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Community-Oriented Policing and Violent Crime: Evidence From the Los Angeles Community Safety Partnership 以社区为导向的警务和暴力犯罪:来自洛杉矶社区安全伙伴关系的证据
IF 3.1 2区 社会学
Police Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/10986111231162353
Ashley N. Muchow
{"title":"Community-Oriented Policing and Violent Crime: Evidence From the Los Angeles Community Safety Partnership","authors":"Ashley N. Muchow","doi":"10.1177/10986111231162353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111231162353","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, the Los Angeles Police Department has experimented with a unique model of community-oriented policing called the Community Safety Partnership (CSP). The program places a dedicated set of CSP officers in select housing developments and neighborhoods to engage with residents to better understand and ultimately address the root causes of crime. This study examined the first four waves of the program to assess whether, and the extent to which, the program reduced violent crime. Results reveal significant variation in program effects, with the first wave yielding crime reductions while subsequent waves experienced little to no change in violent crime. Supplemental analyses suggest that the null results for the final three waves of the program were not confounded by increases in crime reporting and reveal that crime reductions following the program’s first wave were not achieved through increases in traditional enforcement (e.g., arrests).","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47843297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Analysis of Police Department Crisis Communication via Social Media 基于社交媒体的警察部门危机传播分析
IF 3.1 2区 社会学
Police Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/10986111221150505
J. Steele, N. Blau
{"title":"An Analysis of Police Department Crisis Communication via Social Media","authors":"J. Steele, N. Blau","doi":"10.1177/10986111221150505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221150505","url":null,"abstract":"When police use-of-force incidents involving citizens occur, it is necessary to examine the communication post-crisis. Communication via social media is efficient and is considered a necessary tool in contemporary policing. To date, few studies have investigated the use of socially mediated messages in response to use-of-force incidents in local communities. This research examined the social media sites of six police departments in the United States following the death of George Floyd for themes established in crisis communication research. Findings suggest that police departments used social media to convey empathy, commitment to stakeholders, and self-efficacy, with empathy being the theme that was used most frequently. As this is an emerging area of research, directions for future research and policy implementation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48610271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Supply and Demand Shifts in Policing at the Start of the Pandemic: A National Multi-Wave Survey of the Impacts of COVID-19 on American Law Enforcement 疫情开始时警务的供求变化：新冠肺炎对美国执法影响的全国多波调查
IF 3.1 2区 社会学
Police Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/10986111221148217
C. Lum, C. Maupin, Megan Stoltz
{"title":"The Supply and Demand Shifts in Policing at the Start of the Pandemic: A National Multi-Wave Survey of the Impacts of COVID-19 on American Law Enforcement","authors":"C. Lum, C. Maupin, Megan Stoltz","doi":"10.1177/10986111221148217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221148217","url":null,"abstract":"We report the results of the only multi-wave survey of a large and geographically diverse sample of police agencies across the United States to understand the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on law enforcement. Findings indicate an unprecedented and sustained shift in both the supply of and demand for police services during that time. While overall calls for service (demand) tended to decline in most agencies, some experienced increases in specific categories of calls. During the early months of COVID, agencies also reduced their in-person response to calls for service, arrests, proactive policing, and community policing activities (supply). These findings indicate a substantial change in the public safety landscape during that time, which was experienced by agencies of all sizes and from all types of jurisdictions. We explore how public health pandemics can lead to substantial, immediate, and potentially sustained changes to police deployment and police-community interactions that may impact public safety goals.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48258709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Dazed and Confused: Difficulties for Law Enforcement During Oregon’s Transition to a Legal Marijuana Market 眼花缭乱：俄勒冈州向合法大麻市场过渡期间的执法困难
IF 3.1 2区 社会学
Police Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/10986111221147697
K. Henning, Mauri Matsuda, Greg Stewart
{"title":"Dazed and Confused: Difficulties for Law Enforcement During Oregon’s Transition to a Legal Marijuana Market","authors":"K. Henning, Mauri Matsuda, Greg Stewart","doi":"10.1177/10986111221147697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221147697","url":null,"abstract":"As more states legalize recreational cannabis, questions remain about the impact of this transition for police who continue to be responsible for enforcing laws governing illicit production and distribution of the drug, use of the substance in prohibited settings, and possession by juveniles. Legalization may also lead to additional responsibilities, including policing homegrown cannabis and licensed businesses involved in cultivating, processing, and selling the drug. Documenting the experience of law enforcement officers in states that have already transitioned to a legal market may provide important insights into the implementation of cannabis policies in other jurisdictions. The present study surveyed 301 law enforcement officers in Oregon three years after the state legalized recreational marijuana. Results indicate that officers perceive increases in many marijuana-related problems following legalization and most officers report that the state’s revised statutes are confusing and difficult to enforce. Implications for public policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42741562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Race and the Use of Force by Police Revisited: Post-Ferguson Findings From a Large County Police Agency 种族与警察使用武力问题再探：一个大型县警察局在弗格森事件后的调查结果
