Population Research and Policy Review最新文献

{"title":"Immigrant Status and Hesitancy Toward the Use of Covid-19 Vaccines and Drug Treatments Developed for Children","authors":"Kevin J. A. Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s11113-023-09853-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09853-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the relationship between immigrant status in the United States and hesitancy toward the new COVID-19 vaccines and drug treatments developed for children. Using data from the 2022 COVID-19 in American Communities -2 survey, the analysis shows that, while vaccine hesitancy is less of a problem for immigrants than for US natives, hesitancy toward the new drug treatments between both groups is not statistically different. Moreover, it finds contrasting relationships between immigrants’ level of exposure to society and the two outcomes of interest. On the one hand, immigrants’ willingness to have their children vaccinated for COVID-19 declines as time in the US increases. On the other hand, after accounting for other factors, no declines in hesitancy about the use of the new COVID-19 drug treatments for infected children are observed with increasing time in the US. The analysis further shows that the relationship between exposure and both measures of hesitancy is partially shaped by mistrust. Thus, it suggests that mistrust of the COVID-19 vaccines has negative spillover effects on the possible use of the new drugs used for treating the virus among children.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139647468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household Income by Nativity Status and Race/Ethnicity Across Metropolitan and Regional Contexts","authors":"Rachel Sparkman, Kathryn Harker Tillman","doi":"10.1007/s11113-023-09851-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09851-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the 1990s, immigrants have been increasingly moving to rural areas of the U.S., yet we know little about the economic well-being of these immigrants as compared to their more urban peers. To fill this knowledge gap, we draw on both segmented assimilation and industrial restructuring approaches and use microdata data from the American Community Survey (ACS) 2019 5-year estimates (<i>n</i> = 10,536,645) to examine the household income of U.S.-born and foreign-born heads of households by metropolitan status, as well as the roles of race/ethnicity and regional location in conditioning the impact of nativity status on household income. Similar to Census reports on the urban–rural wealth gap (Shrider et al. in Income and poverty in the United States: 2020. United States Census Bureau. Washington, DC. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2021/demo/p60-273.html, 2021), OLS regression results indicate that rural respondents tend to report significantly less income than their nonrural peers, however, there is significant variation by nativity status, racial/ethnic background, and regional location. On average, foreign-born respondents, racial/ethnic minorities, and respondents located in the South report lower household incomes than their peers. Racial/ethnic background has a greater influence on household income than does nativity status, however, especially in rural areas. Race/ethnicity also moderates the effects of nativity status, although somewhat differently depending on metropolitan location and region. Predicted estimates of household income by nativity and race/ethnicity show that, regardless of race/ethnicity, foreign-born individuals in urban areas tend to have household incomes that are slightly lower than or similar to those of their same-race U.S.-born peers, with the exception of Black immigrants, those who report having two or more races, and respondents who belong to the Other Race category who tend to have higher incomes. In rural areas, however, substantively meaningful nativity differentials in income are only apparent for Black respondents.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of COVID-19 on Medically Assisted Live Birth Rates in the United States in 2020 and 2021","authors":"Katherine Tierney, Ester Lazzari","doi":"10.1007/s11113-023-09849-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09849-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Initial declines in births due to medically assisted reproduction (MAR) in December 2020 have been documented. However, the longer-term impact of COVID-19 on U.S. MAR birth rates has not yet been evaluated. Negative-binomial regression analyses were employed using counts of MAR births from the National Vital Statistics System and female population counts from the Current Population Survey as the exposure variable. Interaction terms were used to investigate whether trends varied by sociodemographic groups. The descriptive analyses showed sharp declines in the percentage of births due to MAR in December 2020 (1.05%) and January 2021 (1.08%). Multivariable negative-binomial regression showed the incident rates of MAR births were lower in December 2020 relative to all other periods with the exception of January 2021 (IRR = 0.97, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.77–1.22). Negative-binomial regression analyses with interaction terms found the decline and rebound in MAR births differed by educational attainment. Overall, however, the yearly incidence rates of MAR births in 2020 and 2021 were not different from rates from prior years (2017–2019). Thus, COVID-19 service suspension likely had a substantive effect on U.S. MAR birth rates, but this reduction quickly rebounded to pre-pandemic levels. This study extends prior research, which focused on data from 2020, and sheds further light on behavior related to MAR use and its potential demographic implications during the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Immigrant Health Trajectories: Investigating the Implications of Institutional Selection and Post-arrival Support Across Legal-Entry Pathways","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11113-023-09850-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09850-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Immigrants initially arrive in the United States in better health than the U.S.-born, but this advantage tends to diminish over time. The factors behind the existence and decline of the immigrant health advantage (IHA) are a subject of ongoing debate. While prior research has mainly focused on ethno-cultural group differences and individual selection dynamics, this study investigates how institutional selection and support, varying with different legal-entry pathways, affect immigrants' initial health status and subsequent health trajectory. Leveraging microdata samples from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey (ASEC-CPS), the research offers a comparative analysis of work disability and self-rated health across the U.S.-born demographic and three legal-entry groups: employment-based, refugee, and U.S.-territory entries. The findings reveal a significant initial health advantage for both employment-based and refugee entries compared to the U.S.