{"title":"How can we master the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic? The role of planning at social levels","authors":"J. Thürmer, F. Wieber, P. Gollwitzer","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1852699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1852699","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mastering global challenges such as the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic requires implementing effective responses at various social levels. Leadership teams (governmental, industrial) need to integrate available information to introduce effective regulation and update their decisions as new information becomes available. Groups (families, peers, teams) need to act persistently, even when these actions oppose members’ individual short-term interests. Moreover, individuals need to stay calm and act diligently, while dealing with emotions of threat and resisting counterproductive social influence. Our research programme on implementation intentions at social levels suggests that collective if-then plans facilitate goal attainment for teams, groups, and individuals in social contexts. We therefore analyse how if-then planning can help master global human challenges such as the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"1 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1852699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44535431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pro-diversity beliefs and intergroup relations","authors":"Mathias Kauff, F. Asbrock, Katharina Schmid","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1853377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1853377","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Modern societies and organisations are becoming increasingly diverse, leading many to argue that diversity should be valued because it can benefit teams, organisations and societies more widely. Considerable attention in both organisational and social psychological research has been devoted to so-called pro-diversity beliefs (i.e. the idea that diversity has an instrumental value to groups), and the consequences of these for various outcomes. In this paper, we focus on the role and relevance of PDBs in understanding intergroup relations, and review research on antecedents, consequences, and correlates thereof. We introduce the concept of PDBs more generally before drawing a more directed focus on interethnic relations, thereby contextualising PDBs within theorising on interethnic ideologies and approaches to diversity more generally. Moreover, we delineate potential strategies to facilitate PDBs but also outline boundary conditions, before ending with a discussion of recommendations concerning the practical implications of research on PDBs.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"269 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1853377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46902854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"40 Years of Multiple Social Categorization: A Tool for Social Inclusivity","authors":"F. Prati, R. Crisp, M. Rubini","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1830612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1830612","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We review a 40-year corpus of research that we collectively name “Multiple Categorisation Theory” (MCT). From early illustrations using the minimal group paradigm, through a focus on how people cognitively represent social diversity, to recent models of outgroup “re-humanisation”, this work has revealed much about how we think about inclusivity, exclusion, and intergroup differences. We review research that assessed ways to reduce intergroup bias by attenuating the reliance on simple categorisation via “crossed categorisation”. We describe how this research evolved from a focus on intergroup differences to incorporate self-categorisation, through processes of decategorisation and increased social identity complexity. Finally, we consider contemporary models that reveal the generalised benefits of multiple categorisation in promoting outgroup “re-humanisation” through “cognitive liberalisation”. We conclude by highlighting the theoretical and practical implications of this research programme.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"47 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1830612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46981366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew B. Moynihan, E. Igou, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg
{"title":"Existential escape of the bored: A review of meaning-regulation processes under boredom","authors":"Andrew B. Moynihan, E. Igou, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1829347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1829347","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Boredom is a common, unpleasant emotion that conveys meaninglessness in life and compels people to escape from this adverse existential experience. Within the paradigm of social psychology frameworks, previous research found that bored people endorse cultural sources of meaning as compensation against this state (e.g., nostalgia, political ideologies). In recent years, another form of defence against meaning threats has been identified. An existential escape hypothesis relating to boredom claims that people seek to avoid meaninglessness when people encounter meaning threats such as boredom. By engaging in behaviours with low self-awareness, people counteract awareness of their bored and meaningless self. In this article, we review the current literature on boredom in light of such acts of existential escape. We also provide suggestions for future research to highlight under which circumstances people are more likely to engage in existential escape and identify phenomena that need to be tested within the escape process.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"161 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1829347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46845375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"If-then planning","authors":"M. Bieleke, Lucas Keller, P. Gollwitzer","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1808936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1808936","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The self-regulation strategy of forming implementation intentions has now been studied for almost 30 years. We trace the development of this research and explicate the questions that have been addressed. We then present current research that investigates the consequences of implementation intentions for flexible goal striving, behaviour in situations for which one had not planned, and neuropsychological processes underlying the action control by implementation intentions. Next, we turn to novel applications focusing on how implementation intentions affect physical endurance and promote strategic information processing. Our review concludes with an outlook on future research on implementation intentions that covers emerging individual difference perspectives, innovative approaches to characterize underlying cognitive processes, and the prospects of integrating insights from related fields of research. As such, our review is an empathic call for addressing the many intriguing conceptual and empirical questions that still revolve around implementation intentions.