Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ最新文献

{"title":"Usanov Dmitriy Alexandrovich – organizer of science and education, outstanding Soviet and Russian scientist and inventor","authors":"A. V. Skripal","doi":"10.18500/1817-3020-2023-23-3-281-289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1817-3020-2023-23-3-281-289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying Russian as a foreign language at a technical university in the aspect of a culturally-oriented approach","authors":"Irina V. Mikhailova","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-354-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-354-358","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article deals with the issue of studying the Russian language as a foreign language in a technical university in the aspect of a culturally oriented campaign. Theoretical analysis of the material on this issue allows us to note the relevance of this study and formulate a conclusion about the need to use a culturally oriented approach in a technical university, thanks to which foreigners can be adapted to a foreign-language socio-cultural environment. A number of problems are identified that impede the effective assimilation of the Russian language. Empirical analysis, based on the methods of practical observation and comparison of the level of foreign students’ language skills, allows us to identify the conditions for successful education of foreign students in Russian universities and some “difficulties”, overcoming which helps stimulate the learning process. The special role of the teacher of Russian as a foreign language is determined. As an illustrative example, a brief description of the preparation of a practical excursion is given, which allows foreign students to immerse themselves in a foreign culture. In conclusion it is concluded that a culturally oriented approach is one of the main ones in teaching foreign students the Russian language, as it forms foreigners’ respect for a foreign culture and contributes to the comprehensive development of the individual.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurohistoricism as an imitative reality: Special features of the formation of visual images of Russian cities using neural networks","authors":"Anton N. Fortunatov","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-293-297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-293-297","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the media reality, there is no reflection of the subject about the causes of the emergence of media objects. The media offer a fait accompli. In response, a person uses a unique property of his consciousness - the ability to build a consistent picture of the world from disparate elements, overcoming the discreteness of technologies. Theoretical analysis. Neural networks are trying to turn a person into a passive consumer of an already assembled picture of the world. However, artificial intelligence is entirely dependent on the text as a material product devoid of subjectivity, which manifests not only the “death of the author”, but also the destruction of meanings. History in the interpretation of neural networks appears in the form of funny comics. As a result, mystical worlds arise that have nothing to do with the real events of the past. This is neurohistoricism. Empirical analysis. In presentations of Russian cities in the form of portraits of people, neural networks destroy classical history as a space of reflection. The impersonality and vulgarity of presentations can be interpreted not only as a result of incorrect wording of the task by the customer, but also as an antagonism between artificial intelligence and real human consciousness. Conclusion. Neurohistoricism opposes history as a process, as an essential element of human self-consciousness.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of modern university teacher training: The problem of unity and variability of the educational space","authors":"Svetlana А. Pisareva, Alla P. Tryapitsyna","doi":"10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-3-196-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-3-196-208","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the analysis of the current state of university teacher training is determined by the necessity to generalize the practical experience that has been developed as a result of the permanent reforming of the higher pedagogical education in the Russian Federation. The study purpose is to identify the features of the system of higher pedagogical education in Russia. This system has developed as a result of the implementation of various modernization projects in the 21st century. The context of the analysis includes the practice developed at the initiative of the Ministry of Education in order to ensure the unity of the educational space for the pedagogical teacher training (“The Core of Higher Pedagogical Education”). The study shows that the modern system of higher pedagogical education, which has a single institutional basis, is built variably from the point of view of the content in universities of different departmental subordination. This, thereby, creates real difficulties in the development of a single teacher-training educational space. The study sample includes experts who are university teachers (n = 55) and school teachers of different subject areas (n = 802) of different ages from different regions of Russia. The study methods (tools) are the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of primary data, case analysis of the largest teacher-training universities. Sources of analysis: 1) the data of monitoring universities (2022), which is presented on the open website “Higher Education Monitoring”, 2) cases of the largest teacher-training universities of various departmental subordination, 3) expert assessments by university and school teachers. The results. It has been found out that a distributed model of teacher training in universities of various departmental subordination has developed in Russia as a result of the permanent reforming of pedagogical education throughout the 21st century. This, in turn, contributes to the development of the environment of variability in the search for concepts and technologies in providing pedagogical education. The main conclusions. The study has revealed that there is a contradiction between the objective necessity to preserve the autonomy of universities in terms of conceptualization, design, realization of scientific and educational activities and the idea of developing unified approaches to the structure and content of teacher training (“The Core of Higher Pedagogical Education”). The results obtained are relevant for the coordination of methodological guidelines for further development of the system of higher pedagogical education by the scientific and professional community. This can serve as the basis for developing common approaches to ensuring the unity of teacher training in universities of various departmental subordination.