-born. However, while the health advantage holds steady for refugee entry over longer durations of stay, it diminishes for employment-based entry. These findings hold important implications for policies regarding immigration and immigrant integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy and Fertility, a Case Study of the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan.","authors":"Benoît Laplante","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09859-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11113-024-09859-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2006, the Quebec government implemented a parental leave program more generous than the scheme available through the Canadian federal Employment Insurance (EI) program. It was aimed at maintaining the personal disposable income after a birth, especially for women whose income exceeds the maximum insurable earnings of EI. In this article, we assess whether the implementation of the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP) was associated with an increase in the fertility in Quebec, especially for highly educated women. We use data from the rotating panels of the Canadian Labor Force Survey. We test the effect of the implementation of the QPIP on fertility by comparing Quebec and Ontario, which kept the federal EI scheme, before and after the implementation of the QPIP. We adapt the difference in differences method (DiD) to the modeling of the fertility schedule using Poisson regression. We estimate fertility by educational levels within each of the four groups of the DiD design by integrating the estimated fertility schedules. Our results show that the implementation of the QPIP was associated with an increase in fertility in Quebec. The magnitude of the increase varies by educational levels: 17% for women who did not complete secondary education, 46% for those who completed it, and 27% for women who earned a university diploma.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"43 3","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11070327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Disparities for Early Childhood Anthropometrics and Vocabulary and Socio-emotional Skills: Dynamic Evidence from Chilean Longitudinal Data","authors":"Jere R. Behrman, Dante Contreras, Maria Isidora Palma, Esteban Puentes","doi":"10.1007/s11113-023-09832-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09832-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the impact of socioeconomic (SES) disparities on anthropometrics, receptive vocabulary skills, and socio-emotional skills in Chilean children 31–83 months old (<i>n</i> = 7744). Longitudinal data allow for the estimation of dynamic models of child growth and skill formation while adjusting for mother's schooling and cognitive ability. The results show small length differences at birth with the better-off being shorter, but these differences are reversed during the first 10 months of life, at which age SES disparities in height-for-age <i>z</i> scores (HAZ) favored the better-off. Disparities in receptive vocabulary skills found at 30 months continue until the child is at least 6 years old. For socio-emotional skills, we found SES disparities before 72 months, but not after. Our results indicate that—even after controlling for factors that are not usually considered in the literature, such as mother's cognitive ability and lagged skills—SES remains significantly associated with child development outcomes within a dynamic context.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Resources Blunt the Impact of COVID-19 on Fertility Desires in the United States?","authors":"Yining Milly Yang, Grace Kao","doi":"10.1007/s11113-023-09847-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09847-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"37 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migrant Optimism in Educational Aspirations for Children in Big Cities in China: A Case Study of Native, Permanent Migrant and Temporary Migrant Parents in Shanghai","authors":"Zhen Li, Yu Zhu, Yingji Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11113-023-09845-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09845-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"12 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Popular Sentiments of U.S. Ethnoracial Demographic Change: A Research Brief","authors":"Eileen Díaz McConnell, Michael Rodríguez-Muñiz","doi":"10.1007/s11113-023-09840-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09840-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study analyzes July 2021 poll data of more than 5500 California registered voters to examine how a racially diverse sample of people in a politically significant and diverse state feel about U.S. projections of future ethnoracial demographic change. We commissioned and designed two survey questions to build on the few studies that delve into Americans’ sentiments about these projected shifts. The first item offers more response options than past research to explore popular sentiments about national projections of a “majority-minority” future. The second item asks respondents about which areas of society that they think these changes will affect. The descriptive analyses reveal considerable variation in sentiments about projected demographic futures, with many among this racially diverse sample of adults expressing positive views and few expressing negative views. Multivariate regression analyses indicate that racial attitudes and political partisanship are significantly associated with expressing positive, negative, and other sentiments about future ethnoracial diversity. In addition, Californians indicated that these changes are most likely to affect race relations and politics and political power in the future. These findings point to the salience of the sociopolitical and information environment surrounding how people interpret population data and demographic projections, and hopefully encourages more work in popular demography.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baby Boom or Baby Bust After the COVID-19 Onset in the United States? Evidence from an ARIMA Time-Series Analysis","authors":"Shichao Du, Chin-Han Chan","doi":"10.1007/s11113-023-09843-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09843-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite some recent attempts, how fertility changed during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been adequately investigated. Using monthly live birth data from 1969 to 2021 and an ARIMA time-series approach, this study examines the fertility pattern in the United States during the pandemic. Results show that there was an initial baby bust in December 2020, January 2021, and February 2021, immediately after a full gestation period following the COVID-19 onset in the United States. However, it was soon replaced by a baby boom starting in April 2021. Since then, a fertility rebound occurred in the middle period of the pandemic until the end of our observation of December 2021. From December 2020 to December 2021, around 2% of total live births were estimated to be associated with the COVID-19 baby boom.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138575227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}