IF 3.1 2区 社会学
Police Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.1177/10986111221139442
Michael R. Smith, R. Tillyer, Robin S. Engel
{"title":"Race and the Use of Force by Police Revisited: Post-Ferguson Findings From a Large County Police Agency","authors":"Michael R. Smith, R. Tillyer, Robin S. Engel","doi":"10.1177/10986111221139442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221139442","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines racial and ethnic disparities in the use of force by the Fairfax County, VA Police Department using post-Ferguson data and after the adoption of modern training and use of force policies on de-escalation. White civilians were overrepresented as subjects of force compared to a variety of benchmarks, while Hispanics were underrepresented. Black and Asian civilians also were overrepresented using some benchmarks but not others. Multivariate models revealed that Black civilians experienced more severe force, higher average force levels, and more total force than Whites. We discuss possible reasons for the overrepresentation of Blacks and Whites as subjects of force, as well as the disparities in force levels and the totality of force experienced by Black civilians. We conclude with suggestions for policy change, training, and deployment changes to help reduce the potential influence of unconscious bias in the application of force by the FCPD and other law enforcement agencies.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43567372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Crossing the Threshold: Organizational and Community Correlates of Female and Minority Representation Among U.S. Law Enforcement Agencies 跨越门槛：美国执法机构中女性和少数族裔代表性的组织和社区相关性
IF 3.1 2区 社会学
Police Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.1177/10986111221116341
Joanna D. Frazier, M. Matusiak
{"title":"Crossing the Threshold: Organizational and Community Correlates of Female and Minority Representation Among U.S. Law Enforcement Agencies","authors":"Joanna D. Frazier, M. Matusiak","doi":"10.1177/10986111221116341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221116341","url":null,"abstract":"The current research explores relationships between female and minority officer representation and elements of organizational structure, practices, and context (internal and external). These relationships are viewed through the lenses of representative bureaucracy and structural contingency theory. Employing LEMAS (2016) survey and ACS (2011–2015) data, a series of OLS regression models explored these relationships. Findings suggest diversity breeds diversity in law enforcement agencies. Organizational structure continues to influence female and minority officers throughout their careers. Structural elements of both complexity and control were related to officer representation at all three career points, as were organizational practices. Finally, relationships related to internal context demonstrated greater consistency than external, although external context was related to overall representation. Relationships between structure, practices, and context varied for females and minorities, suggesting a greater need for unique recruitment and retention strategies for these officers.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43102311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Multi-Site Study of Firearms Displays by Police at Use of Force Incidents 警方在使用武力事件中展示枪械的多地点研究
IF 3.1 2区 社会学
Police Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/10986111221136230
Timothy I. C. Cubitt, Justin Nix
{"title":"A Multi-Site Study of Firearms Displays by Police at Use of Force Incidents","authors":"Timothy I. C. Cubitt, Justin Nix","doi":"10.1177/10986111221136230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221136230","url":null,"abstract":"The power to use force is a defining characteristic of policing, one that is accompanied by a responsibility to exercise these powers in the circumstances deemed necessary. This study analyzes data from four policing agencies to predict the likelihood of an officer drawing and pointing their firearm at a use of force incident. Findings suggest that situational factors were important in influencing whether an officer may draw and point their firearm. However, a priming effect, in which officers were more likely to draw their firearms when dispatched to an incident, may also be present. The rate that officers drew and pointed their firearms varied between jurisdictions, as did the nature of the incidents. Caution should be exercised in generalizing the results of single-site studies on police use of force, or introducing research into policy beyond the jurisdiction in which it was performed.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":"26 1","pages":"379 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44566539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“How Should the Police Let Victims Down?” The Impact of Reassurance Call-Backs by Local Police Officers to Victims of Vehicle and Cycle Crimes: A Block Randomized Controlled Trial “警察应该如何让受害者失望?”地方警察安抚电话对车辆和自行车犯罪受害者的影响:一项街区随机对照试验
IF 3.1 2区 社会学
Police Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/10986111221128751