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual psychological prerequisites for self-realization of IT specialists","authors":"Sergey I. Kudinov, Evgeniya N. Belyaeva","doi":"10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-3-215-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2023-12-3-215-226","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the poor development of the problem of professional self-realization of IT specialists. The specificity of the professional activity of this category of employees imposes special requirements on their individual psychological characteristics, which ensure the success of self-realization of specialists engaged in information and computer activities. Purpose: to identify the specifics of self-realization of IT professionals with different individual typological features. Hypothesis: a set of certain individual-personal characteristics forms different individual-psychological types of IT specialists, which act as a prerequisite for professional self-realization of the subject of this profession. Participants: employees of leading Russian IT companies (Moscow) (N = 154) – 42 women and 112 men aged 22 to 44 (average age 32.09±5.71). Methods (tools). To study the individual and personal characteristics of IT specialists, the following were involved: “IndividualTypological Questionnaire – ITQ” (L. N. Sobchik), “Personality Questionnaire – EPI” (G. Eysenck), questionnaire “Strategies for Coping with Stressful Situations - SACS” (S. Hobfall). When identifying the specifics of self-realization of IT specialists with different individual typological features, the “Multidimensional Questionnaire of Personal Self-Realization” (S. I. Kudinov) was used. Results: it was found that such characteristics as “anxiety”, “sthenicity”, “extraversion” and “lability” are leading ones in the structure of individual traits of IT-specialists. The dominant coping strategies of IT-specialists are “entering into social contact”, “search for social support”, “cautious actions”. As a result of cluster analysis, three types of individuality of IT-specialists were identified and characterized: “introverted-confident”, “extroverted-active”, “extraverted-prosocial”. According to the results of a comparative analysis the data on the configuration of the types of self-realization in each cluster are presented. It has been established that specialists of the “introverted-confident” type demonstrate the highest rates in all types of self-realization: personal, social and professional. This allows us to consider this type of personality as the main predictor of effective self-realization of IT specialist’s personality. Main conclusions: 1) there is a certain specificity in the manifestation of self-realization of IT specialists with different individual typological features; 2) the practical significance of the study is emphasized in the context of psychological support for the professional self-realization of IT specialists, taking into account their personal characteristics.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relational aspect of non-emotionality","authors":"Zhanna Yu. Bakaeva, Irina V. Steklova","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-254-257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-254-257","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article presents the relational aspect of non-emotionality as a type of cognition and scientific development of reality in particular. The focus is on non-emotional states that influence scientific activity and characterize the modern type of scientific rationality, as well as the relational concept of time. The aim of the research in this regard is to study the ontological sources of the phenomenon of non-emotionality, the conditions and relationships that lead to creative solutions. Theoretical analysis. The relational approach allows us to explore the possibilities of the mind in a state of emotionlessness both in scientific activity and in the cognitive process as a whole. Non-emotionality performs signaling and regulatory functions, which are expressed, firstly, in the fact that the absence of feelings arises in connection with the specifics of the surrounding reality or together with changes in the human body, and, secondly, unemotionality helps to overcome emerging barriers and prevents unwanted activity, that is, the regulatory mechanisms of non-emotionality can contribute to both the growth of emotionality and remove its excess right up to a complete blockage. Conclusion. The relational analysis of the phenomenon of non-emotionality reveals the possibilities of the human mind in special states of unemotionality to carry out creative activity, to get out of extreme situations when solving research problems in scientific activity.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of subjective feeling of social support in women with oncological diseases of the reproductive system","authors":"Maria M. Orlova","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-318-325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-318-325","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The relevance of the study of predictors of subjective feeling of social support in cancer patients lies in the prevalence and social significance of this disease with a pronounced vital threat. Theoretical analysis. The concept of “disease situation” is ambiguous, it includes difficulties associated with the course of the disease, its social consequences, and the social support available to patients as a possible resource. This implies the need to consider this resource and the factors of its effectiveness. Empirical analysis. In this article, using the example of patients with oncological diseases of the reproductive system, the connection is established between the subjective feeling of social support, characteristics of self-attitude, adaptation strategies of healthy and sick women. Conclusion. For this group of women, the high importance of cooperation with the social environment, the proximity of emotional contacts, the desire to rely on the resources of others and be needed for them was revealed. The main predictors of the subjective feeling of social support for sick women were: acceptance of the situation and acceptance of themselves in this situation. Healthy women are more likely to rely on their own activity and responsibility. The results obtained indicate a pronounced mobilization of the personality of sick women. This also allows them to build relationships with loved ones.