Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ最新文献

{"title":"Antagonistic activity of some Herbaspirillum species against phytopathogenic micromycetes","authors":"Natalya S. Velichko, Natalya K. Kondyurina, Yulia P. Fedonenko","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-3-337-344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-3-337-344","url":null,"abstract":"A common problem of agriculture is damage from infectious plant diseases caused mainly by plant-pathogenic Alternaria, Helminthosporium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. Fusariosis is a harmful, widespread worldwide disease caused by Fusarium species, which leads not only to a decrease in yield but also to a deterioration in its quality as a result of the accumulation of mycotoxin waste products of fungi that are hazardous to human and animal health. Biocontrol is an environm entally friendly approach to using microorganisms to control plant diseases. The use of antagonists is one of the ways to reduce the harmfulness of phytopathogens. Interest in such organisms has increased in recent decades due to the accumulation of negative consequences from the long-term use of chemical protection agents with a lack of organic fertilizers. The paper presents the results of assessing the biological activity of collection strains of bacteria of the genus Herbaspirillum with field strains of filamentous fungi of the genus Fusarium. Based on the primary screening of representatives of different species of Herbaspirillum for antagonism against natural isolates of Fusarium by the method characterizing their bio-fungicidal activity. The results of this work can be used in environmentally friendly, highly productive, and competitive biopreparations in adaptive farming, capable of controlling the Fusarium of the most important crops and activating plant defence systems.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence: Mythologies of social studies","authors":"Artur A. Dydrov","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-262-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-262-266","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The social integration of complex technologies is constantly accompanied by the mythologization of innovations and the creation of special discourses that function on the basis of secondary semiotic systems. Traditionally, the trend is associated with philistine (user) discursive practices. The hypothesis of the study is that mythologization is a complex process that takes place not only within the boundaries of non-professional communities, but also in the scientific world. Theoretical analysis. The technological mythology originated in the West in the context of the social sciences and has a predominantly empirical research background. Today several variations of the conceptualization of mythology in relation to technologies have been developed, which need to be significantly supplemented and refined. Empirical analysis. The general research method is the content analysis of the Scopus scientific database in the field of social sciences. The focus was on the topic of artificial intelligence as the main convergent technology. The reference base includes scientific papers for the decade (2010–2020), united by the theme, the subject and keywords. Conclusion. Research practices in the field of artificial intelligence have almost 60 years of history, which allows us to compare the results of analytics in the future, identify genetic patterns and features of scientific discourse, contrast the results of the analysis of Western content and Russian one, by identifying key discursive specifications.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies of psychological influence of online groomer on the minor victim in the situation of online sexual harassment","authors":"Konstantin A. Kiselev","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-313-317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-313-317","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is devoted to the socio-psychological phenomenon of psychological influence of online groomer on the victim in the situation of online sexual harassment. Theoretical analysis. In general, online sexual harassment refers to unwanted messages that include verbal and photo-visual information of sexual nature. It is noted that the concept of online sexual grooming is identified with this phenomenon. Empirical analysis. In the study, respondents (N=170) answered an anonymous questionnaire about online sexual grooming they had experienced when they were underage. In most cases, online groomers are adults, aware of the victim’s age, focusing mostly on the girls aged 10–12 (35.9% of cases) and 13–15 years old (44.1% of cases). Conclusion. The most significant strategies of psychological influence on the victim of online grooming include the use of flattery and compliments, as well as manipulation of such psychological features of the target of harassment as curiosity and lack of understanding of correct behavior patterns. Sexual online groomers predominantly target minors between the ages of 10 and 15. It is typical for these victims to conceal from their parents the facts of their abuse by groomers.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The purpose of non-classical art as a philosophical problem (based on the philosophy of V. S. Solovyov, S. N. Bulgakov and N. A. Berdyaev)","authors":"Olga V. Shchekaleva","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-298-302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-298-302","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the modern world, the problem of the purpose of art remains relevant due to the emergence of various forms of non-classical art. Modernism and postmodernism differ from classical art, therefore it is inappropriate to transfer the purpose of classical art to these movements without a deep analysis. It seems reasonable for the analysis of non-classical art to consider it through the spectacles of Russian religious philosophy. Theoretical analysis. Representatives of the philosophy of unity and the representative of religious existentialism N. A. Berdyaev wrote about the purpose of classical art. The question arises: what is the purpose of non-classical art – modernism and postmodernism? The philosophers themselves – V. S. Solovyov, S. N. Bulgakov, N. A. Berdyaev analyzed works of classical art and modernist works. The author analyzes the artifacts of postmodern art through the spectacles of Russian religious philosophy. Conclusion. For a deep analysis of works of non-classical art, the criteria developed in the philosophy of unity should be used, since any work of art can be evaluated for the author’s desire to realize unity and from the point of view of actualization of eternal ideas. It is also possible to use the concept of Berdyaev’s creativity for the analysis of modernism, but this concept is not applicable for evaluating the art of postmodernism.