{"title":"The Origins of Fashion","authors":"Francesco d'Errico, Solange Rigaud","doi":"10.1002/evan.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper reconceptualizes fashion as a deep-time system of bodily communication rather than a byproduct of modern consumer societies. We define fashion as a socially transmitted system of bodily display in which patterned variation occurs within shared conventions of appearance. Archaeologically, fashion becomes identifiable when recurring forms of body modification and ornamentation coexist with socially meaningful differences in their selection, combination, and arrangement. From this perspective, fashion emerged through the long-term culturalization of the human body, whereby appearance became an increasingly important medium for communicating identity, affiliation, status, and social relationships. Archaeological evidence suggests that this process began at least 400,000 years ago with pigment use, intensified with the emergence of personal ornaments, and developed into regionally differentiated systems of bodily display during the Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages. Drawing on archaeological, anthropological, and cognitive approaches, we interpret this trajectory as a cultural evolutionary process involving the generation of novel forms of bodily variation, their transmission through socially learned conventions, and their persistence, transformation, or disappearance under changing social and economic conditions. We argue that fashion functioned as an externalized social memory system that reduced cognitive demands by embedding social information in material form. In this sense, fashion emerged as a cultural technology that made social information increasingly visible, interpretable, and transmissible through bodily display.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/evan.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silence as an Overlooked Catalyzer for Primate Vocal Evolution","authors":"Adriano R. Lameira","doi":"10.1002/evan.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Language is inherently relational, prompting comparative studies to prioritize social, gregarious, and voluble primates as evolutionary models. By prevailing theory, solitary and dispersed primates ought to be silent or communicatively impoverished, but this is often presumed, not empirically verified, with these species' capacities seldom being brought to bear on evolutionary theories based on social drivers. This skewed sampling could mask other valuable but hitherto disregarded sources of information and inference obfuscated by the spotlights of the social stage. Orangutans—the only hominids living without permanent social groups—are also the only nonhuman primate known to share with humans two hallmark features of language: displaced vocal reference (where mothers delay alarm calls to teach offspring about past predator encounters) and vocal hierarchies (with vocal motifs nested in self-similar motifs). The description of such traits in the most private and reserved great ape highlights a hidden precondition for vocal evolution: extended and elaborated vocal patterns and functions, which epitomize vocal sophistication, are time-sensitive and require attentive listening without interruption for correct processing. The functional benefits of elaborate and complex sound combinations partly depend on receivers being capable of vocal suppression and impulse control in response to others. Conversely, species with frequent, rapid and reactive social chatter incur “town square taxes” that interrupt and constrain, rather than promote, vocal elaboration and complex patterning. Silence remains a critical but undertheorized resource for fostering communicative and cognitive sophistication, helping reframe the (a)social prerequisites for primate vocal evolution and the emergence of language amongst ancestral hominids.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/evan.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, Boris Cheval, Markus Gerber, Irene Crespo, Hugo Olmedillas
{"title":"Why Do Humans Exercise? A Neuro-Evolutionary Framework for Discretionary Physical Effort","authors":"Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, Boris Cheval, Markus Gerber, Irene Crespo, Hugo Olmedillas","doi":"10.1002/evan.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hominin evolution made physical activity obligatory for survival. Modern environments decoupled effort from ecological returns, generating an evolutionary mismatch that favors energy conservation over voluntary movement. This review distinguishes between subsistence-based physical activity, the ancestral condition directly coupled to survival, and discretionary exercise, a voluntary behavior performed in the absence of immediate metabolic necessity. It delineates a neuro-evolutionary framework characterizing discretionary exercise as the functional repurposing of neural systems originally shaped for subsistence, operating through evolutionarily conserved effort-reward valuation circuitry that computes context-dependent cost-benefit trade-offs. Three complementary evolutionary pathways mediate this process: homeostatic compensation, where exercise reinstates ancestral physiological maintenance signals; costly signaling, where exercise functions as an honest phenotypic display of quality; and reward recoding, where human mesocorticolimbic circuitry attributes abstract significance and reward to physical exertion. These mechanisms explain how neurobiological exaptation and cultural mediation enable sustained voluntary effort in contemporary populations despite the absence of ecological necessity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/evan.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, Boris Cheval, Markus Gerber, Irene Crespo, Hugo Olmedillas