Ben Clark, B. Ariel, Vincent Harinam
{"title":"“How Should the Police Let Victims Down?” The Impact of Reassurance Call-Backs by Local Police Officers to Victims of Vehicle and Cycle Crimes: A Block Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Ben Clark, B. Ariel, Vincent Harinam","doi":"10.1177/10986111221128751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221128751","url":null,"abstract":"Most victims’ cases are not progressed through the criminal justice system, which is a phenomenon linked to low satisfaction with police performance. Little is known about how police can fairly and effectively “let victims down.” One mechanism is a call-back, which is prevalent in other professions but less so in policing and could be applied specifically for victims who experience case attrition at early stages. By proactively contacting victims following their initial report, the call-back may offer reassurance and lead to improved levels of satisfaction. We tested this approach with 1326 victims of vehicle and bicycle crimes in a block randomized controlled trial in London, UK. Based on follow-up telephone surveys, the findings suggest that a reassurance call-back policy increases the satisfaction of bicycle theft victims by 5%–15%, but not for victims of vehicle theft, who are largely unaffected by the call-back. The findings are likely driven by the victims’ expectations: vehicle theft victims expect their reported cases to progress through the justice system, whereas bicycle theft victims do not; thus, the former remain as disappointed as the participants who did not receive a call-back. These findings are promising, as they offer a new tool for policing that can provide more care to victims of crime.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":"26 1","pages":"355 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44232842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on Self-Initiated Police Encounters 随身携带的摄像头对警察自发遭遇的影响
IF 3.1 2区 社会学
Police Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/10986111221123798
Richard R. Bennett, Brad Bartholomew, Sandra K. Baxter, Holly Champagne, Eric R Schuler
{"title":"The Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on Self-Initiated Police Encounters","authors":"Richard R. Bennett, Brad Bartholomew, Sandra K. Baxter, Holly Champagne, Eric R Schuler","doi":"10.1177/10986111221123798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221123798","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning in the summer of 2014, a series of controversial deaths in the US, often involving white officers and unarmed minority men, contributed to the growing debate about the need for increased transparency and accountability in policing. Central to the debate has been the call for more body-worn cameras (BWCs), a widely adopted technology that promises numerous benefits through real-time recording of police-public encounters. However, critics of this technology claim that increased surveillance of their behavior may lead to de-policing where officers choose to reduce the quality and/or quantity of their self-initiated police work. This claim has recently received empirical scrutiny in the context of the two main self-initiated activities underlying police work: foot patrols and traffic stops. However, the studies have mainly been outcome-orientated (e.g., stop and frisk or issuance of a citation) rather than activity-focused. The de-policing claim is tested here using data from a lengthy, quasi-experimental evaluation of BWCs in a large US police department. The findings show that the number of foot patrols and traffic stops conducted did not vary based on whether an officer wore a BWC or not. Policy and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":"26 1","pages":"333 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Work-Family Conflicts, Stress, and Turnover Intention Among Hong Kong Police Officers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. 新冠肺炎疫情期间香港警务人员的工作与家庭冲突、压力及离职意向
IF 3.1 2区 社会学
Police Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/10986111211034777
Jessica C M Li, Chau-Kiu Cheung, Ivan Y Sun, Yuen-Kiu Cheung, Shimin Zhu
{"title":"Work-Family Conflicts, Stress, and Turnover Intention Among Hong Kong Police Officers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Jessica C M Li,&nbsp;Chau-Kiu Cheung,&nbsp;Ivan Y Sun,&nbsp;Yuen-Kiu Cheung,&nbsp;Shimin Zhu","doi":"10.1177/10986111211034777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111211034777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although work stress, turnover intention, and work-family conflicts among police officers have been extensively investigated, no studies have explored these issues simultaneously under the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Clearly, both work and family domains have been drastically affected by this global health crisis, and it is likely that each domain has a distinctive impact on work outcomes. Using survey data based on a representative random sample of 335 police officers in Hong Kong, this study examines the impacts of resource losses and gains across family and work domains on occupational stress and turnover intention amid the pandemic. A multiple regression indicates that both family-to-work and work-to-family conflicts lead to work stress and turnover intention among police officers. Among officers, supervisory support is negatively associated with turnover intention and moderates the impact of work-to-family conflicts on turnover intention. Finally, measures to mitigate work stress during public health disasters are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":"25 3","pages":"281-309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9361033/pdf/10.1177_10986111211034777.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40352877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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