International Journal of Health Planning and Management最新文献

{"title":"A Hybrid Fuzzy AHP-Fuzzy TOPSIS and GIS-Based Framework for Mobile Clinic Location Selection in Conflict Zones: A Case Study From Northern Syria.","authors":"Jamil Hallak, Palash Kamruzzaman, Sakire Nesli Demircioglu","doi":"10.1002/hpm.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Providing healthcare services in conflict-affected regions like northern Syria is a significant challenge due to ongoing conflict and massive displacement. Mobile clinics offer a flexible solution to meet the urgent healthcare needs of displaced communities. This study aims to develop a comprehensive evaluation framework for the optimal location selection of mobile clinics, integrating fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approaches, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and multi-scenario planning. We conducted surveys with 37 medical NGOs actively engaged in the Syrian health sector to identify key criteria for mobile clinic locations. Using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP), we weighted these criteria based on their importance. Spatial analysis with GIS provided a visual assessment of each potential location against these criteria, creating risk maps to guide decision-making. We applied the fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to evaluate and rank 51 candidate locations. Additionally, multi-scenario planning was employed to assess the performance of these locations under four potential conditions: current/continued instability (S1), conflict escalation (S2), flood risk (S3), and post-conflict recovery (S4). The results highlight strategic locations for mobile clinics, providing actionable insights for health authorities, NGOs, and donors. This framework offers a data-driven, adaptable solution for healthcare delivery in crisis zones, enhancing the strategic planning capabilities of humanitarian organisations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Economy of Budgeting Reforms: A Comparative Analysis of the Adoption and Implementation of Programme-Based Budgeting in Health Across Seven LMIC Countries.","authors":"Maria Paola Bertone, Helene Barroy, Susan Sparkes, Lucas Sempé, MyMai Yungrattanachai, Sophie Witter","doi":"10.1002/hpm.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite its widespread application in public financial management reforms across low- and middle-income countries, programme-based budgeting (PBB) implementation often remains relatively superficial. The technical weaknesses of the reform have been widely documented; however, the political economy dynamics around the introduction and implementation of PBB in the health sector have not been studied. This comparative case study analysis of seven low and middle-income countries (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Peru, Philippines, and South Africa) aims to unpack the political economy drivers of PBB reform in the health sector. The study draws from a global literature review, as well as documentary reviews and expert interviews in each of the seven study settings. Findings describe the policy processes relating to PBB introduction and implementation in the health sector, and provide a detailed, comparative stakeholder analysis and political economy analysis. This describes the position of the key actors in relation to PBB reform in health, which is explained by their interests and how PBB reform would impact them, and how they used their power to affect the PBB policy processes in health. Our analysis identifies political dynamics, processes and narratives that can be strategically leveraged to better inform PBB implementation in the health sector. It also underscores how the insights from political economy analysis can help to advance budgeting reforms in the health sector as part of overall health financing reforms in support of UHC agenda in low and middle-income settings, which experience has shown do not lend themselves to technical solutions alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralising HIV and TB Control Through District Leadership: Insights From the Governance Graduation Model (GGM) in Central Uganda.","authors":"Dedrix Stephenson Bindeeba, Jane Senyondo Nakaweesi, Mary Odiit, Yvonne Karamagi, Catherine Senyimba, Semei Christopher Mukama, Pallen Mugabe, Francis Muwayi","doi":"10.1002/hpm.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Governance Graduation Model (GGM), a district-led governance strengthening approach designed to improve health system performance for HIV and tuberculosis (TB) control in Uganda. Despite substantial national progress in HIV and TB outcomes, persistent weaknesses in district-level governance, planning, and coordination continue to constrain consistent service delivery and local sustainability. Using a longitudinal observational design, quantitative GGM scorecard data were collected from eight districts in the Mubende region at baseline, first follow-up, and second follow-up across eight governance and health system dimensions. Data were analysed in SPSS Version 26 using descriptive statistics and multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). By the second follow-up, seven of eight districts (87.5%) achieved the predefined graduation threshold (≥ 75%), indicating improved governance maturity and readiness for autonomous programme management. Mean governance and leadership scores increased from 64.3 at baseline to 93.9 at second follow-up, while planning and coordination improved from 52.4 to 81.9 and finance from 57.4 to 84.4. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed statistically significant improvements in governance and leadership (p < 0.001), planning and coordination (p = 0.005), and finance (p = 0.002). Supply chain management and health information management systems demonstrated positive but variable trends, while human resources for health and service delivery showed limited and inconsistent improvement. These findings indicate that district-led governance strengthening can enhance accountability and operational readiness in decentralised HIV and TB programs, although sustained investment in workforce and service delivery capacities remains essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying a Complexity Lens to Policy Implementation: How Feedback Loops Help to Understand Systems Change in Integrated Healthcare.","authors":"Andrew Passey, Peter van der Graaf","doi":"10.1002/hpm.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although a complexity theory lens can help to understand national policy implementation at a local government level, application of this lens often remains at a metaphorical level. We illustrate how complexity concepts, such as adaptation, feedback, emergence and co-evolution can be used practically in research on policy implementation using a UK case study (Future in Mind; FiM), aimed at improving school children's access to mental health services in a metropolitan borough in the North England.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We re-analysed interview data with staff from local government, National Health Service/mental health, schools, and the voluntary and community sector (n = 31 semi-structured interviews) involved in the implementation of FiM and coded this data in NVivo12 using complexity concepts as sensitising constructs.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We identified 5 feedback loops: two positives (1. Flexing the training offer; 2. New skills, knowledge and behaviour by non-specialist staff) and three negatives (3. Short termism, 4. Free rider behaviour, 5. Professional boundaries). These loops energised local adaptations of FiM by school and NHS staff, leading to system-level change (emergence), with the school system becoming more responsive to mental wellbeing needs of children and young people, and shifts across systems (co-evolution), by developing joint values and language between schools and NHS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrate the importance of positive and negative feedback loops for evidencing system-level change and shifts across systems. Our findings provide new insights into unintended consequences of policy implementation and starting positions for implementers to utilise feedback for generating impact. We argue for a blurring of boundaries between implementation and evaluation in policy research to optimise the use of feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital Management Models and Cancer Care Outcomes in Brazil: Evidence From a Staggered Difference-in-Differences Study in São Paulo.","authors":"Felipe Mendes Delpino, Francisco Tustumi, Marina Martins Siqueira, Gabriely Rangel Pereira, Lucas Hernandes Correa, Michael Anderson, Laia Maynou, Meskerem Aleka Kebede, Rachel Hargest, Nelson Wolosker, Rocco Friebel","doi":"10.1002/hpm.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The state of São Paulo pioneered the adoption of Social Health Organisations (SHOs) under Complementary Law No. 846/1998 that would allow private non-profit organisations to manage hospitals and health services under government contracts with the aim of gaining efficiency and improving quality of care. Our study evaluates whether the management of hospitals by SHOs is associated with improvements in system performance for patients diagnosed with breast, prostate and colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 652,734 registered breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2023 across an 80-hospital analytic roster. The primary staggered difference-in-differences analysis compared SHO adopters with directly administered public hospitals, used hospital-quarter observations with equal hospital weighting, and applied outcome-specific mortality follow-up restrictions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The restricted primary analyses included 23-24 public hospitals, depending on the outcome. SHO adoption was associated with imprecise changes in diagnosis-to-treatment time (-155.3 days; 95% CI -350.0 to 39.4), consultation-to-diagnosis time (-96.3 days; 95% CI -237.7 to 45.1), 30-day mortality (0.8 percentage points; 95% CI -4.0 to 5.5), 1-year mortality (2.5 percentage points; 95% CI -21.7-26.8), and 5-year mortality (29.6 percentage points; 95% CI -3.6 to 62.8). Estimates changed materially with the control group and weighting approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study did not provide precise evidence that SHO adoption improved cancer-care processes or mortality. However, the small number of hospitals, incomplete long-term follow-up, sensitivity to weighting and control definitions, and the inability to estimate a joint pre-trends test mean that clinically important effects in either direction cannot be excluded.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Primary Care Soften the Fiscal Impact of Population Ageing? Evidence From Brazil's Hospital System.","authors":"Fernando Antonio Ignacio González","doi":"10.1002/hpm.