International Journal of Sustainable Transportation最新文献_第2页

Introducing on-schedule multi-stop and on-demand point-to-point waterborne transport services 引入准时、多站和按需的点对点水运服务

IF 3.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Pub Date : 2026-05-04 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2025.2588596

R.C.P. Wong , Nazam Ali , W.Y. Szeto

{"title":"Introducing on-schedule multi-stop and on-demand point-to-point waterborne transport services","authors":"R.C.P. Wong , Nazam Ali , W.Y. Szeto","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2588596","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2588596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road-based transport causes severe greenhouse gas emissions, traffic congestion, and high energy consumption even after it is electrified. Besides, existing road networks cannot handle the substantially increasing travel demand in highly populated cities. Alternatively, waterborne transport offers a more sustainable and environmentally friendly option for traveling across harbors, rivers, and canals to access waterfront destinations. To supplement existing ferry services shuttling between two points and increase overall patronage of waterborne transport, this study proposes to introduce on-schedule multi-stop and on-demand point-to-point waterborne transport services, and examines passengers’ selections among these options. A stated preference questionnaire survey was carried out, interviewing 692 ferry passengers about their travel decisions in hypothetical scenarios. The results of the discrete choice models indicated that fare, wait time for services, travel time of road-based transport/waterborne transport, and the number of intermediate stops significantly influence travelers’ decisions. Relevant transport policies and recommendations for enhancing the performance of waterborne transport services and promoting greener mobility are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47824,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 445-457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ontology-guided causal discovery and inference for reducing CO2 emissions in transportation 本体论引导下的交通运输二氧化碳减排因果发现与推理

IF 3.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Pub Date : 2026-05-04 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2025.2588608

Tamas Fekete , Hendro Wicaksono

{"title":"Ontology-guided causal discovery and inference for reducing CO2 emissions in transportation","authors":"Tamas Fekete , Hendro Wicaksono","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2588608","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2588608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how ontology-guided causal discovery can be applied to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in transportation. The analysis uses a cross-sectional dataset of 463,568 passenger vehicles inspected in Hungary between January and March 2023, which includes key technical attributes such as engine performance, cylinder capacity, and drive-by noise levels. Using causal discovery algorithms (PC, FCI, and GES) with and without ontology-based constraints, directed acyclic graphs are constructed to identify structural relationships among these variables and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. For causal inference, effect sizes of engine performance and other technical characteristics on emissions are estimated while considering potential confounding factors. The findings show that ontology-informed models improve both the plausibility and interpretability of the discovered causal structures, though limitations remain regarding unobserved variables and nonlinear relationships; accordingly, this validation-focused case study provides a foundation for extensions to behavior-driven contexts (e.g. usage patterns, compliance, market responses) where causal structure and effect magnitudes are more uncertain in advance. The results indicate that cylinder capacity and specific power (engine performance at fixed displacement) are among the strongest contributors to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, with ontology constraints reducing spurious links and increasing robustness across algorithms. Policy implications include the need for regulatory measures that integrate domain knowledge into emissions assessments, as well as the importance of updating technical standards and testing frameworks to reflect causal interactions rather than simple correlations. These insights can support more reliable interventions to lower vehicle-related emissions and contribute to sustainable transportation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47824,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 458-478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors influencing car ownership in Toronto: Insights from a hurdle-ordered model 影响多伦多汽车拥有量的因素：来自障碍排序模型的见解

IF 3.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Pub Date : 2026-04-03 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2025.2586219

