{"title":"Cross-disciplinary variation in exemplification: A local grammar analysis of biology and applied linguistics research articles","authors":"Arefe Amini Faskhodi, Mohsen Shirazizadeh, Somayeh Fathali","doi":"10.1016/j.esp.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esp.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exemplification serves as a crucial rhetorical strategy in academic writing, yet its functional realisations across disciplines remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating how exemplification operates differently in biology and applied linguistics research articles. Analyzing a corpus of 200 published articles through a local grammar framework, the study reveals significant disciplinary distinctions in both frequency and functional deployment of exemplification patterns. The analysis shows that applied linguistics articles employ exemplification more extensively, often integrating it with authorial voice, certain forms of citation, and contextualized argumentation. In contrast, biology articles demonstrate a more limited usage of this discourse act, reflecting their higher reliance on persuasion through direct and objective presentation of data. Both disciplines, however, share certain core exemplification structures, suggesting underlying commonalities in academic discourse. The findings offer new insights into how disciplinary writing conventions influence rhetorical strategies, with significant implications for academic writing instruction and genre-informed pedagogy. This research advances our understanding of exemplification as a significant and context-sensitive discourse act whose use is shaped by disciplinary epistemologies and informed by disciplinary preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47809,"journal":{"name":"English for Specific Purposes","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 7-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A BERT-based method to develop discipline-specific academic vocabulary lists in large corpora","authors":"Tongxi Gong , Lei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately identifying discipline-specific vocabulary—particularly common words with specialized meanings—remains a critical challenge in vocabulary list development. This study introduces a novel approach to integrating BERT-based semantic annotation with statistically rigorous thresholds to address three limitations of prior methods: (1) the disconnect between overall word frequency and specialized meanings, (2) reliance on arbitrary statistical cutoffs, and (3) the need for manual disambiguation. We demonstrate this approach by constructing the Medical Sense List (MSL), a sense-level inventory of 961 medical terms validated against corpora and dictionaries. The MSL shows a 78.5 % overlap with established medical dictionaries, achieves a higher mean coverage per sense (12.25 ‰) than existing medical vocabulary lists, and utilizes BERT with 94 % disambiguation accuracy. Crucially, our method establishes objective thresholds through combinatorially symmetric cross-validation (CSCV), significantly reducing reliance on human judgment. This transparently outlined approach can be readily adapted to other disciplines or languages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47809,"journal":{"name":"English for Specific Purposes","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An idiodynamic investigation of student listening experiences in an English medium instruction political science lecture","authors":"Joseph Siegel, Aki Siegel, Maria Kuteeva","doi":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Listening to and learning from a university lecture can be an arduous task, particularly when the lecture is given in a second/additional language, which is often the case in English medium instruction (EMI) contexts. Further, listening research has been limited by methodological constraints and has offered few real-time insights into the lecture listening experience. This paper introduces an innovative idiodynamic method for monitoring lecture comprehension with the help of a footpedal device set in an EMI political science lecture. The data set includes the lecture recording, footpedal readings, and stimulated recall interviews with four students (two males, two females; four different first languages). We examine 1) what comprehension challenges students report during the lecture; 2) how the reported challenges vary among the four students; and 3) whether a listening challenge reported at a given time by more than one student has the same reason. Reported reasons for non-comprehension were categorized based on a data-coding scheme including top-down, bottom-up, affective, multimodal and environmental factors. More than half of the reported instances were due to top-down factors, followed by multimodal factors. The findings highlight that each student has idiosyncratic ways of engaging with the lecture content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47809,"journal":{"name":"English for Specific Purposes","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 49-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI-mediated genre learning in the business English class","authors":"Xiaoqiong You , Xiaoye You","doi":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines what prompts agentive students use to enable genre learning when engaged in AI-mediated business genre activities. The study draws on the data collected from 24 sophomore students taking a business English writing course at a business international trade university in East China. We analyzed the contents, prompting styles, purposes of the students’ prompts and the specific stages of composing in which these prompts were used, and then we juxtaposed the analysis with student perceptions of AI-mediated genre learning. The study reveals that the students developed their models of AI use by blending different prompting styles in different stages of their composing process; that the prompts were used to query on genre knowledge domains, outlines of a genre, revisions, products and trade practice, and audience response; that these prompts appeared to be effective in developing students’ formal, subject matter, and rhetorical knowledge and their genre awareness; that the machine-human mediation enriched the intertextuality of students’ genre products. The students’ use of AI in genre activities prompts us to raise questions about genre knowledge as a conceptual framework for guiding genre learning. We conclude the study by drawing implications for AI-mediated teaching and learning of genre.