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Closing the Gap: An Analysis of Women's Representation in State Legislatures and the Gender Pay Gap 缩小差距:妇女在州立法机构中的代表性和性别薪酬差距分析
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Legislative Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/lsq.12417
Laine P. Shay, Beth M. Rauhaus
{"title":"Closing the Gap: An Analysis of Women's Representation in State Legislatures and the Gender Pay Gap","authors":"Laine P. Shay,&nbsp;Beth M. Rauhaus","doi":"10.1111/lsq.12417","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsq.12417","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In several US state legislatures, the number of women lawmakers has recently reached unprecedented levels. This raises the following question: what are the policy consequences associated with an increase in women legislators? While legislative scholars have uncovered that an increase in representation through women state lawmakers can result in different policy outcomes, one outcome that has not been considered is the size of the gender wage gap. In this research note, we develop the theoretical linkage that connects gender representation in state legislatures to the level of pay inequality within a state. We test our theoretical expectation with two different measures of pay inequality at the state level using panel data. Our results suggest that an increase in women state lawmakers corresponds to a smaller wage gap between men and women within the state. These findings deepen our understanding of the importance of gender representation in state legislatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":47672,"journal":{"name":"Legislative Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46300272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Loyal Activists? Party Socialization and Dissenting Voting Behavior in Parliament 忠诚的活动家？政党社会化与议会异议投票行为
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Legislative Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.1111/lsq.12416
Philipp Mai, Georg Wenzelburger
{"title":"Loyal Activists? Party Socialization and Dissenting Voting Behavior in Parliament","authors":"Philipp Mai,&nbsp;Georg Wenzelburger","doi":"10.1111/lsq.12416","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsq.12416","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The question of why members of parliament (MPs) overwhelmingly toe the party line is receiving increasing scholarly attention. Adding to discipline-based approaches, party loyalty, that is, a feeling of allegiance not related to policy agreement or disciplinary pressures, is an important part of the explanation. In this article, we employ a more nuanced view on party loyalty than previous observational studies and conceptualize it as the result of socialization processes of most politicians into the structures of their party prior to their mandate. We test our argument quantitatively using data for whipped votes in the German Bundestag (1949–2017). The results support our propositions that MPs who didn't hold party offices prior to their mandate have a higher probability of vote defection and that the behavioral differences related to pre-parliamentary socialization vanish the longer MPs serve in parliament. Our work has important implications for research on intraparty politics, legislative behavior, and representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47672,"journal":{"name":"Legislative Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lsq.12416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42381228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Last Shall Be Last: Ethnic, Racial, and Nativist Bias in Distributive Politics 最后的应该是最后的：分配政治中的民族、种族和本土主义偏见
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Legislative Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1111/lsq.12413
Gerald Gamm, Thad Kousser
{"title":"The Last Shall Be Last: Ethnic, Racial, and Nativist Bias in Distributive Politics","authors":"Gerald Gamm,&nbsp;Thad Kousser","doi":"10.1111/lsq.12413","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsq.12413","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Examining historical budget and spending patterns from state legislatures, we show that inequality evident in other realms of American politics had a profound, dollars-and-cents, impact on the expenditures that flowed to political districts. Given the salience of race, class, and immigration status to American politics, we would expect that distributive spending reflects the same biases that shape voting patterns, representation, and policymaking. But, to our knowledge, this question has not previously been studied. Drawing on detailed, archival data from six states in the 1921–61 era, we uncover clear evidence of bias. Districts with more immigrants win significantly less money, controlling for a host of other factors. So do districts with large numbers of non-whites. Thus residents of districts dominated by native-born, Anglo constituencies receive more dollars than those in other districts, even when controlling for the identities of legislators and other characteristics of the districts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47672,"journal":{"name":"Legislative Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49604739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distinctive Voices: Political Speech, Rhetoric, and the Substantive Representation of Women in European Parliaments 独特的声音:政治演讲、修辞和欧洲议会中妇女的实质性代表
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Legislative Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1111/lsq.12410
Jens Wäckerle, Bruno Castanho Silva
{"title":"Distinctive Voices: Political Speech, Rhetoric, and the Substantive Representation of Women in European Parliaments","authors":"Jens Wäckerle,&nbsp;Bruno Castanho Silva","doi":"10.1111/lsq.12410","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsq.12410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the share of women in parliaments rises, increased attention is paid to how they substantively represent women. Meanwhile, the availability of parliamentary speech data has enabled researchers to dissect politicians’ rhetorical patterns. We combine these two literatures to ask whether rhetorical differences between men and women in parliament are connected to style, policy, and preferences of women voters. We apply machine-learning models to speeches from five West European parliaments (2000–18) to measure the femininity of the rhetoric used in each speech. Results show that women and men talk differently in parliament, and that this distinctiveness is due to both style and substance. Combining these results with public opinion surveys, we find that women MPs have the most distinctively “feminine” discourse on issues that are most salient to women in society. These findings showcase the direct connection between descriptive and substantive representation of women in contemporary democracies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47672,"journal":{"name":"Legislative Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lsq.12410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48256878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Ideological Positions and Committee Chair Appointments 意识形态立场与委员会主席任命
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Legislative Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1111/lsq.12414
Jochen Rehmert, Naofumi Fujimura
{"title":"Ideological Positions and Committee Chair Appointments","authors":"Jochen Rehmert,&nbsp;Naofumi Fujimura","doi":"10.1111/lsq.12414","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsq.12414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Committee chairs hold crucial positions in the legislative process and can push or quell legislative initiatives. While extant studies examine the formal powers and legislative consequences of committee chairs, we know less about their appointment. We examine who ruling parties (principal) appoint to committee chairs (agent) in order to minimize the risk of policy moving away from government positions. Using data from Japan (2003–2017) on the LDP, we test expectations derived from the principal-agent framework, conditional on committee type. Japan makes an ideal case to study intraparty chair appointments due to its coalitions' office-allocation patterns. We find that the party leadership appoints as chairs ideologically close MPs to committees with jurisdiction on high policy. However, we find no effect for chair appointments on particularistic committees. Using additional data on bill-amendment rates, we emphasize the legislative consequences of political appointments in the legislative process.</p>","PeriodicalId":47672,"journal":{"name":"Legislative Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44500059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foxes and Hedgehogs in Legislatures: Why Do Some MPs Become Policy Specialists and Others Generalists? 立法机构中的狐狸和刺猬:为什么一些议员成为政策专家，而另一些成为通才?