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population ageing is widely expected to place severe pressure on public hospital systems, yet causal evidence from developing countries remains scarce. We estimate the effect of demographic ageing on hospital spending under Brazil's Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) using a balanced panel of 2798 municipalities over 2008-2021, combining administrative expenditure records with municipality-specific ageing trajectories constructed from the 2010 and 2022 Censuses and, as an independent alternative, from annual Ministry of Health population estimates. Instrumenting current age structure with pre-sample historical mortality, we find that a one-percentage-point increase in the elderly dependency ratio raises hospital spending per capita by approximately 7%; the effect is driven by admission volumes rather than by the cost of the average admission, and it is robust to controls for differential development trends, to alternative measures of age structure, and to an instrument based solely on historical mortality. We then ask whether primary care mitigates this pressure, using newly assembled municipal coverage histories of the Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). The ageing-spending gradient falls significantly with ESF coverage in both least-squares and instrumental-variable specifications: moving from no coverage to full coverage offsets between one-third and four-fifths of the marginal fiscal impact of ageing, with the moderation concentrated in avoided admissions. Fiscal projections that extrapolate ageing mechanically into hospital costs therefore overstate the burden for municipalities that have invested in community-based primary care, although even full coverage does not eliminate the pressure entirely.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Strategies in Municipal Health Promotion: A Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Hanna Richter, Tatiana Mamontova, Eva Quante-Brandt","doi":"10.1002/hpm.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Municipal health promotion increasingly relies on intersectoral networks to address complex health challenges amid fragmented health, social and educational systems. However, little is known about how practitioners navigate these networks or how perceived strategies correspond with observed network structures. This convergent mixed-methods study involved 14 health professionals and combined qualitative interviews with egocentric network analysis. Interview data were analysed using deductive content analysis, while the quantitative component comprised descriptive network analysis based on structural measures of connectivity, centrality and clustering. The qualitative findings show that network strategies are adaptive and situational, shaped by resource constraints, organisational routines, and network development rather than by explicit strategic plans. Bonding strengthened trust and existing relationship, clustering enabled task-focused collaboration, formalisation supported continuity through established routines and bridging emerged largely unintentionally through routine coordination. Professionals combined strategies flexibly, resulting in hybrid strategic repertories rather than distinct strategy types. Integration of qualitative and quantitative data revealed only partial alignment between reported strategies and observed structures. Crucially, professionals themselves did not always recognise the structurally prominent brokerage positions they held, indicating that brokerage is an emergent feature of everyday networking. These findings suggest that municipal health promotion cannot be characterised by a single form of professional collaboration. Rather, collaboration must adapt to the task at hand, ranging from information exchange and multiprofessional collaboration to intersectoral collaboration. In order to sustain relationship-based collaboration while retaining the flexibility to respond to local needs and health inequities, municipal health promotion requires institutional support for coordination.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Factors Influencing Vaccine Uptake From the Perspective of Physicians and Public: A Mixed Method Study.","authors":"Ebtesam Almajed, Alya AlZabin, Norah Alqntash, Wijdan A AlMutiri, Leenah Almanea, Yara Alsadan, Najd Alanazi, Hayat Alzahrani","doi":"10.1002/hpm.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunisation is recognized worldwide as one of the key strategies for extending life expectancy and improving health outcomes. Developing a national policy that improves the vaccination rate against diseases requires the barriers and facilitators to be identified in KSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative and quantitative approaches. A nationwide online cross-sectional survey using a convenience sampling technique. The questionnaire comprised Sociodemographic data, Vaccine uptake assessment, Overall vaccine acceptance and hesitancy, the barriers and facilitators. Phase 2 conducted structured in-depth interviews with 20 healthcare providers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 937 participants. Motivating factors for vaccine uptake include the belief that vaccines prevent or eliminate disease, physicians' recommendations, belief in vaccines' ability to minimise disease side effects, and MOH-mandated vaccination regulations. In Phase 2, most physicians encountered patients who were hesitant to take vaccines for themselves or their children. Physicians' concerns about particular vaccines long-term complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributes to the growing literature. Vaccine distrust in various forms are prevalent among the population. To achieve sustained vaccine acceptance, it is essential to develop vaccination literacy programs to address misconceptions about vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Worlds: Can Evidence, Regulation and Indigenous Leadership Shape the Future of Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine?","authors":"Abdul-Basit Abdul-Samed, Dina Balabanova, Neil Spicer, Martin McKee","doi":"10.1002/hpm.