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47809,"journal":{"name":"English for Specific Purposes","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 34-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making sense of the uncommon-sense: A Linguistic exploration of disciplinary discourse in English-medium MBBS (Bachelor of medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) programs in China","authors":"Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prominence of English for Medical Purposes (EMP) is clearly demonstrated via the growing adoption of English-medium instruction (EMI) in medical education across non-Anglophone countries. A notable example is China's MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) program, an English-medium medical program designed for international students. Existing studies focus on ethnographic issues and language proficiency and discussions on medical discourse often lack sufficient consideration of its context, the nature of medical knowledge. To scaffold MBBS students' apprenticeship into tertiary science, this study analyzes the complexity of a medical textbook by examining linguistic choices across the strata of field and discourse semantics and lexicogrammar following Systemic Functional Linguistics. Integrating medical discourse and medical knowledge in analysis, it identifies field relations underpinning scientific knowledge and outlines their realizations via language resources in discourse semantics and lexicogrammar. The study demonstrates the way reconceptualization of field phenomena shapes the complexity of tertiary science. It highlights systematic mismatches in realization relations as a central linguistic mechanism enabling the transition from common-sense to uncommon-sense knowledge. This study enhances our understanding of field as a meaning-making resource and of knowledge building through language. These findings further inform EMP pedagogy through three key dimensions: adopting a tri-stratal approach to navigate the interplay between contextual factors and linguistic resources, utilizing multimodal semiosis to unpack multiple perspectives, and fostering closer collaboration between language and discipline teachers in textbook design and course development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47809,"journal":{"name":"English for Specific Purposes","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 66-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metadiscoursal adjectives in novice academic writing","authors":"Višnja Pavičić Takač , Vesna Bogdanović , Jagoda Topalov","doi":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the usage patterns of metadiscoursal adjectives among novice academic writers. Specifically, it compares the use of adjectives that function as interactional metadiscourse (following Hyland's (2005) model) and the semantic properties of these metadiscoursal adjectives (following Dixon's (2004) categorization), across L1 and L2 English writings. The subcorpora comprise the Discussion sections of MA theses in English as L1 and L2, selected for their crucial significance in academic discourse involving knowledge synthesis and interpretation. Adjective tokens were extracted using Sketch Engine and manually verified for their metadiscourse function. Findings reveal that L1 writers exhibit more nuanced and diverse uses of interactional metadiscoursal adjectives compared to their L2 counterparts, indicating a correlation between linguistic proficiency and rhetorical skill. Furthermore, a strong correlation between adjectival semantic categories and their metadiscourse functions highlights writers' intentional rhetorical choices. These findings underline the significance of metadiscoursal adjectives in determining the persuasiveness and authority of academic communication. This study enhances the understanding of how metadiscourse emerges in academic writing practice and suggests implications for educators aiming to enhance novice writers' mastery of disciplinary rhetorical conventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47809,"journal":{"name":"English for Specific Purposes","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 16-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"Zhiyi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.esp.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esp.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47809,"journal":{"name":"English for Specific Purposes","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 4-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"Dan Douglas","doi":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47809,"journal":{"name":"English for Specific Purposes","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Business English writing problems of business English majors: A triangulated approach","authors":"Si Ning Tan , Madhubala Bava Harji , Yue Hui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In universities or colleges that offer Business English undergraduate programs, Business English writing is taught as a compulsory course designed to equip Business English majors with workplace-ready writing skills. However, their Business English writing competence still fails to meet the workplace-specific requirements. While prior research has identified several problems in students' writing, very few have adopted a mixed-methods approach or systematically applied theoretical models to identify and analyze Business English writing problems. Addressing this gap, this study employed a triangulated approach, using multiple instruments including questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and students' business letters, to examine Business English majors' Business English writing problems. The findings showed that students' problems are mainly in business knowledge, intercultural competence, sociolinguistic competence, grammar, vocabulary, and mechanics. This study contributes to the Business English writing pedagogy by highlighting Business English majors’ writing problems to promote autonomous learning, urging teachers to transcend conventional language pedagogy, and advocating for syllabus adaptation such as expanding teaching hours and offering prerequisite courses in business fundamentals and intercultural communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47809,"journal":{"name":"English for Specific Purposes","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 32-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unlocking the full potential of English-medium education: A longitudinal exploration of business students’ views of disciplinary literacies","authors":"Emma Dafouz , Sonia López-Serrano","doi":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esp.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated student perceptions of Disciplinary Literacies (DLs) in an English-medium education (EME) Business Studies programme at a Spanish university. It re-examined DLs through a bi/multilingual and internationalised lens, positioning them as a dynamic meeting ground for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and EME professionals. The study had two aims: (i) to explore how prior EME experience shaped first-year students' perceptions of DLs and self-efficacy beliefs, and (ii) to examine how these perceptions evolved over three academic years. Using a validated survey covering four dimensions—English use, L1 use, international community of practice, and internationalisation—findings show that prior EME experience was linked to greater self-reported confidence in English, while perceptions of the other dimensions remained consistent. From a longitudinal perspective, students continued to value their L1 as a cognitive resource, though their expectations of internationalisation slightly declined. These results highlight the need to explicitly support DL development in EME to unlock its full language learning potential and to recognise students’ multilingual repertoires. The study advocates for closer collaboration between ESP and EME professionals to co-design inclusive, context-sensitive literacy instruction that promotes equitable access to academic content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47809,"journal":{"name":"English for Specific Purposes","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 197-211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}