Mwendwa Kiko , Eric Miller

{"title":"Factors influencing car ownership in Toronto: Insights from a hurdle-ordered model","authors":"Mwendwa Kiko , Eric Miller","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2586219","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2586219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effects of household socio-demographics, dwelling characteristics and the built environment on household auto ownership using data from a survey of 2007 households in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). A two-stage hurdle model was constructed, consisting of a binary probit model of vehicle ownership (0 or 1+ cars) and an ordered probit model of fleet size (1, 2, or 3+ cars). Variables representing the five dimensions of density, diversity, destination accessibility, distance to transit, and design were included in the model. It was found that household socio-demographics and dwelling characteristics are the principal drivers of auto ownership, as shown by a greater number of variables significant at the 1% level and larger partial effects for these variables. Among the built environment variables, density, and destination accessibility were the most significant. Overall, the factors influencing ownership and fleet size were found to be the same, though there were some notable exceptions to this. These results show that policymakers seeking to reduce car dependency should focus on policies directly targeting the households, rather than those which target them indirectly through changes to the built environment around their residential location.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47824,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 429-444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mobility patterns of shared and own e-bikes and e-scooters in Iberian cities 伊比利亚城市共享和自有电动自行车和电动滑板车的出行模式

IF 3.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Pub Date : 2026-04-03 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2025.2573743

Emanuel-Cristian Adorean , Jordi Nofre , Laura García-Juan , Filipe Moura

{"title":"Mobility patterns of shared and own e-bikes and e-scooters in Iberian cities","authors":"Emanuel-Cristian Adorean , Jordi Nofre , Laura García-Juan , Filipe Moura","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2573743","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2573743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we examine the socio-demographic, behavioral, and spatial patterns of e-bike and e-scooter use in Lisbon (Portugal) and Madrid (Spain), focusing on both shared and privately owned modes. Based on a survey of 873 users (475 from Lisbon and 398 from Madrid), we apply chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests to analyze user profiles, travel frequency, duration, motivations and substituted transport modes. Spatial dynamics are further explored through Kernel Density Estimation, Hotspot Analysis, and Geographically Weighted Regression models. Our results reveal that private micromobility use is associated with older, higher-income, and predominantly male users making longer and more frequent trips - often replacing car travel - while shared modes are used more sporadically and primarily replace public transport or walking. Spatially, shared trips cluster around city centers and transport hubs, whereas private trips extend into peripheral areas. Cycle infrastructure, population density, and terrain emerged as key drivers of spatial patterns. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating between shared and private micromobility in transport policy and planning, particularly regarding infrastructure equity and modal integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47824,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 335-361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electric automobile route scheduling with time setting using machine learning methods 基于机器学习方法的电动汽车路线调度

IF 3.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Pub Date : 2026-04-03 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2025.2586217

Vijay Raviprabhakaran , Jesica Sarakonda , Vinay Udugula , Nishitha Varma Datla

{"title":"Electric automobile route scheduling with time setting using machine learning methods","authors":"Vijay Raviprabhakaran , Jesica Sarakonda , Vinay Udugula , Nishitha Varma Datla","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2586217","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2586217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric automobiles transform urban mobility by offering a clean and eco-friendly alternative to traditional internal combustion vehicles. Planning and optimizing electric automobile (EA) travel routes involve considering energy consumption, battery range, and the availability of charging stations. By optimizing routes that account for delivery deadlines and charging outlet availability, the Electric Automobile Path Planning with Time Frame (EAPPTF) aims to reduce travel time and energy consumption. While decision tree models forecast and optimize energy consumption and charging stops, route planning uses Dijkstra’s algorithm to identify the shortest path. Using real-time data from Indian cities, this article enhances electric automobile routing by providing insights into traffic flow and charging station availability, thereby enabling efficient travel and energy management. Data from Bengaluru and Hyderabad demonstrate that the proposed methods effectively address the routing challenges for electric automobiles, resulting in shorter trips and lower energy consumption, thereby promoting sustainable urban mobility. By improving autonomous driving technologies and charging infrastructure, these algorithms can also boost urban mobility and sustainability. This strategy supports optimal vehicle operation while addressing pressing issues in emerging nations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47824,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 413-428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel Multi-Input Multi-Output energy model for future port operations 面向未来港口运营的新型多输入多输出能源模型

IF 3.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Pub Date : 2026-04-03 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2025.2585326

Mehmet Cagin Kirca , Srinivas Calindi , Phil Whiffin , Megan Turner , Dave Parkes , Andrew McGordon

