World Bank Research Observer最新文献_第7页

Using contingent valuation in the design of payments for environmental services mechanisms: a review and assessment 在设计环境服务支付机制时使用条件估值:审查和评估

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKS004

D. Whittington, S. Pagiola

引用次数: 89

What Can We Learn about the “Resource Curse” from Foreign Aid? 从对外援助中学到什么“资源诅咒”?

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2012-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKQ013

Kevin Morrison

{"title":"What Can We Learn about the “Resource Curse” from Foreign Aid?","authors":"Kevin Morrison","doi":"10.1093/WBRO/LKQ013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WBRO/LKQ013","url":null,"abstract":"A large body of literature has arisen in economics and political science analyzing the apparent \"resource curse\"--the tendency of countries with high levels of natural resources to exhibit worse economic and political outcomes. The author examines the purported causal mechanisms underlying this \"curse\" and shows that they all center on the revenue that these resources generate for the government. As such, it is not surprising that the most recent literature on the topic has demonstrated that, in the hands of a competent government, natural resources have no negative consequences and may actually have positive effects. The important question therefore is: What can be done in countries without effective governments? Policy proposals have centered on (a) taking the resources out of the hands of the government or (b) having the government commit to use the funds in certain ways. Neither of these has been particularly successful, which we might have predicted from research on another important nontax revenue source for developing countries: foreign aid. The close parallels between the foreign aid and \"resource curse\" literatures are reviewed, as are the lessons from the aid literature. These lessons suggest the need for an important change in approach toward poorly governed resource-rich countries. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.","PeriodicalId":47647,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Research Observer","volume":"97 1","pages":"52-73"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74822389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 58

Impact Analysis of Rural Electrification Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲农村电气化项目影响分析

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2012-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKQ008

Tanguy Bernard

引用次数: 192

Comments on “New Structural Economics” by Justin Yifu Lin 林毅夫《新结构经济学》述评

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKR010

A. Krueger

引用次数: 8

Comments on “New Structural Economics” by Justin Yifu Lin 林毅夫《新结构经济学》述评

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKR008

D. Rodrik

引用次数: 31

Gender and the business environment for new firm creation 性别与新企业创建的商业环境

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKP032

Leora F. Klapper, S. Parker

{"title":"Gender and the business environment for new firm creation","authors":"Leora F. Klapper, S. Parker","doi":"10.1093/WBRO/LKP032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WBRO/LKP032","url":null,"abstract":"The authors summarize the extant literature on the relationship between gender and entrepreneurship. They note significant quantitative gender differences in business entry, with male-owned firms heavily prevailing over firms owned by women in many parts of the world. They find that enterprises owned by men on the one hand and women on the other are generally concentrated in different sectors, women entrepreneurs being better represented in labor intensive sectors such as trade and services rather than capital intensive manufacturing industries. They also observe certain gender differentials in business survival and growth patterns. Yet an analysis of a large body of literature does not suggest that, in general, the so called \"gender gap\" in entrepreneurship can be explained by explicit discrimination in laws or regulations. Rather, differences in quantitative and qualitative indicators of business entry and performance can in part be explained by a number of business environment factors that disproportionately affect a woman's decision to operate a business in the formal sector. For example the concentration of women in low capital intensive industries--which require less funding and at the same time have a lower potential for growth and development--might also be driven by barriers against women regarding access to finance. Furthermore, women may have relatively less physical and \"reputational\" collateral than men, which limits their access to finance. Overall the literature suggests that improvements in the business environment can help promote high-growth female entrepreneurship. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.","PeriodicalId":47647,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Research Observer","volume":"78 1","pages":"237-257"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90292141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 335

Rethinking Development Economics 重新思考发展经济学

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKR011

J. Stiglitz

{"title":"Rethinking Development Economics","authors":"J. Stiglitz","doi":"10.1093/WBRO/LKR011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WBRO/LKR011","url":null,"abstract":"Twelve years ago, when I was chief economist of the World Bank, I suggested that the major challenge to development economics was learning the lessons of the previous several decades: a small group of countries, mostly in Asia, but a few in other regions, had had phenomenal success, beyond anything that had been anticipated by economists; while many other countries had experienced slow growth, or even worse, stagnation and decline—inconsistent with the standard models in economics which predicted convergence. The successful countries had followed policies that were markedly different from those of the Washington Consensus, though they shared some elements in common; those policies had not brought high growth, stability, or poverty reduction. Shortly after I left the World Bank, the crisis in Argentina—which had been held up as the poster child of the country that had followed Washington Consensus policies—reinforced the doubts about that strategy. The global financial crisis, too, has cast doubt over the neoclassical paradigm in advanced industrial countries, and rightly so. Much of development economics had been viewed as asking how developing countries could successfully transition toward the kinds of market-oriented policy frameworks that came to be called “American style capitalism.” The debate was not about the goal, but the path to that goal, with some advocating “shock therapy,” while others focused on pacing and sequencing—a more gradualist tack. The global financial crisis has now raised questions about that model even for developed countries. In this short essay, I want to argue that the long-term experiences in growth and stability of both developed and less developed countries, as well as the deeper theoretical understanding of the strengths and limitations of market economies, provide support for a “new structural” approach to development—an approach","PeriodicalId":47647,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Research Observer","volume":"16 1","pages":"230-236"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89633085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Corporate governance and performance around the world : What we know and what we don't 全球公司治理与绩效:我们知道什么，不知道什么

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKP030

Inessa Love

引用次数: 147

Urban Road Transportation Externalities: Costs and Choice of Policy Instruments 城市道路交通外部性:成本与政策工具选择

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKQ005

G. Timilsina, H. Dulal

{"title":"Urban Road Transportation Externalities: Costs and Choice of Policy Instruments","authors":"G. Timilsina, H. Dulal","doi":"10.1093/WBRO/LKQ005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WBRO/LKQ005","url":null,"abstract":"Urban transportation externalities are a key development challenge. Based on the existing literature, the authors illustrate the magnitudes of various external costs, re view response policies, and measure and discuss their selection, particularly focusing on the context of developing countries. They find that regulatory policy instruments aimed at reducing local air pollution have been introduced in most countries in the world. On the other hand, fiscal policy instruments aimed at reducing congestion or greenhouse gas emissions are limited mainly to industrialized economies. Although traditional fiscal instruments, such as fuel taxes and subsidies, are normally introduced for other purposes, they can also help to reduce externalities. Land use or urban planning, and infrastructure investment, could also contribute to reducing externalities; but they are expensive and play a small role in already developed megacities. The main factors that influence the choice of policy instruments include economic efficiency, equity, country or city specific priority, and institutional capacity for implementation. Multiple policy options need to be used simultaneously to reduce effectively the different externalities arising from urban road transportation because most policy options are not mutually exclusive.","PeriodicalId":47647,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Research Observer","volume":"18 1","pages":"162-191"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76374981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53

HIV Testing: Principles and Practice 艾滋病毒检测:原则和做法

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKP013

M. Gersovitz

引用次数: 24