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Ah, what is moving there along the river…” To the 95th anniversary of the VI Congress of the Russian Association of Physicists","authors":"V. M. Anikin, D. V. Churochkin, S. V. Churochkina","doi":"10.18500/1817-3020-2023-23-3-265-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1817-3020-2023-23-3-265-280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microextraction preconcentration with nonionic surfactants and colorometric determination of phenol","authors":"Elena A. Chebotareva, Elmira I. Tsygulyova, Sergei Yu. Doronin","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-3-289-298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-3-289-298","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction of the tungsten blue complex formed by the reaction of phenol with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) in the presence of a nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 in alkaline medium using the methodology of micellar extraction based on «clouding point» has been studied for the first time. Aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate were used to create pH and as a desalting agent. The latter, having a desalting effect, promotes phase separation in the system under study into a micellar phase saturated with surfactant (Triton X-100) and an aqueous phase depleted in surfactant without additional heating at room temperature. Optimal conditions for micellar phenol extraction were determined: FCR (0,2 n.) – Na2CO3 (6%) – Triton X-100 (2%) – Na2SO4 (3,2%). It is shown that micellar-saturated phases of Triton X-100 effectively extract the analytical form (tungsten blue complex), can be proposed for extraction-spectrophotometric and colorimetric determination of phenol. So, for the spectrophotometric determination of phenol (λmax= 760 nm), the Beer-Bouguer-Lambert law obeys an equation of the form: y = 0,0007x – 0,0079, R2 = 0,997. The range of defined contents is in the interval 7·10-7 – 6·10-5 M. A technique for the colorimetric determination of phenol in aqueous media (channel R) has been developed. The intensity of the chromaticity channel R (IR) linearly depends on pc(phenol) in accordance with the equation: y = 95,0x – 455; R2 = 0,997. The range of defined contents is in the interval 7·10-7 – 1·10-5 M. The profiles of the petal diagrams in the RGB CMYK color coordinates are constructed, the dependences of their area are obtained (S) and perimeter (P) from -lgc : (perimeter (P) y = 150x – 284; R2 = 0,994; area (S) y = 17710x – 66930; R2 = 0,994).","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"337 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of salinity on the morphogenesis of seedlings of introgressive lines of spring bread wheat with genetic material Aegilops columnaris","authors":"Iuliia V. Dashtoian, Alla V. Kalinina, Valeria V. Korobko","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-3-308-317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-3-308-317","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of the genetic material of wild-growing species into the genome of cultivated plants can significantly expand the diversity of breeding material. For the effective use of introgressive plants, it is necessary to study their economically valuable traits and adaptive capabilities. The objective of the work is to study the effect of two types of salinity on the morphogenesis of seedlings of introgressive lines of spring bread wheat containing the genetic material of Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. The objects of study are seedlings of spring bread wheat of the Dobrynya variety and seedlings of introgressive lines of spring bread wheat, created in the laboratory of genetics and cytology of the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region on the basis of the Dobrynya variety and Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. Cultivation of plants was carried out on solutions of sodium chloride and sulfate; the concentrations of the solutions corresponded to an osmotic pressure of 7 atm. The effect of salinity on growth was assessed by the following indicators: root index value, root-to-shoot ratio of seedlings, length of the first leaf, and number of roots of seven-day-old seedlings. Among the studied introgressive lines of spring bread wheat, the highest resistance to the action of sodium chloride is characteristic of seedlings of lines L1946/1 (6A(6U); T4BS/T4BL-1D; 3AL with terminal C-band), L1882/2 (monosomic addition 2/4/ 7X), L2021/4 (5D(5X)6D(6X); terminal transl. 3DL) and L2021/2 (5D(5X)6A(6X)). Seedlings of lines L1882/2 (monosomic addition 2/4/7X) and L2028/3 (5D(5X)) showed resistance to sulfate salinity. Seedlings of line L2028/3 (5D(5X)) are slightly inferior to seedlings of the Dobrynya variety in the length of the first leaf under conditions of chloride salinization, and line L2021/4 is inferior in terms of root supply under conditions of sulfate salinity (5D(5X)6D(6X); terminal transl. 3DL). The results obtained allow us to conclude that the indicated changes in the genome have a positive or no negative effect on the salt tolerance of common wheat. The pronounced negative effect of chloride and sulfate salinity on the studied morphometric parameters was found in plants of the line L1721/2 (6A(6Udel); T4BS/T4BL-1D), which suggests that such a change in the genome negatively affects the salt tolerance of bread wheat.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of professional culture development for future head of an educational organization","authors":"Alina S. Bolshakova","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-349-353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-349-353","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of professional culture development for future head of an educational organization is relevant and associated with the need for an organization leader to act as a carrier of professional culture, who is willing and able to productively solve managerial professional tasks in accordance with the demands and challenges of the modern educational system. Theoretical analysis. The article views several aspects of the process of professional culture development of the future head of an educational organization from various positions, each of which focuses on its individual aspect and reveals its understanding. The problem under study has been modernized based on the analysis of studies devoted to professional culture and its formation, indicating that high level of its development in the leader acts as a guarantor of effectiveness of not only his/her own managerial activities, but also the activities and functioning of the entire educational organization. Within the framework of the study we searched for different aspects concerning understanding of the process of professional culture development in a future leader of an educational organization using the synergistic approach, interaction of general and professional cultures, presence of creativity in managerial activities, and formation of professional competence of an educational organization head. Conclusion. The development aspects described in the article are necessary for the head of an educational organization for effective formation of his/her professional culture.