Journal of Transport & Health最新文献

{"title":"Who is returning to normal ridership? A socio-demographic study on pre- and post-covid-19 public transit ridership in San Francisco","authors":"Boniphace Kutela ,&nbsp;Hellen Shita ,&nbsp;Norris Novat ,&nbsp;Mark Ngotonie ,&nbsp;Abdallah Kinero ,&nbsp;Neema Langa","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the transportation sector. Public transit around the cities was among the modes of transport that were severely affected by the pandemic. In this post-COVID era, various studies have evaluated the extent of recovery. In so doing, studies have indicated that various modes of transportation are getting to normal. However, scarce literature is available that focuses on the social demographics of individuals who are returning to their normal.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study applied ordered logistic regression on the longitudinal survey data collected between 2013 and 2023 in San Francisco, California, to evaluate the social-demographic characteristics of individuals who are returning to normal public transit ridership.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study used the 2013–2019 data to establish the pre-COVID trend and the 2023 data to assess when a similar trend exists. It was found that ridership declined significantly for residents with higher education, higher income, mid-age residents (35–44 years), and those who lived in San Francisco for more than six years. Conversely, there was an increase in ridership for older residents (45 years and above), African Americans, and people of mixed race. Further, male residents, Asian Americans, and Hispanics did not indicate a significant change in ridership.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings can be utilized by public transit operators in San Francisco and cities with similar demographic distribution to improve ridership in the post-COVID era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of free bike share on social determinants among college students: a protocol for a quasi-experimental study","authors":"Amanda Grimes ,&nbsp;Michael Frisch","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Bike share shows promise in enhancing health and reducing transportation barriers for college students, especially those from lower-income households. However, limited research has employed a pre-post study design to investigate health benefits, and studies have not stayed current with the evolving technology of bike share systems that expand its usage potential. This paper aims to investigate the impact of providing free one-year bike share memberships to university students on adoption rates, GPS-tracked usage patterns, and the resulting changes in students’ health and well-being, addressing transportation barriers and promoting active lifestyles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A non-randomized quasi-experimental design is used at a Midwestern urban university involving two groups – an intervention group with a 1 -year bike share membership (n = 150) and a control group receiving a $10 gift card (n = 120) – assessing study aims with baseline and follow-up surveys conducted from August 2023 to May 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study aims to address income and health inequities by investigating the impact of free access to a city-wide bike share system, anticipating positive outcomes on physical activity, access to necessities, and other social determinants of health. We anticipate follow-up data collection to be completed in May 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>By analyzing updated origin-destination and route data from a dockless bike share system, the research will contribute valuable insights into transportation equity, socio-demographic characteristics, and health impacts, potentially influencing sustainability, social inclusion, education and transportation policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It's good for the community to see real people like them on the bike”: Exploring e-bike support in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Emma Osborne ,&nbsp;Cheryl Davies ,&nbsp;Kimiora Raerino ,&nbsp;Caroline Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Equity-focused e-bike support programmes are likely to have an important role in growing the mode share of cycling. In Aotearoa New Zealand, equitable approaches to cycling need to include approaches that are led by and for Māori. Previous work promoting cycling in Indigenous Māori communities has identified the need for culturally relevant, inclusive programmes which focus on cycling as an activity that benefits families and communities as well as individuals. This research explores the holistic health effects of a long-term Indigenous e-bike programme.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>HIKO is an e-bike programme providing long-term e-bike loans and wrap-around cycling support in a suburban community in Aotearoa New Zealand, through a Māori health and social service provider. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 26 HIKO participants over the first 12 months of the programme. Data were analysed thematically, using an Indigenous Māori framework of holistic health and wellbeing (Te Pae Māhutonga).