Disaster Prevention and Management最新文献

{"title":"Mainstreaming DRM into subnational development policies in Mexico","authors":"V. Maurizi, Adelfo Santis de la Torre, Luis Mauricio Escalante Solís, Ana Luisa Quezadas Barahona, Gontrán Villalobos Sánchez, Felipe de Jesús Colorado González, Xavier Moya García","doi":"10.1108/dpm-04-2020-0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-04-2020-0122","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe present study proposes the analysis of DRM strategies that had been implemented into subnational development plans and public policy instruments in the States of Chiapas and Tabasco, located in Southeast Mexico. It describes the methodological phases for the implementation of those strategies and the participatory process, with a multi-level approach, carried out with multiple stakeholders and UNDP advisory.Design/methodology/approachFor this research, two case studies were developed to highlight the factors which make successful DRM in development plans and policies. It included the compilation and review of documents generated by UNDP-PMR program on the mainstreaming process in the past four years, interviews with key actors in the states of Chiapas and Tabasco, such as governmental officers, national and international ONG's, UN agencies and rural communities' leaders.FindingsThe review of these case studies demonstrate that for developing countries like Mexico, the process to strengthening institutions setting, needs being present in the field and creating alliances and synergies to generate advocacy processes from a capacity development approach. Having not only an output approach in projects but also mainly an impact strategy, both at the local and the sectoral levels, along with a mid-term timeline and budget, are some of the hallmarks of UNDP-PMR program work.Originality/valueThis study showed two original experiences of mainstreaming DRM into subnational development policies in high risk contexts. These experiences had the participation of multiple stakeholders from local governments and communities. Nowadays, these two experiences are being implemented in the territories despite political administration changes in the last years.","PeriodicalId":47687,"journal":{"name":"Disaster Prevention and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"811-827"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/dpm-04-2020-0122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48731475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-emergency of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo: synergizing the preparedness and response measures with the sustainable development goals","authors":"J. Balikuddembe","doi":"10.1108/dpm-04-2020-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-04-2020-0116","url":null,"abstract":"Ebola outbreaks which have re-emerged in the Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) have continued to galvanize the regional and global attention. The outbreaks are likely to transcend borders and threaten the global health crisis, especially by ensuring the “healthy lives and to promote the well-being for all at all ages” which is grounded in the sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this regard, the present paper attempts to discuss the synergies between the SDGs and Ebola preparedness and response measures with a specific outlook on the in SDG.3 and the recent Ebola outbreak in the DRC. This aims at showing how the five (5) targets in SDG.3 can be prioritized and integrated in the Ebola preparedness and response measures taken against the battle of any sporadic health disasters and emergencies similar to Ebola. The targets include: end epidemics of infectious diseases; achieve universal health coverage; support research and the development of vaccines and medicines; increase health financing and recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce; and strengthen the capacity for early warnings, risk reduction and management. The paper ends by calling for an approach which elucidated an interaction between the environmental factors and countermeasures of responding to re-emergency and transmission of this deadly disease in the DRC and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":47687,"journal":{"name":"Disaster Prevention and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"649-662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/dpm-04-2020-0116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41975942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the mountain broke: disaster governance in Sierra Leone","authors":"S. Melis, D. Hilhorst","doi":"10.1108/dpm-03-2020-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-03-2020-0076","url":null,"abstract":"markdownabstract__Purpose:__ When a major landslide and floods devastated Freetown, Sierra Leone had just overcome the Ebola crisis, which had left its mark on socio-political relations between different disaster response actors. With international disaster response frameworks increasingly shifting to local ownership, the national government was expected to assume a coordinating role. However, in “post-conflict” settings such as Sierra Leone, intra-state and state–society relations are continuously being renegotiated. This study aimed to uncover the complexities of state-led disaster response in hybrid governance setting at national and community levels in the response to the 2017 landslide and floods. \u0000__Design/methodology/approach:__ During the four months of fieldwork in Freetown in 2017, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with various state, aid and societal actors were conducted. \u0000__Findings:__ The findings show that a response to policy building on the idea of a