Cognitive Processing最新文献

{"title":"APOE genotype, hippocampal volume, and cognitive reserve predict improvement by cognitive training in older adults without dementia: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Pedro Montejo Carrasco, Mercedes Montenegro-Peña, David Prada Crespo, Inmaculada Rodríguez Rojo, Ana Barabash Bustelo, Borja Montejo Rubio, Alberto Marcos Dolado, Fernando Maestú Unturbe, María Luisa Delgado Losada","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01202-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01202-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive training (CT) programs aim to improve cognitive performance and impede its decline. Thus, defining the characteristics of individuals who can benefit from these interventions is essential. Our objectives were to assess if the cognitive reserve (CR), APOE genotype (e4 carriers/non-carriers) and/or hippocampal volume might predict the effectiveness of a CT program. Participants were older adults without dementia (n = 226), randomized into parallel experimental and control groups. The assessment consisted of a neuropsychological protocol and additional data regarding total intracranial, gray matter, left/right hippocampus volume; APOE genotype; and Cognitive Reserve (CR). The intervention involved multifactorial CT (30 sessions, 90 min each), with an evaluation pre- and post-training (at six months); the control group simply following the center's routine activities. The primary outcome measures were the change in cognitive performance and the predictors of change. The results show that APOE-e4 non-carriers (79.1%) with a larger left hippocampal volume achieved better gains in semantic verbal fluency (R² = .19). Subjects with a larger CR and a greater gray matter volume better improved their processing speed (R² = .18). Age was correlated with the improvement in executive functions, such that older age predicts less improvement (R² = .07). Subjects with a larger left hippocampal volume achieved more significant gains in general cognitive performance (R² = .087). In conclusion, besides the program itself, the effectiveness of CT depends on age, biological factors like genotype and brain volume, and CR. Thus, to achieve better results through a CT, it is essential to consider the different characteristics of the participants, including genetic factors.Trial registration: Trial retrospectively registered on January 29th, 2020-(ClinicalTrials.gov -NCT04245579).</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"673-689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of an embodied intervention on responsibility: put a load on one's shoulder.","authors":"Sara Shahabifar, Aryan Yazdanpanah, Abdol-Hossein Vahabie","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01207-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01207-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Responsibility is an essential part of our social life. Although responsibility is an abstract concept, it can be represented with concrete ideas through conceptual metaphor. Expressions like \"carry a lot of responsibility,\" \"shoulder the responsibility\" shows that responsibility can be understood as a load on shoulder that one has to carry. Accordingly, this study tests the question that does putting a burden on one's shoulder makes him/her more responsible or not. In order to investigate this, on each trial, we asked participants to decide between risky situations that vary in magnitude, probability of win/lose, and the ambiguity level in two conditions: \"self\" and 'group.\" Each subject wears a vest with a load on each shoulder in half of the trials. As expected, Most of participants choose to defer on the group trials more than on the self-trials. This difference between numbers of deferring in group and self conditions is called responsibility aversion. Results indicate that responsibility aversion scores are lower (responsibility-taking was greater) in the state of wearing the vest than in the form of not wearing the vest significantly. We provided evidence that the abstract concept of responsibility is linked to bodily experiences of feeling load on the shoulder consistent with an embodied cognition theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"613-620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice-induced SNARC: evidence from a null-SNARC sample.","authors":"Ezgi Palaz, Hakan Çetinkaya, Zeynep Tuncali, Bengi Kamar, Seda Dural","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01198-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01198-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mental representation of numbers inherently involves a spatial organization, often positioning smaller numbers to the left and larger numbers to the right. The SNARC effect, characterized by faster responses to small numbers using the left hand and vice versa for large numbers, is typically attributed to this left-to-right oriented mental number line (MNL). However, the direction of the SNARC effect seems to rely on reading direction, with most research exploring these mechanisms conducted within left-to-right reading cultures where the SNARC effect is prevalent. This study takes advantage of a sample from a left-to-right reading culture that does not exhibit the SNARC effect, allowing us to isolate and elucidate the stand-alone effects of recent experiences on SNARC. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate how MNL-compatible and MNL-incompatible practices induce an effect within a sample lacking the SNARC effect. To accomplish this, we reinvited the individuals from the sample which had previously shown no SNARC, and retested those who agreed to take part in the current study after an MNL-compatible or MNL-incompatible practice manipulation. The findings revealed an absence of the SNARC effect with MNL-compatible practices. Conversely, MNL-incompatible practices yielded a reverse SNARC effect. These results prompt a discussion on SNARC mechanisms within the framework of practice effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"601-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive entailments among \"the true, the good, the beautiful\": a mainland Chinese sample.","authors":"Xinchi Yu, Ernst Pöppel, Weidong Zhan, Yan Bao","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01200-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01200-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Philosophers and cognitive scientists have long debated about the entailments among \"the true, the good, the beautiful\" (TGB hereafter). In the current article, we directly probed mainland Chinese subjects' cognitive entailment among TGB. Using 1-7 (Experiment 1) and 1-6 (Experiment 2) Likert scales, we convergently observed that mainland Chinese subjects tend to think that the beautiful is not the true, and that the good is the beautiful. Additionally, Experiment 1 also revealed that mainland Chinese subjects tend to think that the true is not the beautiful. Some of these results may reflect anthropological universals, and some others may reflect cultural specifics. Experiment 3 revealed that the most popular translation of TGB in Chinese into English is rather \"the true, the kind, the beautiful\", suggesting that the three concepts mapped to TGB in Chinese is not one-to-one mapped to the three concepts mapped to TGB in English. Therefore, caution should be exercised when making cross-linguistic or cross-cultural comparisons about TGB in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"647-654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the dual-memory framework: individual differences in the magnitude of the retrieval practice effect and fluid intelligence","authors":"Marcos Felipe Rodrigues de Lima, Luciano Grüdtner Buratto","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01228-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-024-01228-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Retrieving