Applied Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of Solar Tunnel Dryer for Ginger Drying","authors":"Assefa Tesfaye Hailu","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600947","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The drying of fruits, vegetables, ginger, tea, coffee, fish flesh, and herbs can be accomplished with a solar tunnel dryer. It was mathematically modeled for drying ginger products. The solar tunnel dryer comprises of a transparent UV-stabilized plastic-coated chamber and a flat plate solar collector covered in glass. An exhaust fan with solar photovoltaic modules is provided to evacuate the moist air from the dryer. The designed dryer has length, and width area of 8.5, 2 m, and 11 m², respectively. The average daily efficiency of the solar collector over eight hours was about 32%. The dryer can dry 50 kg of ginger per batch. The ginger has a starting moisture content of 90.4% (w.b) and the ultimate moisture level is about 11.8% (w.b). Ginger was selected because it is a major agricultural commodity in Ethiopia, where it is utilized both fresh and dried forms. The dried ginger is utilized for commercial applications. It is used as a local medication and as a flavoring spice in most families. It is quite important in the country’s traditional eating patterns. The ginger was sliced into average length of 9.5 cm, thickness of 1.5–2 mm, and a weight of 7.5–9.2 g pieces. The design improved the Cost of fuel and electricity saved per season. A non-linear regression analysis was used to develop drying models for ginger. The models were compared using the correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>²), the residual sum square (RSS), and standard error of estimates (SEE) analysis to determine the one that best represented the thin layer drying characteristics of ginger. The results show that the Page model satisfactorily described the drying of ginger with <i>R</i>² of 0.995, the Standard error of estimate (SEE) is 0.003 and the residual sum square (RSS) is also 0.006. The drying time of the dryer is 3.33 days. The overall efficiency of the dryer is about 36%.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139474952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple Technique for the Global Power Peak Tracking in Partially Shaded Solar Systems","authors":"Yousef Mahmoud","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600777","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Partial shading has been shown to negatively affect the power output of solar PV systems. It occurs when part of a PV system is shaded while the rest of the system is fully illuminated. Partial shading disturbs the regular shape of the power curve that has single-power peak and produces power curve with multiple power peaks. Numerous hill-climbing algorithms exist, however they usually miss the operation on the global power peak and instead get stuck in one of the local peaks resulting in power losses. This paper derives a set of simple equations estimating the power peaks of partially shaded modules which are then utilized to develop a method for global power peak tracking. Unlike existing approaches, the proposed approach is very simple for implementation and does not require intricate models or special functions. Extensive verifications and validations are provided through simulations and experimentally. The results show that the proposed method can increase the power generation of solar PV systems through ensuring the global power peak extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139474775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Kinetic Conditions on the Formation of a Perovskite Absorber in Increasing the Conversion Coefficients of Solar Cells","authors":"A. O. Oblakulov, N. R. Ashurov, D. A. Toshmamatov, Z. N. Julliev, N. Sh. Ashurov, V. Yu. Sokolov, S. E. Maksimov, R. Yu. Rakhimov","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x22601600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x22601600","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The paper presents ways to improve the morphology and efficiency of perovskite solar cells synthesized from lead acetate trihydrate and methylammonium iodide. It was found that the quality of nanoscale films of the perovskite absorber depends on the time of precursor solution spinning and conditioning before annealing. The optimal combination of these times made it possible to increase the conversion coefficient and short-circuit current of perovskite solar cells to 10.97% and 18.7 mA/cm², respectively. The results can be used to optimize the optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite depending on a number of kinetic parameters, such as the rotation speed, the acceleration time (acceleration) of the spin-coater, the temperature, and duration of annealing during the formation of solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical and Optical Performance Evaluation of Plasmonic Nanoparticle-Based Organic Photovoltaic Cells","authors":"Soundarzo Tasnim, Md Jahirul Islam, Md Rejvi Kaysir, Javid Atai","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600236","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Nanoparticle (NP)-based Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) cells have the potential to increase power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to the capacity to excite localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) induced by conductive electron oscillation. Widespread deployment of this technology requires further investigation to find out the most dominant parameters (both optical and electrical) responsible for improving the PCE of NP-based OPV cells. In this work, we