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of the ethnic identity development in the childhood: Analysis of ethnic autobiographies of high school students","authors":"Valentina V. Gritsenko, Nadezhda V. Murashcenkova, Maria N. Efremenkova","doi":"10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-3-246-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-3-246-255","url":null,"abstract":"The contradiction between the necessity to identify the resource potential of ethnic identity in modern conditions, on the one hand, and the contradictory data on its development in persons whose socialization takes place in an ethnically homogeneous environment, on the other hand, makes the study issue relevant. The research purpose: a retrospective study of the ethnic identity development in high school students living in a mono-ethnic Russian region – the Smolensk region. Research questions: At what age do children living in a mono-ethnic environment acquire the first information about their own and other ethnic groups? How do children feel about their ethnic group in the process of identifying with it? What is the role of the family in shaping the ethnic identity of children? The study participants are 185 secondary school students from Smolensk who identify themselves as Russians, aged from 15 to 18; the average age is 16.3 years old; 59.5% of them are females. The research methods (tools) used: the technique “Ethnic autobiography” (by P. V. Rumyantseva), aimed at studying the development of ethnic identity in the childhood. The processing of the research results was carried out with the help of frequency and content analysis methods. The research results: most of the students acquired their first knowledge of Russian and other ethnic groups at preschool and primary school age and experienced positive feelings about their ethnicity. A third of the high school students showed an indifferent attitude to their ethnicity. The contribution of the family to the ethnic identity development weakens in a situation where parents belong to different nationalities or when the children do not know their parents’ nationality. The main conclusions. Development of the ethnic identity of the majority of high school students, who live in a mono-ethnic Russian environment, takes place in the process of family upbringing, it is smooth, without any shocks and changes, it is characterized by a positive attitude towards their belonging to the Russian ethnic group. The indifferent attitude of some high school students to their ethnicity may, on the one hand, indicate its irrelevance and insignificance for children living in a mono–ethnic environment, and on the other hand, it can be considered as an indicator of a “hidden” identity that can be actualized under certain conditions. The research findings should be taken into account in order to increase the effectiveness of intercultural interaction and to develop national civil Russian consolidation.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the learning environment of a cadet boarding school as a potential for self-realization of pupils","authors":"Lyubov P. Shustova, Elena V. Kamaeva, Alexander P. Fayzrakhmanov","doi":"10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-3-256-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-3-256-266","url":null,"abstract":"The research is relevant because there are not enough studies investigating the potential of cadet institutions’ learning environment regarding its impact on pupils’ self-realization. The purpose of the research is to study a set of conditions of the learning environment of a cadet boarding school that shape pupils’ self-realization. Hypothesis: successful self-realization of cadets at a boarding school depends on three factors: modeling of the learning environment (it should include theoretical and methodological justification, identification of resources and conditions for successful self-realization of cadets), determination of criteria, indicators and diagnostic tools, and development and testing of extracurricular activities, additional education programs, innovative technologies, methods, forms and socio-cultural practices. The study is designed to last three years (2021–2024). Methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature; analysis and synthesis of teachers’ experience in cadet boarding schools; modeling of the learning environment of a cadet boarding school. The theoretical model includes such components of the learning environment of a cadet boarding school as conceptual, resource-environmental, motivational-value, contentactivity and evaluative-effective. Participation in projects is considered to be a leading activity that provides cadets with opportunities for self-realization. To study self-realization, the authors’ questionnaire “The study of self-realization of cadets in the learning environment of a cadet boarding school” was developed (the authors are E. V. Kamaeva, L. P. Shustova, N. A. Lobankova). This questionnaire diagnoses pupils’ satisfaction with the conditions of the learning environment in a cadet boarding school in terms of their self-realization in various activities. Results: the authors have carried out a theoretical analysis of the problem of how to create a learning environment in cadet institutions; the authors have also identified the resources and conditions for successful self-realization of pupils at a cadet boarding school; additionally, the authors have determined the criteria and indicators to monitor the effectiveness of this process as well as the directions and content of cadet self-realization activities. Main conclusions: modeling the learning environment of a cadet boarding school and testing it in practice will contribute to the successful development of the processes of personal and professional self-determination of cadets and their self-realization in various types of socially useful activities. The educational-methodical and scientific-methodical support of the process of self-realization of pupils at a cadet boarding school developed on the basis of the pedagogical model can be used to create the learning environment in cadet institutions of the Ulyanovsk region and Russia.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}