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Legislative Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.1111/lsq.12412
Javier Martínez-Cantó, Christian Breunig, Laura Chaqués-Bonafont
{"title":"Foxes and Hedgehogs in Legislatures: Why Do Some MPs Become Policy Specialists and Others Generalists?","authors":"Javier Martínez-Cantó,&nbsp;Christian Breunig,&nbsp;Laura Chaqués-Bonafont","doi":"10.1111/lsq.12412","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsq.12412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Which legislators become specialized in particular policy areas (hedgehogs), and which develop into policy generalists (foxes)? Instead of focusing on the individual characteristics of MPs, we build on institutionalist literature and argue that an MP's specialization arises from an interaction between MP and parliamentary leadership. These interactions generate demand for policy generalists depending on a leadership position, committee membership, government status, and parliamentary group size. Policy specialization is measured by how many different topics a legislator addresses in Parliament. Using data from Germany from 1998 to 2013, topic-coded parliamentary questions are combined with MPs' personal and partisan data. Descriptively, foxes are common in Germany and dominate in Parliament. The subsequent estimation indicates that policy specialists are related to government status and parliamentary group size.</p>","PeriodicalId":47672,"journal":{"name":"Legislative Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lsq.12412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42384003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Congressional Bargaining and the Distribution of Grants 国会议价和拨款分配
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Legislative Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.1111/lsq.12411
Leah Rosenstiel
{"title":"Congressional Bargaining and the Distribution of Grants","authors":"Leah Rosenstiel","doi":"10.1111/lsq.12411","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsq.12411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the United States, state and local governments receive over $700 billion annually in federal grants, yet relatively little is known about how Congress designs these programs. I formalize a theory of congressional bargaining over grants and test the theory using an original dataset of Senate amendments. The results suggest that congressional rules and political considerations shape, and at times distort, federal grant programs. While grant programs may be intended to improve education or provide health care, I find that members of Congress treat these programs as opportunities to procure more funding for their constituents. Further, I show how coalitions are shaped by the status quo policy and the distribution of population, poverty, and other demographic characteristics across states. These results have important implications for our understanding of the policymaking process and who benefits from federal programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47672,"journal":{"name":"Legislative Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47785498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
About the Authors 关于作者
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Legislative Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/lsq.12350
{"title":"About the Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/lsq.12350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47672,"journal":{"name":"Legislative Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72159512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Electing Women Reduce Corruption? A Regression Discontinuity Approach 选举妇女能减少腐败吗?一种回归不连续方法
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Legislative Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/lsq.12409
Miguel M. Pereira, Pablo Fernandez-Vazquez
{"title":"Does Electing Women Reduce Corruption? A Regression Discontinuity Approach","authors":"Miguel M. Pereira,&nbsp;Pablo Fernandez-Vazquez","doi":"10.1111/lsq.12409","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsq.12409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous studies uncovered a negative relationship between the proportion of women in public office and corruption. These findings have inspired anti-corruption programs around the world. It remains unclear, however, whether there is a causal link between the share of women in office and malfeasance. For instance, gender differences in political experience or access to corruption networks might explain this relationship. We leverage the gradual implementation of gender quotas in Spain to isolate the effects of female descriptive representation on public misconduct and adjudicate between alternative explanations. The analyses suggest a causal link between gender and malfeasance in office: the reform generated an exogenous increase in the share of women elected, which led to a decrease in corruption that was sustained over time. This finding enhances our understanding of the effect of public officials' characteristics on policy outcomes, and of the role of parity laws in promoting political change.</p>","PeriodicalId":47672,"journal":{"name":"Legislative Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lsq.12409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46753487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Geographical Representation Under a Single Nationwide District: The Case of the Netherlands 全国单一地区的地理代表性：以荷兰为例
IF 1.5 3区 社会学
Legislative Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/lsq.12408
Marijn Nagtzaam, Tom Louwerse
{"title":"Geographical Representation Under a Single Nationwide District: The Case of the Netherlands","authors":"Marijn Nagtzaam,&nbsp;Tom Louwerse","doi":"10.1111/lsq.12408","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsq.12408","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous studies have demonstrated the common occurrence of constituency focus in parliamentary questions, which is most often attributed to electoral incentives. If an electoral system makes use of a single nationwide district, however, these district-oriented electoral incentives do not apply. MPs may still substantively represent a geographical region, because they are motivated to stand up for a specific region for other reasons. This article explores the extent to which Dutch MPs pay attention in parliamentary questions and debates to specific regions. We find that those with stronger ties to a region, and especially MPs who reside in a region, are more likely to mention it in parliamentary questions and speeches. In addition, we find that this effect is stronger for provinces where regional attachment among residents is relatively stronger.</p>","PeriodicalId":47672,"journal":{"name":"Legislative Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lsq.12408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42043076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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