primarily investigated the performance of plasmonic NPs (e.g., Ag and Au) based OPV cells using the General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model (GPVDM) and Semiconducting Thin Film Optics Simulation (SETFOS) environments and compare them to a reference cell without any NPs. It was discovered that by using the NPs as a distinctive active layer along with P3HT: PCBM, both carrier generation rate, and electric field were significantly enhanced in single-junction OPV cells. Thus, the PCE was increased by 19.5, and 7.35% for Au and Ag NPs-based OPV systems, respectively. This significant increase in PCE can be explained by increased short-circuit current density as a result of enhancing active layer absorption by LSPRs. This analysis will be helpful for basic understating of NP-based OPV cells and optimizing design parameters for realizing highly efficient OPV cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Insight into the Reasons for Deterioration of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells","authors":"Tirukoti Mounika, Shiddappa L. Belagali, Inderpreet Singh, Kuldeep Kumar, P. Arun","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600509","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the present work, degradation mechanism in P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction photo-voltaic devices has been explored. For this purpose, the JV characteristics of eight P3HT:PCBM solar cell structures fabricated under identical conditions, were studied on hourly basis. Without exception, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells is found to fall off exponentially that saturates within six hours. The decay and rise time of the photo-current in the devices were also studied. The nature of the graphs negates the possibility of surface oxidation and generation of trap centers in the photo-active film. Thus, phase separation of P3HT and PCBM domains is expected to be the root cause of device degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Analysis of the Operation of a Multi-Unit Wind Power Plant in Conditions of a Shortage of Wind Power","authors":"S. S. Dorzhiev, E. G. Bazarova, M. I. Rosenblum","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x22601004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x22601004","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>It is possible to use low-potential wind energy for the efficient operation of a wind power plant and for increasing the Annual Energy Production for guaranteed power supply to facilities in remote rural areas with a shortage of wind power. Currently in the development of large wind power plants worldwide hydraulic transmission is used to increase reliability and reduce the cost. However, the efficiency of such systems is lower than the efficiency of systems with a mechanical transmission (gearbox). But in regions with a shortage of wind power, wind power plants with a gearbox are not effective, and a hydraulic transmission could provide an increase in the Annual Energy Production of small wind power plants. Proposed is a small multi-unit wind-driven power plant with a hydraulic drive and an accumulator for power supply to remote facilities in rural areas. Methods for calculating the parameters and modes of operation of a multi-unit wind-driven power plant have been developed. The operation of a multi-unit wind-driven power plant was studied in the range of wind speeds of 4–14 m/s. The results of the theoretical analysis of the operation of the multi-unit wind-driven power plant are presented in the form of torque, rotational speed, power and flow rate diagrams. The results showed that the sum of flow rates of several pumps in the hydraulic system can provide the required constant flow rate of the hydraulic motor in a wide range of wind speeds. Thus, even at low wind speeds of 3–4 m/s on a typical day for a region with an average periodic wind speed of 4.3 m/s the total daily flow shortage is 75.2 L/min, while the total daily surplus is 180 L/min. The above calculation methods allow for a comparative analysis of the parameters, as well as the selection of design for the multi-unit wind-driven power plant being developed. The use of a hydraulic system with a hydraulic accumulator and several wind-receiving devices of different parameters, connected in parallel, significantly increases the efficiency of a small wind-driven power plant in a region with low-potential wind energy. In this case, the efficiency of the electric generator of a wind-driven power plant will always be maximum, since a constant rotational speed of the generator shaft is maintained and optimal generator modes are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation Study of the Photovoltaic Performance of WS2 Based Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Solar Cell","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x24600061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x24600061","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The one-dimensional software known as solar cell capacitance simulator, commonly called as SCAPS-1D, has been used to study the transition metal dichalcogenide WS₂/CdS/ZnO:Al solar cell with WS₂ as the absorber layer material. Variations in thickness, ambient temperature, density of defects, and defect charge states have been used to study the photovoltaic performance parameters. So as to achieve increased efficiency, it was shown that the defect concentration in the light absorbing layer needs to be decreased to the lowest achievable values. Additionally, it has been found that the characteristics showing the performance of the solar cells are significantly influenced by the charge type of the defects.