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"88 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1808936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45639925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measured and manipulated effects of value similarity on prejudice and well-being","authors":"Lukas J. Wolf, P. Hanel, G. Maio","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1810403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1810403","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We review recent research investigating the effect of shared human values on personal and social outcomes. Using more precise methods than past research, cross-sectional and experimental evidence suggests that well-being and prejudice are predicted by the extent to which people’s values align (or are perceived to align) with those of other people around them. Importantly, this research shows that these effects depend on the type of values being considered and are more nuanced than prior research suggests. For example, well-being is higher among individuals who perceive their fellow citizens to share their values of power and achievement. Prejudice against immigrants is higher among individuals who value conservation more but perceive immigrants to value openness. Moreover, experimentally highlighting actual value similarities rather than mean differences improves attitudes towards outgroups. We discuss how future studies can improve our understanding of value similarity effects and their underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"123 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1810403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43147442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncertain Self in a Changing World: A Foundation for Radicalisation, Populism, and Autocratic Leadership","authors":"M. Hogg","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1827628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1827628","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We live in a changing world that can create uncertainty about who we are, and make extremist groups, identities and ideologies attractive to us. This article invokes uncertainty-identity theory to explore the role played by context-induced self-uncertainty in radicalization, violent extremism, and support for populist ideologies and autocratic leadership. Uncertainty-identity theory argues that people are motivated to reduce self and identity uncertainty, and that group identification satisfies this motivation. However, some groups and identities are more effective than others. Specifically, highly entitative groups with clearly defined prescriptive identities that are unambiguous and consensual – identities that echo populist ideology, conspiracy theories and victimhood narratives. Self-uncertainty creates a need for leadership, in particular leaders who are populist, autocratic and toxic. I introduce uncertainty-identity theory to focus on its account of “extremism” – overviewing empirical support, and closing with discussion of warning signs of radicalization and speculations about preventative strategies.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"235 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1827628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49281667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Dixon, G. Elcheroth, Philippa Kerr, J. Drury, Mai Al Bzour, Emina Subašić, K. Durrheim, E. Green
{"title":"It’s not just “us” versus “them”: Moving beyond binary perspectives on intergroup processes","authors":"John Dixon, G. Elcheroth, Philippa Kerr, J. Drury, Mai Al Bzour, Emina Subašić, K. Durrheim, E. Green","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1738767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1738767","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The social psychology of intergroup relations has emerged largely from studies of how one group of people (e.g., whites) think and feel about another (e.g., blacks). By reducing the social world to binary categories, this approach has provided an effective and efficient methodological framework. However, it has also obscured important features of social relations in historically divided societies. This paper highlights the importance of investigating intergroup relationships involving more than two groups and of exploring not only their psychological but also their political significance. Exemplifying this argument, we discuss the conditions under which members of disadvantaged groups either dissolve into internecine competition or unite to challenge the status quo, highlighting the role of complex forms of social comparison, identification, contact, and third-party support for collective action. Binary conceptualizations of intergroup relations, we conclude, are the product of specific sociohistorical practices rather than a natural starting point for psychological research.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"40 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1738767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44475122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Text-based E-contact: Harnessing cooperative Internet interactions to bridge the social and psychological divide","authors":"F. White, Rachel D. Maunder, Stefano Verrelli","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1753459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1753459","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In order to bridge the psychological and physical divide between different groups, researchers have harnessed the positive elements of the Internet to improve intergroup contact. One new and effective Internet strategy is Electronic- or E-contact. Unlike other contact approaches, E-contact is an experimental intergroup intervention that uniquely accommodates Allport’s contact theory and recategorisation processes, to create a structured, cooperative, synchronous and goal-directed online text interaction between members from different groups. E-contact has been found to successfully improve intergroup relations between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland and Muslims and Catholics in Australia; and reduce bias against lesbian women and gay men, people with schizophrenia, Indigenous Australians, and transgender individuals. This paper discusses the unique engineering and advantages of E-contact interventions in comparison to existing contact strategies, identifies the theories that guide E-contact interventions, provides meta-analytic evidence of its effects, and discusses the strengths, limitations and future directions for E-contact research.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"76 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1753459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44895285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fitting in: How the intergroup context shapes minority acculturation and achievement","authors":"Karen Phalet, Gulseli Baysu","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1711627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1711627","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Children of immigrants are at risk of underachieving in school with long-lasting consequences for future life-chances. Our research contextualises the achievement gap by examining minority acculturation experiences in daily intergroup contact across different intergroup contexts. Acculturation researchers often find an adaptive advantage for minority youth with an integration-orientation (combining both cultures). But findings from Europe are inconclusive. Looking beyond individual differences in acculturation-orientations, this review shifts focus to the intergroup context of minority acculturation and achievement. We discuss longitudinal, multi-group, multi-level and experimental evidence of the up- and downsides of integration for minority inclusion and success in European societies. Our studies show that both (1) intergroup contact experiences and (2) intergroup ideologies affect achievement – either directly or through the interplay of (3) acculturation-norms, defined as shared views on acculturation in social groups, with individual acculturation-orientations. The findings suggest how schools can reduce achievement gaps through improving intergroup relations.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"1 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1711627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45289771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}