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric сharacteristics of the “Appropriateness of professional self-determination” Scale","authors":"Anna Yu. Smirnova","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-336-342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-336-342","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The concept of appropriateness of professional self-determination is analyzed, approaches to its analysis and measurement are described. Theoretical analysis. The significance of self-assessment of appropriateness of professional self-determination as a condition of sustainability to frequent stresses and prevention of professional burnout, including emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of personnel. Еmpirical analysis. The empirical study presents the results of the validation of the “Appropriateness of professional self-determination” Scale, developed by the author of the article. The empirical research base includes 396 workers, 277 men and 119 women. The performed in the study verification of the factor structure of the Scale confirmed its two-factor structure (subscale “Compliance of personal qualities of the job`s demands” (Cronbach`s α = 0.82) and subscale “Compliance of job of personal qualities” (Cronbach`s α. = 0.63)). The factor structure of the Scale was confirmed by the results of confirmatory factor analysis (RMSEA = 0.061, CFI = 0.964, TLI = 0.906). It was found that male workers and female workers evaluate their own appropriateness of professional self-determination in the same way. Negative correlations of appropriateness of professional self-determination with professional burnout, frequency of stresses and positive correlations with job satisfaction were revealed. Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the validity of the Appropriateness of Professional self-determination Scale, contribute the theoretical reflection of professional self-determination.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of critical thinking components in cadets in the process of learning Russian as a foreign language","authors":"Irina S. Savina","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-359-364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-359-364","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the tasks of modern education is the formation of the competencies of the «Systemic and Critical Thinking» group. Theoretical analysis. The article reveals the meaning of the concept of critical thinking, highlights its components and substantiates the significance of the development of this thinking in the cadets of the preparatory course, since it is during this period that the skills of working with scientific literature written in Russian are laid. Empirical analysis. These methods and techniques of working with didactic material based on the texts of the disciplines of the professional cycle made it possible to increase not only interest in learning the Russian language, but also to prepare students for the analytical reading of textbooks, which contributes to the development of critical thinking. Conclusion. The article presents arguments proving the importance of the development of critical thinking in military personnel, since the study of scientific and methodological literature led to the conclusion that, first of all, grammatical skills are formed in the process of learning a language as a foreign one. Examples of tasks that form and develop the components of critical thinking are given, the methods used in the process of studying Russian as a foreign language are briefly substantiated, the purpose and objectives of studying this discipline are indicated. The article is advisory in nature, and its relevance is justified by the requirements of the educational standard of the specialty “Flight Operation and Application of Aviation Complexes”.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"M. McLuhan: Between medium and mediatization","authors":"Regina V. Penner","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-277-281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-277-281","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is devoted to the key ideas of the media theorist M. McLuhan. The Canadian culturologist and philologist conceptualized the advent of the era of a new, “electronic”, person and new electronic media. Theoretical analysis. M. McLuhan’s works, in a certain sense, shaped the direction and style of studying media in a social context, “The Mechanical Bride: Folklore of Industrial Man” (1951), “The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man” (1962), “Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man” (1964). According to his position, electronic media technologies can be understood as a medium, a means of communication. They have evolved from the simplest sound signals to signs on various surfaces (from rock art to the modern alphabet) and an electronic signal. Conclusion. Despite the inconsistency of the figure of M. McLuhan among media theorists, the view on electronic media, according to which the author offers a kind of “Renaissance”, turning prism, is of epistemological value, which, among other things, is used in the concept of the global village. The value of this idea is due to the tendency towards convergence of users of modern communication technologies (for example, social networks) and the media transformation of the era.","PeriodicalId":476403,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaâ seriâ","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}