‐related effects, highlighting that all gorilla subspecies have become more asymmetrical over time. Moving forward, McGrath is interested in testing these theories in other fossil ancestors and hopes to collaborate with geneticists to further our understanding of the relationship between bone and early‐life stress events. 2 | PODIUM SESSIONS","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 1","pages":"7-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9281737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Australopithecus assemblage from Sterkfontein Member 4 (South Africa) and the concept of variation in palaeontology","authors":"Amélie Beaudet","doi":"10.1002/evan.21972","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21972","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interpreting morphological variation within the early hominin fossil record is particularly challenging. Apart from the fact that there is no absolute threshold for defining species boundaries in palaeontology, the degree of variation related to sexual dimorphism, temporal depth, geographic variation or ontogeny is difficult to appreciate in a fossil taxon mainly represented by fragmentary specimens, and such variation could easily be conflated with taxonomic diversity. One of the most emblematic examples in paleoanthropology is the <i>Australopithecus</i> assemblage from the Sterkfontein Caves in South Africa. Whereas some studies support the presence of multiple <i>Australopithecus</i> species at Sterkfontein, others explore alternative hypotheses to explain the morphological variation within the hominin assemblage. In this review, I briefly summarize the ongoing debates surrounding the interpretation of morphological variation at Sterkfontein Member 4 before exploring two promising avenues that would deserve specific attention in the future, that is, temporal depth and nonhuman primate diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 3","pages":"154-168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/evan.21972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9657352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sensory ecology of primate food perception, revisited","authors":"Carrie C. Veilleux,&nbsp;Nathaniel J. Dominy,&nbsp;Amanda D. Melin","doi":"10.1002/evan.21967","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21967","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Twenty years ago, Dominy and colleagues published “The sensory ecology of primate food perception,” an impactful review that brought new perspectives to understanding primate foraging adaptations. Their review synthesized information on primate senses and explored how senses informed feeding behavior. Research on primate sensory ecology has seen explosive growth in the last two decades. Here, we revisit this important topic, focusing on the numerous new discoveries and lines of innovative research. We begin by reviewing each of the five traditionally recognized senses involved in foraging: audition, olfaction, vision, touch, and taste. For each sense, we provide an overview of sensory function and comparative ecology, comment on the state of knowledge at the time of the original review, and highlight advancements and lingering gaps in knowledge. Next, we provide an outline for creative, multidisciplinary, and innovative future research programs that we anticipate will generate exciting new discoveries in the next two decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"31 6","pages":"281-301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10782658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kamoya Kimeu (c.1939–2022): Fossil finder and field-worker extraordinaire","authors":"Bernard Wood","doi":"10.1002/evan.21969","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.21969","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"32 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10786254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}