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Externalising migration control in Niger: the humanitarian–security nexus and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) 尼日尔移民控制外部化:人道主义与安全关系和国际移民组织(IOM)
4区 社会学
Journal of Modern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x23000149
Fabio de Blasis, Silvia Pitzalis
{"title":"Externalising migration control in Niger: the humanitarian–security nexus and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)","authors":"Fabio de Blasis, Silvia Pitzalis","doi":"10.1017/s0022278x23000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x23000149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article investigates the role of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in the global migration regime against the backdrop of the European Union (EU) border externalisation process in Niger. Over the last few years, UN agencies have been considered an essential component of the EU strategy to prevent irregular migrants from reaching Europe. Drawing on qualitative research and ethnographic fieldwork, combining empirical observation with critical analysis, we explore the ‘humanitarian–security nexus’ by focusing on the IOM's ‘humanitarian borderwork’ under the financial umbrella of the Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (ETFA). While the results of purely securitarian measures in Niger may have been ‘disappointing’, the outsourcing of migration management through IOM balances the interests of the Nigerien government and the EU. By focusing on IOM humanitarian operations and assisted voluntary returns and reintegration (AVRR) programmes, the article shows the further expansion of European humanitarian borders into the heart of the Sahel, highlighting new interdiction practices, hidden forms of deportation, side effects and contestation from below.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Judge, landlord, broker, watchman: assessing variation in chiefly duties and authority in the Ghana–Togo Borderlands 法官、地主、经纪人、守望者:评价加纳-多哥边境地区主要职责和权力的变化
4区 社会学
Journal of Modern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x23000150
Martha Wilfahrt, Natalie Wenzell Letsa
{"title":"Judge, landlord, broker, watchman: assessing variation in chiefly duties and authority in the Ghana–Togo Borderlands","authors":"Martha Wilfahrt, Natalie Wenzell Letsa","doi":"10.1017/s0022278x23000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x23000150","url":null,"abstract":"abstract This paper seeks to broaden the framework for understanding the many different roles that traditional leaders play in their communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from an original public opinion survey along the Ghana–Togo border, we find that one of the most important roles of the chieftaincy is to maintain law and order: resolving disputes and keeping the community safe from crime. However, we also find considerable variation in what chiefs are expected to do, how effective they are performing their various tasks, and how much authority they wield in doing so – both over their own subjects as well as over local government officials. We explore several potential sources for this variation, finding that chiefs in Ghana, a former British colony, are expected to do more jobs, are perceived to be more effective, and hold more upward power over local state officials compared with their counterparts in Togo, a former French colony.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"34 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136382235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Somalia's evolving political market place: from famine and humanitarian crisis to permanent precarity 索马里政治市场的演变:从饥荒和人道主义危机到永久的不稳定
4区 社会学
Journal of Modern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x23000071
Susanne Jaspars, Nisar Majid, Guhad M. Adan
{"title":"Somalia's evolving political market place: from famine and humanitarian crisis to permanent precarity","authors":"Susanne Jaspars, Nisar Majid, Guhad M. Adan","doi":"10.1017/s0022278x23000071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x23000071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Somalia has a long history of famine and humanitarian crisis. This article focuses on the years 2008–2020, during which governance and aid practices changed substantially and which include three crisis periods. The article examines whether and how governance analysed as a political marketplace can help explain Somalia's repeated humanitarian crises and the manipulation of response. We argue that between 2008 and 2011 the political marketplace was a violent competitive oligopoly which contributed to famine, but that from 2012 a more collusive, informal political compact resulted in a status quo which avoided violent conflict or famine in 2017 and which functioned to keep external resources coming in. At the same time, this political arrangement benefits from the maintenance of a large group of displaced people in permanent precarity as a source of aid and labour.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Political trust and informal traders in African cities 非洲城市的政治信任和非正式贸易商
4区 社会学
Journal of Modern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x23000125
Danielle Resnick, Bhavna Sivasubramanian