{"title":"Why Do Humans Exercise? A Neuro-Evolutionary Framework for Discretionary Physical Effort","authors":"Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, Boris Cheval, Markus Gerber, Irene Crespo, Hugo Olmedillas","doi":"10.1002/evan.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hominin evolution made physical activity obligatory for survival. Modern environments decoupled effort from ecological returns, generating an evolutionary mismatch that favors energy conservation over voluntary movement. This review distinguishes between subsistence-based physical activity, the ancestral condition directly coupled to survival, and discretionary exercise, a voluntary behavior performed in the absence of immediate metabolic necessity. It delineates a neuro-evolutionary framework characterizing discretionary exercise as the functional repurposing of neural systems originally shaped for subsistence, operating through evolutionarily conserved effort-reward valuation circuitry that computes context-dependent cost-benefit trade-offs. Three complementary evolutionary pathways mediate this process: homeostatic compensation, where exercise reinstates ancestral physiological maintenance signals; costly signaling, where exercise functions as an honest phenotypic display of quality; and reward recoding, where human mesocorticolimbic circuitry attributes abstract significance and reward to physical exertion. These mechanisms explain how neurobiological exaptation and cultural mediation enable sustained voluntary effort in contemporary populations despite the absence of ecological necessity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/evan.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opaque Social Instruments: A Cultural Evolutionary Approach to Pleistocene Symbolic Artifacts","authors":"Corijn van Mazijk","doi":"10.1002/evan.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prehistoric “symbolic” artifacts remain incompletely explained by semiotic models, which emphasize representational meaning but offer limited insight into how such materials emerged and spread across Pleistocene populations. This article develops a cultural evolutionary framework that reconceives early ornaments, pigments, figurines, and related materials as opaque social instruments (OSIs): culturally transmitted, socially functional traits whose coordinating effects typically exceed users' explicit understanding of their roles. A heuristic distinction is introduced between participation-embedded OSIs, whose efficacy derives from embodied participation in shared, interactionally dense practices, and frame-embedded OSIs, whose efficacy depends more heavily on publicly stabilized interpretive frames and role structures that extend across contexts and generations. Because these modes operate under different transmission environments and selective pressures, they are expected to generate distinct patterns of reproduction, contextual embedding, and archeological visibility. Reframing prehistoric “symbolic” materials as OSIs shifts explanatory focus from encoded meaning to social coordination, functional opacity, and transmission dynamics, offering a mechanistic account of how materially mediated practices became reproducible components of Pleistocene social systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/evan.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148297018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Agey, Daniel Conroy-Beam, David W. Lawson
{"title":"The Role and Consequences of Arranged Marriage in the Evolution of Human Mating","authors":"Elizabeth Agey, Daniel Conroy-Beam, David W. Lawson","doi":"10.1002/evan.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mate selection has important fitness implications and thus has been a prominent focus across the evolutionary social sciences. However, despite ample evidence that human mate selection is uniquely shaped by others, existing research allocates outsized attention to individual preferences. Here, we take stock of the implications of arranged marriage, highlighting measurement issues that obscure continua of parental influence and likely drive inconsistency in the downstream literature. Focusing on parent–offspring conflict over spouse selection, we find (i) culturally widespread evidence of conflicting preferences, but limited evidence that conflict impacts realized spouse selection, (ii) parental approval predicts marriage outcomes more so than parental control, and (iii) that key predictions about socioecological variation in the form and consequences of conflict remain largely untested. We conclude that a more satisfying account of human mating will require refined measurement of its social embeddedness, greater focus on conflict negotiation, and continued cross-cultural research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing the Energetics of Gestation and Growth Hypothesis for Human Secondary Altriciality","authors":"Cédric Cordey, Nicole M. Webb, Martin Haeusler","doi":"10.1002/evan.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pronounced neurological immaturity, yet increased birthweight of human neonates relative to other primates, known as secondary altriciality, is traditionally attributed to obstetric constraints arising from pelvic adaptations for bipedal locomotion and childbirth—the so-called obstetrical dilemma. The Energetics of Gestation and Growth (EGG) hypothesis instead attributes it to a constrained maternal metabolism. We tested the assumptions of the EGG hypothesis with hypothetical maternofetal dyads using empirical data on maternal metabolic scope and fetal growth. Our results revealed no consistent relationship between fetal and maternal patterns with birth timing. Moreover, there is no evidence that cortisol, the presumed proximate birth mechanism under the EGG hypothesis, is involved in birth timing in humans, thus questioning that metabolic limitations can serve as its trigger. Finally, we propose that secondary altriciality does not result from simple shifts in birth timing but from heterochronic growth patterns related to obstetric constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/evan.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Lomas, Lamprini Psychogiou, Christine Caldwell, Francesca Happé, Alex Thornton
{"title":"The Cognitive Foundations of Teaching","authors":"Matthew Lomas, Lamprini Psychogiou, Christine Caldwell, Francesca Happé, Alex Thornton","doi":"10.1002/evan.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/evan.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The propensity to teach is vital to human cultural evolution and to our ecological dominance of the planet, but its cognitive foundations remain poorly understood. Traditional explanations argue that teaching hinges on particular cognitive pre-requisites, such as Theory of Mind. However, such explanations conflate the function of teaching—promoting learning in others—with how it is achieved, and overlook the role of comparatively simple mechanisms like the heuristics known to underpin teaching in some non-human animals. We propose a novel framework integrating evolutionary and psychological perspectives to understand the diversity of teaching by focusing on the cognitive requirements for flexibility and sensitivity to pupil needs. Synthesizing theory and evidence across disciplines, our framework evaluates the contributions of different mechanisms in determining who and what is taught, and how teaching is achieved. This allows us to understand the cognitive foundations of teaching across different species, in diverse human societies, and neurodiverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/evan.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}