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants used their e-bikes for recreational and transport cycling. Prior to the programme participants did not cycle regularly, if at all, and largely described e-biking as an unfamiliar activity. Using the domains of Te Pae Māhutonga, we explore four themes: the necessity of trusted leaders, strong relationships and community input; e-biking as supporting cultural and environmental connections; e-biking as supporting healthy lifestyles; and e-biking as enabling greater social participation and family connectedness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Appropriately designed e-bike support programmes have an important role in broadening equitable access to cycling. This study underscores the importance of considering the needs of families in designing cycling programmes, infrastructure and policies. It also highlights the role of health improvement as a motivating factor for taking up e-biking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active mobility can mediate the association between the perceived environment and quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Brazil","authors":"Danúbia Hillesheim ,&nbsp;Gilciane Ceolin ,&nbsp;Ingrid Luiza Neto ,&nbsp;Hartmut Günther ,&nbsp;Júlio Celso Borello Vargas ,&nbsp;Tim Jones ,&nbsp;Eleonora d’Orsi","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The literature highlights various environmental factors that affect quality of life. However, it notably lacks exploration of potential mediators in this relationship. This research aimed to investigate whether the association between perceived environment and quality of life can be mediated by active mobility.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Healthy Urban Mobility Project, conducted among adults and older adults living in urban areas of three Brazilian cities: Brasília, Florianópolis, and Porto Alegre. The Structural Equation Modeling technique was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of perceived environment (places for walking and cycling, traffic safety, and crime safety domains) on quality of life (physical, psychological, social relations, and environment domains) mediated by hours of active mobility (walking and cycling).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 3296 individuals were surveyed, with a higher prevalence of females (66.6 %). The better the environment perception, the higher the active mobility engaging. There was a positive indirect effect of the perception of places for walking and cycling on the quality of life domains: physical (β = 0.006; p = 0.046), social relations (β = 0.023; p &lt; 0.001), and environment (β = 0.018; p &lt; 0.001), mediated by hours of active mobility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It is concluded that active hours mediated the relationship between the perception of places for walking and cycling and the physical, environmental, and social quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Buzz: Electric cars and the German health public budget","authors":"Cristina Strango ,&nbsp;Mihai Mutascu","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study explores the impact of electric cars on public health expenditures by considering several scenarios and using the Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) estimator.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The analysis utilizes a dataset covering 16 Federal States of Germany from 2008 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and population</h3><div>The dataset includes data on electric car adoption, public health expenditures, road infrastructure, and socio-economic and demographic indicators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The main findings suggest that the relationship between electric cars and public health expenditures in Germany is complex, shaped by various socio-economic factors. The positive impact of electric cars on public health expenditures is mainly driven by traffic collisions from state roads that require more hospital units, including additional beds. In contrast, traffic collisions from county roads show a stronger negative correlation with hospital bed demand, indicating less pressure on the public health budget due to a reduced need for new hospital units.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In summary, the electric cars may increase traffic collisions in Germany, particularly on state and county roads. In this context, traffic collisions on state roads appear to result in greater demand for new hospitals with additional beds and potentially rising healthcare costs, especially considering the severity of accidents on these roads. However, traffic collisions from county roads show a negative correlation with hospital beds, being higher in amplitude than those on state roads. This indicates that local traffic characteristics, the improved safety of electric cars, and efficiencies in healthcare (e.g., outpatient care) contribute to a reduction in the need for hospitalisation and help mitigate the financial impact. Additionally, healthcare spending is influenced by factors such as unemployment, GDP growth, an ageing population, and the number of doctors. However, the healthcare system's capacity to efficiently manage hospital resources and transition to outpatient care could mitigate the financial strain caused by traffic incidents related to electric cars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102076"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing intensity of E-biking in the context of the exercise intensity domains framework","authors":"Alberto Bonardi,&nbsp;Francesco Negro ,&nbsp;Danilo Iannetta","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>E-bikes are promoted as an active mode of transportation