uniform state response did not take into account intra-state power politics or the complexity of Sierra Leone's hybrid governance. \u0000__Practical implications:__ This paper argues for a more nuanced debate in humanitarian governance and practice on the localisation of aid in post-conflict and fragile settings. \u0000__Originality/value:__ The study's findings contribute to the literature on the disaster–conflict nexus, identifying paradoxes of localised disaster response in an environment with strong national–local tensions. The study highlights intra-local state dynamics that are usually overlooked but have a great impact on the legitimacy of different state authorities in disaster response.","PeriodicalId":47687,"journal":{"name":"Disaster Prevention and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/dpm-03-2020-0076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49600489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the underlying risk factors of local communities in Chile","authors":"N. Silva, C. Mena","doi":"10.1108/dpm-04-2020-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-04-2020-0105","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of the instrument is to favour and strengthen, in a timely and relevant manner, the processes of design, planning, investment, execution and evaluation of various public and private initiatives in the territory, thereby strengthening the preventive, responsive and adaptive capacities of the communities, institutions and territory. The instrument allows the generation of a single single-community diagnosis, a definition of a baseline which leads to progress assessment at different levels and provides specific risk management recommendations to municipalities.Design/methodology/approachThe definition of the purpose and design of this tool was the result of the work in a year by a group of national experts from the public, private, organised civil society and academia members of the National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction. This initial stage has sought to capture the different sectoral visions with a multidimensional approach that considers the territorial differences cautioning that local governments are key actors to achieve risk reduction, and they are also the first respondents and responsible for managing their territory and community. In order to help local governments, to understand their situation, the experts’ group established that the assessment should consist of a guided self-diagnosis using a survey. The dimensions considered are as follows: governance, territorial planning, socio-economic and demographic conditions and climate change and natural resources. The four dimensions encompass in total 41 variables that are considered relevant for the disaster risk management discipline.FindingsThe rural to semiurban municipalities classified as medium or low development, according to the national standard, present a high-risk level in the dimension of territorial ordering. The municipalities that show a moderate to low dependence on the common municipal fund have a low risk in all the evaluated dimensions, related to greater financial autonomy and own or self-management of resources. The municipalities with low percentage of poverty by income are better evaluated in all the dimensions showing a low level of the Communal Underlying Risk Factors Index (CURFI). A high percentage of communes with a low level of the CURFI have low-urban growth in the last 15 years.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the main difficulties was raising awareness amongst the mayors that the reduction of the underlying factors does not necessarily imply monetary investment, understanding the scarcity of local government resources. The important thing was to sensitise them that the diagnosis per se was already a result to manage risk in their community.Practical implicationsTo be able to count for the first time in Chile with a methodology that allows diagnosing risk-based conditions and to target structural and non-structural measures aimed at reducing these factors in local governments. Additionally, it will be possible to monitor the redu","PeriodicalId":47687,"journal":{"name":"Disaster Prevention and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"681-696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/dpm-04-2020-0105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46347002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humanitarian WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) technologies: exploring recovery after recurring disasters in Assam, India","authors":"S. Krishnan","doi":"10.1108/dpm-02-2019-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-02-2019-0051","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a theoretical understanding of learning during recovery from recurring disasters when humanitarian organizations deploy WASH technologies using examples from 2012–2013 floods in Assam, Northeastern India.,A mixed methods study was conducted in Assam, where Oxfam had responded after 2012 floods and erosion. Two surveys (n1 = 313; and n2 = 279) in 2013, along with 38 semi-structured interviews, 18 household interviews and 23 focus group discussions (FGDs) were undertaken. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data were interpreted thematically.,One of the product-level innovations included raised platforms with WASH facilities as a preparedness measure for future floods, enabled by a co-learning approach. Social learning within community members provided contextual inputs, while Oxfam learnt through its institutionalized learning mechanisms, namely real-time evaluations, knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) surveys and strong monitoring mechanisms. Despite these measures, the precarity of such geographies remains a major concern in increasing vulnerability, and hence this study advocates for an approach towards innovation that equally emphasizes and advances learning within community groups as well as organizations so that lessons can be captured and revisited in future programmes and promote wider application.,This study is exploratory, and longitudinal in nature, although the data and findings are fairly representative of the target population, they do not imply causality and attribution. Since the study relies on a case study, there are limitations of how the findings could be generalized in other similar contexts.,This paper offers a new theoretical lens emphasizing context-specific understanding of short-term but rapid onset and cyclical emergencies resulting in local population displacement. It provides a bottom-up perspective on innovations and technologies deployed by external aid agencies as a commentary on recovery of community resilience from recurring disasters.,This paper reframes agency approaches in how they perceive community resilience and enable flood-affected and displaced communities to recover using innovations in WASH technologies.,This paper expands on the key lessons to be gleamed from the many interventions in humanitarian WASH technologies from learning perspective and benefits from reflections as a practitioner in the field.","PeriodicalId":47687,"journal":{"name":"Disaster Prevention and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"629-642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/dpm-02-2019-0051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46294484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The paradox of community involvement: rebuilding Minamisanriku","authors":"W. Cheek","doi":"10.1108/dpm-12-2019-0374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-12-2019-0374","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to identify the barriers to community participation in post-disaster reconstruction in Minamisanriku, Japan.,This paper utilizes the extended case method. 31 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with local residents as well as 15 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with professionals working on reconstruction efforts. Multiple site visits were made to conduct participant observation and ethnographic research. The data from these interviews and fieldwork were triangulated with archival research.,The results from this research show that at least six major barriers to community participation in post-disaster reconstruction were present in Minamisanriku. These barriers were: predetermined tsunami risk levels, a disaster reconstruction menu, existing patterns of government, construction of seawalls, an existing lack of participation and administrative mergers. These barriers were not a product of the disaster event itself, but rather of the pre-existing conditions in Minamisanriku, and Japan in general.,This study pinpoints the actually existing barriers to the worldwide call for participatory measures and community involvement in post-disaster reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":47687,"journal":{"name":"Disaster Prevention and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"893-907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/dpm-12-2019-0374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41666106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing capacities of local communities in a changing context in Nepal","authors":"M. Rolsted, E. Raju","doi":"10.1108/dpm-05-2020-0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-05-2020-0137","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe field study aimed at exploring how capacities are influenced by external factors in the context of community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR).Design/methodology/approachThe field study was conducted in a small rural area called Lapsibot in Lamjung district in Nepal. The article is based on a fieldwork conducted in April 2018. The different tools of data collection were inspired by the vulnerability and capacity assessment approach with a focus on various aspects of vulnerabilities and capacities with regard to disaster risk reduction (DRR) in Lapsibot.FindingsThe paper highlights that communities, in fact, need enhanced and extended capacities, not only existing inherent capacities, which are usually the main subject of capacity development in rural communities.Originality/valueWhile there is absolutely no question of strong capacities at the community level, this paper appeals for a more in-depth investigation of an extended notion of capacities, where the effects of the rapid changes and increasing impact of the outside world are taken into consideration.","PeriodicalId":47687,"journal":{"name":"Disaster Prevention and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/dpm-05-2020-0137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62063619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of post-disaster policies and relocation approaches: two communities from rural China","authors":"Yong Chen, Lulu He, Dan Zhou","doi":"10.1108/dpm-11-2019-0347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-11-2019-0347","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Post-disaster population resettlement is a complicated process, during which the restoration of livelihood and lifestyle plays a critical role in achieving a successful resettlement outcome. This paper attempts to examine how recovery policies and relocation approaches influence people's livelihood recovery and perception of wellbeing. It specifically investigates the role of farmland in producing