{"title":"Political trust and informal traders in African cities","authors":"Danielle Resnick, Bhavna Sivasubramanian","doi":"10.1017/s0022278x23000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x23000125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How do cities foster political trust among informal workers? This question is particularly salient in Africa's growing cities where local governments must reconcile policy priorities across highly heterogeneous constituencies, including a burgeoning middle-class and a large informal economy. We argue that expectations about reciprocity and procedural justice shape the probability that informal traders trust their local government. In doing so, we analyse a survey of approximately 1000 informal traders in Ghana's three main cities – Accra, Kumasi and Tamale. We find that traders who paid requisite fees to local assemblies and could attribute a benefit from those payments were more likely to trust their local government while those who had experienced harassment by city authorities were less likely to do so. The paper highlights that drivers of trust among diverse urban constituencies deserve greater empirical and comparative attention, especially as countries deepen decentralisation initiatives and cities commit to development goals around inclusivity.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political party ideology in Zambia: comparing the PF and the UPND on social welfare policies 赞比亚的政党意识形态:比较爱国阵线和进步民主联盟的社会福利政策
IF 0.8 4区 社会学
Journal of Modern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x23000058
Courtney Hallink, Hangala Siachiwena
{"title":"Political party ideology in Zambia: comparing the PF and the UPND on social welfare policies","authors":"Courtney Hallink, Hangala Siachiwena","doi":"10.1017/s0022278x23000058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x23000058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper challenges existing analyses of party cleavages in Sub-Saharan Africa which over-emphasise the centrality of ethnicity. Parties express ideological positions that reflect the socio-economic interests of specific regions, which, especially in Zambia, coincide with particular ethnic groups. We demonstrate this through an examination of party manifestos, policy documents and semi-structured interviews with members of two political parties in Zambia – the Patriotic Front and the United Party for National Development. These parties express clear normative ideas about social welfare, especially the role of the state in providing social assistance to the poorest. These ideological positions reflect the socio-economic interests of the ethnic groups and regions where support for each party is dominant. These are shaped by the ways in which these regions were historically incorporated into the colonial economy. In order to gain a better understanding of African politics, ethnicity must be conceptualised as a socio-cultural construct and situated historically.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46129383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Micro Rna 182-3-P, 519-D-5p, 378-3p As Non-Invasive Predictors Of Preeclampsia. 微 Rna 182-3-P、519-D-5p、378-3p 作为子痫前期的非侵入性预测因子。
4区 社会学
Journal of Modern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.55519/JAMC-03-11783
Zaima Ali, Uzma Zafar, Ambreen Tauseef, Saima Zaki, Saba Khaliq
{"title":"Micro Rna 182-3-P, 519-D-5p, 378-3p As Non-Invasive Predictors Of Preeclampsia.","authors":"Zaima Ali, Uzma Zafar, Ambreen Tauseef, Saima Zaki, Saba Khaliq","doi":"10.55519/JAMC-03-11783","DOIUrl":"10.55519/JAMC-03-11783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging field of interest in many diseases. Some of the miRNAs have been reported to be expressed differentially in diseased states of pregnancy. The current study was designed to measure and compare the levels of microRNA 182-3-p, 519-d-5p, and 378-3p and it was hypothesized that the microRNA 182-3-p, 519-d-5p, and 378-3p can be used as a non-invasive predictor of preeclampsia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Expression level of the miRNAs 182-3-p, 519-d-5p, and 378-3p was measured in the serum of preeclamptic and normal pregnancies by real-time PCR. Data was entered and analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22 (SPSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly high expression levels of MiRNA 182-3p, 519-d-5p and low levels of miR-378-3p were associated with preeclampsia (PE).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results revealed that miR-182-3p is a powerful predictor of PE with an Odds Ratio of 5.9 and can be used as a noninvasive, reliable predictor of PE to screen these patients at an early stage. Screening at early gestation with follow-up studies can emphasize the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"437-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78709758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent modifications to the US methadone treatment system are a Band-Aid-not a solution-to the nation's broken opioid use disorder treatment system. 最近对美国美沙酮治疗系统进行的修改，只是为美国破碎的阿片类药物使用障碍治疗系统提供了一个 "创可贴"，而非解决方案。
4区 社会学
Journal of Modern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-20 eCollection Date: 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxad018
Noa Krawczyk, Paul J Joudrey, Rachel Simon, Danielle M Russel, David Frank