{"title":"A novel Multi-Input Multi-Output energy model for future port operations","authors":"Mehmet Cagin Kirca , Srinivas Calindi , Phil Whiffin , Megan Turner , Dave Parkes , Andrew McGordon","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2585326","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2585326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the development challenge of an optimal electrical energy infrastructure for the sustainable electrification of marine vessels. An innovative Multi-Input Multi-Output energy model is introduced to accurately represent the dynamic temporal interactions between port electrical infrastructure, any renewable energy sources and the electrical recharging demands of multiple hybrid and electric ferries. This increases the total carbon emissions saving potential through greater collaborative optimization between transport electrification and grid constraints. A sizing methodology is then embedded to support the optimal design of a reversible Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for continuous operation in multiple scenarios which is considered the heart of the future port energy infrastructure due to increased limitations electricity grid incomer. A comprehensive simulation study using real-world data of Port of Dover has been conducted to evaluate the increase in port electricity requirements, and potential BESS solutions. The findings confirm that the proposed method could help to reduce the grid incomer capacity requirement from 8 MW to 3.41 MW. The proposed method effectively increases the unit of CO<sub>2</sub> saved per MW electrical grid incomer capacity from 31.1 mtCO<sub>2</sub>/MW to 75.1 mtCO<sub>2</sub>/MW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47824,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 396-412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring conditions for economic sustainability of city hubs adoption in urban logistics - a system dynamics approach 探索在城市物流中采用城市枢纽的经济可持续性条件-系统动力学方法

IF 3.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Pub Date : 2026-04-03 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2025.2584181

Claudia Andruetto , Giovanni Zenezini , Henrik Gillström , Anna Pernestål

{"title":"Exploring conditions for economic sustainability of city hubs adoption in urban logistics - a system dynamics approach","authors":"Claudia Andruetto , Giovanni Zenezini , Henrik Gillström , Anna Pernestål","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2584181","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2584181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transport-related externalities have a negative impact on urban environments and health. Therefore, urban logistic systems encounter significant sustainability challenges. One urban transport strategy is city hubs, which can achieve a more effective system. However, city hubs have yet to realize their full potential due to the challenges of their implementation. This paper investigates the dynamics of city hub implementation from the perspectives of the Logistic Service Providers (LSPs), the hub operator and the receivers of the goods. Drawing from qualitative and quantitative insights from a case study in Stockholm, a system dynamics model is built to understand these dynamics. The results of this model demonstrate that the city hub is economically sustainable only if collaboration is achieved between LSPs and receivers. However, the total system cost increases with collaboration. When collaboration cannot be achieved, the public sector’s involvement is crucial to achieving hub adoption. The results also show that implementing an environmental zone (internal combustion engine vehicles are forbidden entry) does not help hub adoption, as the share of the LSPs cost spent on vehicles is low compared to other costs. Therefore, policies favoring the actors involved in the scheme should be considered. The main contribution of this paper lies in identifying possible strategies and outcomes of city hub implementation within the studied area and providing guidance for policymakers on policies for successful implementation. Moreover, the model can be adapted to other case studies by adjusting the input data, thereby serving as a tool for policymakers in different geographical contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47824,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 374-395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of trip attributes on ridehailing driver trip request acceptance 出行属性对网约车司机出行请求接受的影响

IF 3.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Pub Date : 2026-04-03 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2025.2580366

Yuanjie Tu , Mohammad Mehdi Oshanreh , Moein Khaloei , Nazmul Arefin Khan , Don MacKenzie