a livelihood and maintaining a rural lifestyle among displaced people. Design/methodology/approach: Through face-to-face questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with rural residents displaced from their villages after the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China, this study presents both quantitative and qualitative evidence to investigate how post-disaster policies and particularly the availability of farmland influence people's recovery and their satisfaction with the post-resettlement life. Findings: Data suggest that availability of farmland, in spite of the size, makes big differences in post-disaster recovery because farmland provides resettled people with not only a livelihood to secure basic living but also a guarantee to maintain a rural lifestyle. Research limitations/implications: More samples are needed for analyzing factors that significantly influence disaster-displaced farmers' recovery and wellbeing post resettlement. Practical implications: This study can be used as an important reference for making plans for post-disaster recovery and population resettlement programs in other disaster-prone countries across the world. Originality/value: Land-based relocation is proposed as a desirable approach to addressing challenges of livelihood restoration amongst the resettled population in rural areas of developing countries.","PeriodicalId":47687,"journal":{"name":"Disaster Prevention and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/dpm-11-2019-0347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42597532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A neglected issue: informal settlements, urban development, and disaster risk reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"Vicente Sandoval, J. Sarmiento","doi":"10.1108/DPM-04-2020-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-04-2020-0115","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the state of informal settlements in Latin America and the Caribbean, and it explores potential relationships between informal settlements and national policies on urban development and disaster risk reduction, especially on how risk governance and disaster resilience are conceived and practiced by governments.,17 Habitat III National Reports issued during the preparatory process toward the New Urban Agenda in 2016 are analyzed using statistics and qualitative methods. Some quantitative variables, such as access to drinking water and sewerage in the region, are combined with qualitative data from references to the Sendai Framework and national urban policies in the mentioned reports. Countries in the study include Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.,Results show that the situation of informal settlements in the region is complex and presents two different realities that coexist: one group of countries in which provision of basic urban services poses great challenges for a significant proportion of the urban population, while the other group in which urban informality and precariousness persists despite better statistics. Risk governance and disaster resilience principles are scarcely articulated in existing urban development discourses in the region.,The preparatory process toward the New Urban Agenda allowed to conduct an original updated cross-country analysis and to identify cross-cutting issues on informality, risk reduction, and urban development in the region.","PeriodicalId":47687,"journal":{"name":"Disaster Prevention and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"731-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/DPM-04-2020-0115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44957777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting School’s Recovery and Resilience after the Chi-Chi earthquake","authors":"Jieh-Jiuh Wang","doi":"10.1108/dpm-09-2019-0311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-09-2019-0311","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeIn the current study, the researchers tracked the steps that were taken (in the past 20 years after the occurrence of the 921 earthquake) to enhance the safety of students and teachers on campus by rebuilding the schools according to higher standards. Additionally, the researchers analyzed the process of school reconstruction in Taiwan after the Chi-Chi earthquake, as well as the resilience of the rebuilt schools.Design/methodology/approachThis paper collected extensive relevant literature to serve as a basis for data analysis. Subsequently, they examined the conditions of selected schools before and after they were affected by the earthquake, as well as the reconstruction process of these schools. The purposive sampling method was also adopted to assemble a unique and representative sample.FindingsThis study concluded a new disaster risk reduction education system in Taiwan, from safe learning facilities, school disaster management and risk reduction and resilience education perspectives. It encouraged school and community collaboration regarding establishing a comprehensive disaster management framework.Originality/valueThe paper kept tracks of how schools recovered and restored after the 921 earthquake based on global disaster management trends and local disaster risk reduction education. It also highlighted the major changes within the school resilience system and the importance of disaster risk reduction education in Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":47687,"journal":{"name":"Disaster Prevention and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"609-627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/dpm-09-2019-0311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46100996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}