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Insight Analysis of In0.7Ga0.3N Based pn Homo-Junction Solar Cell using SCAPS-1D Simulation Software","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600522","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3> <strong>Abstract</strong> </h3> <p>An insight analysis of In_0.7Ga_0.3N based pn homo-junction solar cell structure has been carried out using simulation software. A novel solar cell structure of <em>n</em>+ buffer contact layer/<em>n</em> window layer/<em>p</em> absorber layer/<em>p</em>+ back absorber layer has been proposed after device optimization. We have found that under the sun spectrum of AM 1.5 of 1 KW/m² operating at 300 K, the solar cell with low series resistance of 3 Ω cm², highly doped (1×10¹⁹ cm^–3) <em>n</em>+ layer as buffer contact layer and <em>p</em>+ layer of 200 nm thick as back absorber layer on top of back metal contact, enable us to achieve an efficient solar cell. We found that doping concentration of <span> <span>(1 times {{10}^{{16}}}{text{ c}}{{{text{m}}}^{{ - 3}}})</span> </span> in both active n and p layer, with 30 nm and 1.0 <span> <span>({{mu m}})</span> </span> of thickness, respectively, would allow us to achieve short circuit current density of <span> <span>(35{{{text{ mA}}} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{{text{mA}}} {{text{c}}{{{text{m}}}^{2}}}}} right. kern-0em} {{text{c}}{{{text{m}}}^{2}}}})</span> </span>, open circuit voltage of 1.0 V, overall efficiency of 28.32% and fill factor value of 80% from the solar cell. If we could further reduce the series resistance of In_0.7Ga_0.3N pn homo-junction solar cell to ideal one, it may allow us to have even higher overall efficiency and fill factor values of 31 and 86%, respectively.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Solar Drying Technology—A Mini-Review","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600583","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The increasing food demand, decreasing fossil fuels, expanding population and degrading environment are the drivers leading towards development in sustainable processing and storage of agricultural products. The lack of agro production and the wastage in post-processing has pulled the eyes towards sustainable storage solutions. Drying is an ancient process used to remove moisture from the harvested products. Several researchers have performed various experiments to intervene in new technology in the field of drying. The aims are to review the recent development occurring in drying technology. Waste energy recovery system coupled with solar dryer shows very good potential, while its application is more complex than solar drying. Hybrid system focuses on reducing the time of drying. The secondary source of heat was either an LPG heater or an electric heater, but its availability around various regions is still a challenge. Phase change material in solar drying technology can provide a desirable solution to post-harvesting problems. Currently the use of solar thermal energy into industrial drying processes is just to improve efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and lessen environmental impact. Economic aspects of the solar drying technology is very important for implementation of the systems. This article will help the policymaker and the researchers to make framework for energy policies in future.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Modeling Simulation and Optimal Layout of Heliostat Field Optical Efficiency for Solar Power Tower Plant","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601230","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3> <strong>Abstract</strong> </h3> <p>The heliostat field is an important subsystem of the tower CSP station. The optimal layout of the heliostat field is one of the key issues to be solved in the early stage of the tower CSP station construction. Comprehensive efficiency of the heliostat field directly determines the highest performance of the power generation system. After analyzing the optical efficiency composition, optical efficiency distribution and related layout methods of the heliostat field, the goal is to have the highest annual average optical efficiency of the heliostat field. A dense simulated heliostat field with 2640 heliostats is established by the radial grid method. After selecting the appropriate heliostat field parameters, the cosine efficiency, shadow and block efficiency, atmospheric attenuation efficiency and comprehensive efficiency at different time points in the heliostat field are affected. In the optimization process, different search strategies are automatically selected, which improves the solving ability of the algorithm. Based on the Campo layout method, a new heliostat field layout method is proposed combined with the Adaptive Gravity Search Algorithm. The layout process starts from a dense heliostat field that is 1.5 times larger than the target heliostat field. The radius of the ring where the heliostat is located is used as the input variable and the annual average efficiency is used as the evaluation standard for the optimal layout of the heliostat field. After setting the corresponding constraints, the Adaptive Gravity Search Algorithm is used to find the best line spacing combination until the energy gain of the heliostat field reaches the maximum. Then, according to the design requirements, the inefficient heliostats are eliminated to obtain the final heliostat field arrangement. Finally, the heliostat field of the Gemasolar tower solar thermal power station in Seville is taken as an example to verify the method and prove the feasibility of the method.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}