Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ最新文献

{"title":"Manifest and latent social groups: Phenomenon, evolution, determinants. Part 2","authors":"Vladimir A. Tolochek","doi":"10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-2-137-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-2-137-148","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to study the features of the social environment as potential conditions for the formation, functioning and evolution of latent social groups. Hypotheses: 1) there are pre-forms of social alliances of people (which can be tentatively called latent social groups); 2) different conditions of a subject’s external and internal environment (including features perceived by a person as subjectively significant for them in relation to certain life goals) might be the reasons why the pre-forms appear. The methods of the research are as follows: theoretical and categorical analysis, the study of literary sources, empirical research (questionnaires), multidimensional methods of parametric statistics. According to the author’s methodology (questionnaire “Dynamics of professional life style” – DPLS), respondents assessed the following variables: the role conditions of the social environment play as “factors of professionalism”, and the dynamics of their professionalism from 20 to 65 years (retrospectively to the current age and prospectively – predicting the dynamics of subsequent evolution); their socio-demographic and official characteristics were also recorded. 482 employees, men and women aged 30 to 50 years (132 civil servants, 129 engineers and heads of departments of manufacturing plants, 221 managers) were interviewed as participants of the study. The total sample was divided into groups several times. As criteria for division, relative characteristics (calculated by the formulas) of “career speed”, “managerial experience”, “family life experience” were used. The results of the empirical study confirm the working hypotheses. When dividing the sample according to different criteria – both obvious (men / women, specialists / managers, etc.) and relative, the groups differ significantly in a number of variables (environmental conditions marked as “factors of professionalism”). Conclusion: in one social space-time, different social alliances, structures, to a greater or lesser extent of their expression (manifestation), development, and active functioning as social groups can coexist. There are reasons to single out the phenomenon of latent social groups (LSG) as pre-forms of manifest social groups with subsequent different trajectories of their possible development. LSG are possible alliances of people who are similar to each other in a number of important aspects of life (value orientations, lifestyle, etc.), and who are potentially capable of integration and interaction (to achieve common goals, to establish comfortable interpersonal communication, to maintain typical patterns of behavior, etc.). LGS are the pre-stages of various social structures representing their possible formation and development. Representatives of some latent social groups differ from others both in terms of their preference and recognition of the role of individual environmental conditions and individual social spaces (parental family, their family, wor","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136287210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of adsorption of cadmium ions from solutions on natural and modified diatomites","authors":"Dmitry E. Boriskov, Sania Yu. Efremova, Nadezhda А. Komarova","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-1-70-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-1-70-76","url":null,"abstract":"The search for new technologies for the purification of natural and waste water does not lose its relevance. Biologically, heavy metals are among the most dangerous pollutants. The highest toxicity among them has cadmium, causing serious environmental problems during technogenic pollution of the aquatic environment, and its extraction is an urgent task. The analysis of foreign studies on the extraction of cadmium ions is carried out. The adsorption of cadmium has been studied by many authors and described in many works on kaolin oxides / iron hydroxides, in contrast to siliceous rocks. In this work, the use of the sorption method is proposed for the purification of wastewater from ions of heavy metals. The aim was to study the sorption activity of diatomite in relation to cadmium ions. The studies have been carried out under static conditions. The processes of physicochemical modification of diatomite for the extraction of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions have been investigated. The influence of time and pH on the value of sorption has been studied. The optimal conditions for sorption extraction have been determined. Adsorption isotherms have been constructed, and quantitative characteristics of the values of adsorption of cadmium ions on the surface of modified sorbents have been obtained. The fundamental possibility of using diatomites for the purification of cadmium-containing wastewater has been assessed. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that acid activation does not promote adsorption (even negative adsorption is observed), which confirms the mobility of cadmium in the low pH region, it can be assumed that only an increase in alkalinity to the possibility of formation of hydroxocadmium (CdOH)+. Thermal, shows stable adsorption in relation to Cd+2, which suggests the possibility of using such activation of cadmium diatomite and other metals, that is, with complex pollution.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"438 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135000107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}