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and need: </strong>As the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Strategy 2025-2034 encourages countries to consider integrating traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM) into health systems, there is a need to clarify the principal scientific, regulatory, ethical, and governance challenges involved. Renewed global attention to TCIM, including at the Second Global Summit on Traditional Medicine held in New Delhi in December 2025, has intensified calls for approaches that are safe, effective, equitable, and culturally respectful.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This commentary examines the principal challenges that must be addressed if TCIM is to be integrated safely and equitably into health systems, with particular attention to evidence generation, regulation, commercialisation, misinformation, Indigenous knowledge governance, and models of health-system integration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a policy-oriented narrative review informed by an interpretive reading of the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Strategy 2025-2034 and related governance frameworks, including the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol. We then conducted iterative, non-systematic searches across major bibliographic databases and policy sources to identify literature and examples relevant to five core domains shaping TCIM integration: evidence and economics, regulation, commercial exploitation, misinformation, and Indigenous knowledge.</p><p><strong>Main findings and conclusion: </strong>Integrating TCIM into health systems requires more than evidence of clinical effectiveness alone. Progress depends on methodological approaches capable of assessing complex and context-dependent interventions; stronger regulatory and pharmacovigilance systems; safeguards against misleading commercial claims and digital misinformation; and, crucially, Indigenous leadership in the governance, protection, and co-production of knowledge, so that benefit-sharing and research priority-setting rest on community authority rather than consultation alone. Integration should be understood as a spectrum, from coexistence and referral to co-location and fully blended models, with implementation shaped by local health-system capacity and patterns of real-world use. Advancing TCIM will therefore require coordinated action grounded in evidence, ethics, equity, and culturally respectful governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Strategies for Recovering the Healthcare System and Interdependent Infrastructure in the Gaza Strip and Their Impact on Public Health.","authors":"Samer Abuzerr","doi":"10.1002/hpm.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Gaza Strip's health system has been disrupted by conflict since October 2023, alongside damage to electricity, water, sanitation and transport systems. This study assessed healthcare functionality, infrastructure disruption and public health outcomes, and identified priority recovery strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective quantitative analysis used secondary data from October 2023 to February 2025 from WHO HeRAMS, the Palestinian Ministry of Health, OCHA and UNOSAT. Indicators covered hospital functionality, workforce availability, medical supply continuity, energy, water, sanitation, transport access and communicable disease incidence across five governorates. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, Success Tree Analysis (STA), Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and spatial mapping were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 38 hospitals, 23.7% were fully functional, 44.7% partially functional and 31.6% non-functional; North Gaza had the highest non-functionality (50%). Physician density declined by 45%, and only 48% of facilities reported essential medicines. Electricity and water functionality fell to 27% and 35%. Diarrhoeal disease and respiratory infection incidence reached 72.4 and 96.5 cases per 10,000 population. Electricity availability correlated strongly with hospital functionality (ρ = 0.82, p < 0.001), while water functionality correlated inversely with diarrhoeal disease incidence (ρ = -0.76, p < 0.001). STA estimated that integrated restoration of energy, water, workforce and supplies could increase hospital functionality to 89% within 5 months. MCDA prioritised rapid infrastructure repair, renewable energy integration and water network rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Healthcare recovery in Gaza depends on coordinated restoration of interdependent infrastructure and health-system components. Recovery planning should be integrated, multi-sectoral and geographically targeted to reduce disease burden and strengthen resilience in conflict-affected settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}