which can aid with meeting current physical activity recommendations. For the first time, this study evaluated exertional intensity associated with commuting with an E-bike within the framework of the exercise intensity domains. We hypothesized that the reduction in exertional intensity when using an E-bike for commuting is such that the resulting metabolic demand will be substantially lower than that suggested to improve cardiorespiratory fitness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-four participants (22 females) of varying fitness levels completed two experimental sessions. The first session involved a lab-based ramp-incremental exercise test to determine VO_2max, gas exchange threshold (GET), and respiratory compensation point (RCP). The second session involved the completion of two outdoor rides on the same bike equipped with an electrical motor. The first ride was completed without electrical assistance while for the second ride the assistance was kept activated throughout.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>With the electrical assistance the power output (PO) of commuting was reduced by 87 ± 19 W compared to without electrical assistance. Such reduction in PO lowered the metabolic demand of cycling by approximately 69 % which fell approximately 34 % below GET. While the absolute reduction in PO was different between males and females, when normalizing it for the individual GET, there were no differences between sexes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite E-bikes facilitate a more active lifestyle while helping to reduce the emission of air pollutants, when interpreted within the context of the exercise intensity domain framework, the corresponding exertional intensity is likely insufficient to elicit cardiorespiratory benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102064"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paratransit as a vehicle for reducing loneliness and social isolation among adults and older adults","authors":"Jerome Mayaud ,&nbsp;Theodore D. Cosco","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Paratransit, a form of federally-mandated demand-responsive transit (DRT), provides crucial mobility options for persons living with disabilities and older adults across the United States. The social connections that these paratransit trips enable is theorized to decrease social isolation and loneliness, thereby improving cognitive and mental health outcomes of riders. However, there exists very little direct evidence for the effect of transportation on loneliness among older adults. This study investigates the association between mobility and self-reported social isolation among older adults riding paratransit in Pinellas County, Florida.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Leveraging a novel methodology that paired 1276 digitized travel survey responses with hyper-granular trip data relating to each response, we examined how paratransit usage influences the social connectivity of paratransit riders. We assessed the extent to which PSTA's paratransit service is associated with a self-reported improvement in loneliness among adults and older adults, and the links between socio-demographics, travel patterns and loneliness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>67 % of adults and 71 % of older adults reported feeling less lonely after using paratransit, with particularly strong benefits observed among low-income users and those with disabilities. Spatial analysis revealed that high loneliness improvement rates were concentrated in areas near community centers, parks, and social hubs, while trips to healthcare facilities and casinos showed lower improvements. We estimate that each paratransit trip resulted in 2.7 new social connections, which could lead to reduced loneliness and isolation, and a decrease in related health conditions. Using an existing theory of change (ToC) model tailored to loneliness, we estimate that PSTA's paratransit service has resulted in healthcare savings in excess of $230 million over a three-year period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Extrapolated nationally, paratransit could be generating $94.1 billion of cost savings annually, or ∼2 % of the US total healthcare spend. Paratransit should therefore not be seen solely as a transportation mode, but also as a strategic investment in public health and wellbeing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of behavioural interventions on young, novice drivers’ motor vehicle crash risk: A systematic review","authors":"Jessica Hafetz ,&nbsp;Jackson Felkins ,&nbsp;Ayden Allston ,&nbsp;Helen Mann ,&nbsp;D. Leann Long ,&nbsp;Carol A. Ford ,&nbsp;Catherine C. McDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of injury and death of adolescents world-wide. There is no consensus on the most efficacious individual-level behavioral interventions for reducing young drivers’ risk for MVCs. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence of effectiveness of such interventions. We were interested in only fully randomized-controlled trials (RCT) owing to the superior quality of evidence they provide.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eligible studies needed to have all of the following attributes: 1) random assignment, 2) concern individual-level behavioural interventions, 3) target young drivers (16–24 years of age), young drivers and their carer (dyads), or carers of young drivers, and 4) report young drivers’ post-license MVC outcomes. The Risk-of-Bias 2 assessment tool was used. Fourteen databases were searched from May-to-June 2023 and re-checked in April 2024. The protocol was pre-registered with Prospero: CRD42023425135.