{"title":"Recent modifications to the US methadone treatment system are a Band-Aid-not a solution-to the nation's broken opioid use disorder treatment system.","authors":"Noa Krawczyk, Paul J Joudrey, Rachel Simon, Danielle M Russel, David Frank","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxad018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxad018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For 5 decades, US federal regulations have segregated methadone treatment for opioid use disorder from the rest of the health care system, confining its availability to specialty treatment programs that are highly regulated. These regulations have led to severe shortages in the availability of methadone and grave underutilization of this lifesaving medication despite a worsening overdose crisis. In this commentary, we discuss current barriers to methadone in the US opioid treatment system and how recent changes to federal regulations fall short of the reforms needed to significantly expand access to this treatment. Instead, we propose the urgent need to expand methadone to mainstream health care settings by allowing for office-based prescribing and pharmacy dispensing of methadone, the norm in many other developed countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"qxad018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10986206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78702476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Land back to the people or not?’ The variable pathways of civic mobilisation against land grabs in rural Sierra Leone “土地还给不还给人民?”塞拉利昂农村反对土地掠夺的公民动员的不同途径
IF 0.8 4区 社会学
Journal of Modern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X22000489
Sukanya Podder
{"title":"‘Land back to the people or not?’ The variable pathways of civic mobilisation against land grabs in rural Sierra Leone","authors":"Sukanya Podder","doi":"10.1017/S0022278X22000489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X22000489","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drawing on empirical research from Pujehun and Port Loko districts in Sierra Leone, this article explains the variable pathways of civic activism mobilised by environmental advocacy, and legal empowerment organisations, in response to two prominent land grabs. By grounding the analysis within the ontology of place, this study examines the dynamic interplay between national politics, global corporate interests, transnational advocacy, and civic agency in each place. The article finds that although the balance of power between these actors matters, the nature of corporate interests involved can be significant in determining the exact trajectory of civic mobilisation, and ultimately its success.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"281 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42670752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Renting in the informal city: the role of dignity in upgrading backyard dwellings in Cape Town, South Africa 非正式城市中的租房:尊严在南非开普敦后院住宅升级中的作用
IF 0.8 4区 社会学
Journal of Modern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X23000034
L. Rice, Andreas Scheba, Adam S. Harris
{"title":"Renting in the informal city: the role of dignity in upgrading backyard dwellings in Cape Town, South Africa","authors":"L. Rice, Andreas Scheba, Adam S. Harris","doi":"10.1017/S0022278X23000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X23000034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In South Africa, informal rental accommodation constructed in the backyards of formal houses is the fastest growing housing segment. These backyard dwellings (BDs) are makeshift structures made from timber frames, metal sheets or wooden planks. Despite the proliferation of BDs, national and local governments have done little to improve the living standards of backyard dwellers. The research uses focus groups, interviews and building surveys to examine the current state of backyard dwellings and identify opportunities and barriers for government interventions. We analyse the barriers to home improvements, highlighting the important role of tenant dignity and landlord-tenant relations. Furthermore, the research discusses the challenges of potential government-led interventions, which could easily fail in the context of resistance, mistrust and anxiety over housing. We present four key considerations that any intervention to upgrade BDs in South Africa or similar rental units in other localities must consider.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"209 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44997530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why time matters for understanding the ASM-LSM nexus in south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 为什么时间对理解刚果民主共和国东南部ASM-LSM关系很重要
IF 0.8 4区 社会学
Journal of Modern African Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X23000022
J. Cuvelier
{"title":"Why time matters for understanding the ASM-LSM nexus in south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"J. Cuvelier","doi":"10.1017/S0022278X23000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X23000022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article highlights the importance of studying the politics of time in the copper and cobalt mining sector of south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, where a tense coexistence can be observed between artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) and large-scale mining (LSM). It is argued that inequality in ASM-LSM settings not only manifests itself spatially but also temporally. Faced with an uncertain future, ASM and LSM actors do not have the same capacity to control time and plan their futures. Drawing on data from several rounds of ethnographic fieldwork in Katanga's mining areas between 2005 and 2022, the article advocates an approach which pays more attention to issues of time and temporality in places where large-scale forms of mineral extraction clash with small-scale ones.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"189 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49426995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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