{"title":"Effect of trip attributes on ridehailing driver trip request acceptance","authors":"Yuanjie Tu , Mohammad Mehdi Oshanreh , Moein Khaloei , Nazmul Arefin Khan , Don MacKenzie","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2580366","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2580366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A generalized additive mixed model was estimated to investigate the factors that impact ridehailing drivers’ trip request acceptance choices, relying on 200 responses from a stated preference survey in Seattle, US. The main findings are: (1) ridehailing drivers are less likely to accept trips with longer pick-up times; the relationship is linear for short trips when the trip is below 45 min, while nonlinear otherwise; (2) trips over 45 min, surge price, and higher passenger ratings increase the probability of trip request acceptance; (3) ridehailing drivers are less likely to accept shared trips than solo ones; (4) the effects of ridehailing drivers’ socio-demographics and employment status are statistically non-significant. Several policy recommendations were proposed to promote trip request acceptance based on ridehailing drivers’ willingness to accept compensation for undesired trip features. The findings could be useful for transportation agencies to improve ridehailing service efficiency, better fulfill urban mobility needs, and reduce environmental burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47824,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 362-373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is bus riding always lower-carbon than driving? Quantifying passenger-level carbon reduction potential for bus travel incentives in China 乘坐公共汽车总是比开车低碳吗？量化中国公交出行激励措施的乘客碳减排潜力

IF 3.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Pub Date : 2026-03-04 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2025.2570326

Shichao Sun , Xiaohua Liu

{"title":"Is bus riding always lower-carbon than driving? Quantifying passenger-level carbon reduction potential for bus travel incentives in China","authors":"Shichao Sun , Xiaohua Liu","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2570326","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2570326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses a critical gap in China’s innovative bus-travel carbon incentive policies, which currently lack precision in quantifying per-trip emissions due to methodological limitations in existing approaches. A data-driven paradigm integrating smartcard data, automated bus location data, and online mapping platforms (Gaode Map) is introduced to develop a dynamic per-mode per-capita carbon emission model. This model captures the spatiotemporal variations in carbon savings from bus travel by accounting for two essential factors: operational dynamics (such as real-time speed changes due to traffic congestion) and fluctuations in passenger load (i.e. occupancy rates across different routes and times of day). The resulting framework delivers accurate, trip-level emission estimates, enabling robust comparison with counterfactual private car trips used as a baseline. This provides an empirically grounded basis for designing effective incentive mechanisms. Further analysis reveals considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in emission reductions, with carbon savings varying significantly by time of day and geographic region. These patterns support the design of tailored incentives that account for local and temporal conditions. Notably, the study challenges the prevailing assumption that bus travel is invariably more carbon-efficient than private car use. Instead, findings demonstrate the carbon advantage of bus travel is “conditionally relative,” highly dependent on contextual factors such as occupancy levels. Based on these insights, this study offers targeted recommendations for refining current incentive policies, contributing to smarter, evidence-based sustainable transport strategies both in China and globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47824,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","volume":"20 3","pages":"Pages 251-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147414537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of government policies in promoting sustainable port competition and multimodal transportation: A spatial game theory approach 政府政策在促进可持续港口竞争和多式联运中的作用：一个空间博弈论方法

IF 3.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Pub Date : 2026-03-04 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2025.2580365

Mojdeh Younesi , Maryam Esmaeili

{"title":"The role of government policies in promoting sustainable port competition and multimodal transportation: A spatial game theory approach","authors":"Mojdeh Younesi , Maryam Esmaeili","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2580365","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15568318.2025.2580365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Competition among ports in regions with uneven inland transport infrastructure presents complex challenges for sustainable development. This paper examines two ports, one with multimodal rail-road access and the other with road-only access, competing over a shared hinterland of spatially dispersed customers using a spatial Stackelberg game. A government, acting as the Stackelberg leader, implements Equity Initiative Programs (EIPs) such as subsidies, emission taxes, and freight discounts, aiming to achieve objectives like economic efficiency, social welfare, and environmental sustainability. Notably, emission taxes alone have limited environmental impact without complementary rail investments. This model is illustrated through the case of Shahid Bahonar and Chabahar ports in Iran. Results reveal that multimodal transportation infrastructure offers a competitive advantage and that integrated EIPs can mitigate infrastructural deficiencies. Multimodal ports consistently capture larger market shares, especially under environmental policies that simultaneously enhance employment opportunities and ecological performance. Employment generation is notably higher at multimodal ports, particularly for high-value cargo. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive, integrated policy frameworks that promote fair and sustainable port development, particularly in regions with inadequate infrastructure.<span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":47824,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","volume":"20 3","pages":"Pages 319-334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147415518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0