information from memory enhances long-term retention. In this manuscript, we describe the dual-memory framework, which makes interval-scale predictions of the magnitude of this <i>retrieval practice effect</i>. After outlining the framework, we use data from our laboratory—both at the group level and at the distribution level—to fit the equations from the dual-memory framework. Overall, we successfully fitted the model predictions to the observed average data. In addition, we compared the predicted and the observed distributions of performance in the retrieval practice condition. More importantly, we introduce a useful approach to simulate empirical scenarios and test the relationship between individual-difference variables and the retrieval practice effect. We illustrate the application of this approach using data from a study that measured fluid intelligence. Future studies may benefit from contrasting different strength-based frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of cognitive intervention program on intelligence scores in preschool","authors":"Hatice Kübra Koçak","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01224-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-024-01224-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dynamic assessment is an approach that aims to improve student performance through interventions. One of the important application areas of dynamic assessment is the assessment of intelligence. Within the scope of the study, after a Cognitive intervention program (CIP) was developed, its effects on intelligence scores were examined with a quasi-experimental research method. The CIP was prepared by adopting a dynamic assessment approach to improve the performance of students with expert support. This improvement would be provided by the clues and feedback given during the intervention within the scope of the CIP. The sample of the study included 173 students in the 5–6 age group (83 experimental group, 90 control group). The CIP developed by the researcher consisted of 54 worksheets and was applied to the experimental group for 9 weeks. The implementation of the worksheets was supervised by classroom teachers. The digital application of the Anadolu-Sak Intelligence Scale (d-ASIS) and Raven’s colored progressive matrices (RCPM) were applied to both the experimental and control groups as pretests and posttests. The increases in the intelligence scores of the experimental and control groups were analyzed by MANOVA. The analysis showed that the intelligence levels of the experimental group increased significantly more than the control group in terms of both d-ASIS and RCPM total gain scores (posttest to pretest). This result indicated that the CIP, which was developed by adopting a dynamic assessment approach, supported cognitive development.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts and authors of the 9th International Conference on Spatial Cognition: Segmentation and Binding in Spatial Cognition (ICSC 2024).","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01218-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01218-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"3-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How are segmentation and binding computed and represented in the brain?","authors":"Christoph von der Malsburg","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01214-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01214-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A programmatically described solution to the segmentation problem is taken as opportunity to dicuss the neural architecture problem of vision. At the center of this problem is the formation of holistic entities (the Gestalt phenomenon) out of masses of neurons (the binding problem). As formulated in the Dynamic Net Architecture (DNA), neurons can become part of a (short-term) stable state only if supported inside a coherent network ('net'). Integration into nets is the basis for global treatment of structures, such as recognition as rigid body or projection to an invariant model.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial memory and frames of reference: How deeply do we rely on the body and the environment?","authors":"Tina Iachini","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01211-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01211-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How do we mentally represent the world out there? Psychology, philosophy and neuroscience have given two classical answers: as a living space where we act and perceive, dependent on our bodies; as an enduring physical space with its feature, independent of our bodily interactions. The first would be based on egocentric frames of reference anchored to the body, while the second on allocentric frames of reference centred on the environment itself or on objects. This raises some questions concerning how deep the reliance on the body and the environment is when using these reference frames, and whether they are affected differently by the duration of time and the scale (small or large) of space. To answer these questions, I have brought empirical evidence of the effect of motor interference, blindness, environmental characteristics and temporal factors on egocentric and allocentric spatial representational capacity. The results suggest that egocentric representations are deeply rooted in the body, with its sensory and motor properties, and are closely linked to acting now in small-scale or peripersonal space. Allocentric representations are more influenced by environmental than by bodily characteristics, by visual than by motor properties, and seem particularly related to large-scale or extrapersonal space. In line with neurophysiological evidence and a Kantian perspective, it appears that we are endowed with an internal spatial representation system ready to structure environmental information for our purposes. To what extent this system is innate and pervasive in cognition and what is its relationship to the neural 'positioning' substrate discovered by O'Keefe and colleagues requires further scientific investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease using voxel based morphometry and radiomics.","authors":"S Sivaranjini, C M Sujatha","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01197-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01197-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with changes in the brain anatomical structures. The objective of this study, is to identify the atrophy patterns based on the severity of cognitive decline and evaluate the disease progression. In this study, gray matter alterations are analysed in 135 PD subjects under 3 cognitive domains (91 Cognitively normal PD (NC-PD), 25 PD with Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) and 19 PD with Dementia (PD-D)) by comparing them with 58 Healthy Control (HC) subjects. Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM) is used to segment the gray matter regions in magnetic resonance images and analyse the atrophy patterns statistically. Significant patterns of gray matter variations observed in the middle temporal and medial frontal region differentiate between HC and PD subject groups based on the severity of cognitive decline. Abnormalities in gray matter is substantiated through radiomic features extracted from the significant gray matter clusters. Significant radiomic features of the clusters are able to differentiate between the HC and PD-D subjects with an accuracy of 81.82%. Higher atrophy levels identified in PD-D subjects compared to NC-PD and PD-MCI group enables early diagnosis and treatment procedures. The combined and comprehensive analysis of gray matter alterations through VBM and radiomic features gives better assessment of cognitive impairment in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"521-532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}