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixteen papers corresponding to 12 distinct RCTs of individual-level behavioural interventions were identified as meeting all criteria for inclusion. Of these, none were found to be effective in reducing risk for MVC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We propose that the limited amount of success thus far is caused by: 1) the quality of research evidence coupled with a lack of individual-level interventions mature enough to evaluate; 2) the small number of randomised controlled trials conducted; 3) the low statistical power of these trials; and related to this 4) the practice of combining MVCs with other outcomes. A more rigorous and collaborative approach is necessary to move the field forward in order to prevent MVCs in this vulnerable group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"43 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between commute time and loneliness: An analysis based on 2023 Seoul survey data","authors":"Baek-Yong Choi ,&nbsp;Ji-Hyeon Lee ,&nbsp;Seok-Yoon Son ,&nbsp;Seung-Woo Ryoo ,&nbsp;Jin-Young Min ,&nbsp;Kyoung-Bok Min","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Loneliness is an increasing public health concern, impacting both mental and physical health, including cardiovascular disease and mortality. Long commutes contribute to greater job strain, fatigue, and decreased satisfaction and happiness. These long commutes may also be a contributing factor to loneliness. This study explores the relationship between commute time and loneliness in Seoul.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were used from the 2023 Seoul survey, involving 24,278 workers. Loneliness was measured using two questions regarding relationships with family and non-family members. Commute time was categorized into three groups: ≤30 min, 31–60 min, and &gt;60 min. Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between commute time and loneliness, controlling for sociodemographic factors, occupation, commute mode, and living alone.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Longer commute times (&gt;60 min) were significantly associated with higher risk of loneliness in relationships with both family members (OR 1.49, 95 % CI: 1.17–1.89) and non-family members (OR 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.08–1.71). When stratified by transport mode, only private commuters showed a significantly increased risk of loneliness, while active and public commuters did not. Commuters living alone were particularly vulnerable to loneliness when commute times exceeded 60 min.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Longer commute times, especially over 60 min, increase the risk of loneliness, with private transport and those living alone being most vulnerable. Urban planning and policies should aim to reduce commute times and encourage social participation, particularly for people at higher risk of isolation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of individual and context features of a bicycle skills program for riding injury prevention knowledge and self-efficacy among children","authors":"Kerry A. Howard ,&nbsp;Sarah F. Griffin ,&nbsp;Laura J. Rolke ,&nbsp;Joy Venable ,&nbsp;Mackenzie Stuenkel ,&nbsp;Kerry K. Sease","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2025.102050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Bicycle education programs teach injury prevention skills among children in their formative years for developing lifelong safety behaviors. Program success measures, such as knowledge of skills, show mixed findings for use of these behaviors. Self-efficacy, a construct of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), is theorized to predict behavioral intent. This study used SCT to explore individual and external factors as predictors of pre-program to post-program change from a program and compare outcomes of knowledge and self-efficacy for bicycle riding injury prevention skills.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A school-based program was implemented at 13 sites among 2,260 students. Students and instructors completed survey items for individual-level characteristics and program external context factors. Multilevel models examined the association of individual-level and context predictors with both outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed more consistent change in self-efficacy than knowledge. Students with behavioral capability through riding a bicycle as part of the program showed a greater increase in self-efficacy, as did those with positive expectations. Contexts with a greater percentage of students who could already ride were associated with less increase in both outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Injuries among children are preventable with learning of injury prevention skills and translation into behaviors. Practice riding a bicycle, use of self-efficacy as an outcome, attention to the composition of skill levels, and recognition of individual differences are identified highlights. Bicycle safety education programs may serve as an avenue to both reduce childhood injuries and improve equity in childhood injuries through beginning with an understanding of individual-level factors and incorporating them into effective programming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}